中英文对照专业名词财务成本管理完整版

1、P ART I Fun dame ntals to Finan cial Man ageme nt第一部分财务管理导论Secti on I Fun dame ntals to Finan cial Man ageme nt第一节财务管理概述1、 profit maximization*利润最大化1-1 EPS maximizati on*每股收益最大化【讲解】EPS, earnings per share每股收益股东财富最大化1-2 Maximizati on of shareholders wealth*e、 g、Shareholder wealth maximizati on is a f

2、un dame ntal princip le of fi nan cialman ageme n、 In finan cial man ageme nt weassume that the objective of the bus in essis to maximize shareholder wealth 、 Thisis not necessarilythe same as maximizingp rofit、【讲解】(1)maximizati on,m?ksimaizei? n n、最大化,极大化(2)mini mizati on,minimaizei ?岔，-miz- n、最小化m

3、aximize m?ks? ma?z v、最大化，取最大值，达到最大值(4)minimize m?n?ma ?z v、最小化“1 in j Ez呻b -mini加&匕(5)minimum n、最小值，最小量adj、最小得，最低得(6)maximum n、极大，最大限度，最大量adj、最高得，最多得(7)the same as 与一样 ,与相同学习成果回顾【译】股东财富最大化就是财务管理得基本原则。在财务管理中我们假定企业得目标就 就是实现股东财富最大化。该目标与利润最大化不一定相同。2、Moral m?r(?)l hazard h?z? d道德风险逆向选择2-1 Adverse choice/

4、select ion2-2 Bus in ess ethics商业道德社会道德2-3 Social respon sibilitych gJe【讲解】choice 与 select ion 辨析choice意为从众多当中选取一个，侧重描述过程。而select(selection)则强调根据某种规则进行精心挑选。3、 Finan cial market金融市场4、 Fixed-i ne security固定收益证券4-1 Equity security权益证券4-2 Derivatived?r?/?t?v security衍生证券【讲解】Derive d?ra?v v、源于，派生5、 Finan

5、cial intermediary，岔t?mi?d?r?金融中介机构讲解】intermediary n中间人 ， 仲裁者 ， 调解者 ， 媒介物 adj 、中间得6、 Pension pen ?(?)n fund 养老基金7、 Money market货币市场7-1 Capital market资本市场7-2 Debt market债务市场7-3 Equity market股权市场8、 Primary pra?m(?)r? market 一级市场8- 1 Secondary sek(?)nd(?)r? market 二级市场讲解】公司战略中价值链相关联(1)Primary activities

6、基本活动(2)Secondary activities辅助活动9、 Floor trading market场内市场9- 1 OTC market 场外市场讲解】OTC， over the counter 场外交易 ， 非处方药Sectio n II An alysis of Finan cial Stateme nts*第二节财务报表分析*10、Stakeholder* n 、利益相关方10-1 Equity in vestor n股权投资人10-2 Creditorkred ?t? n、债权人10-3 Ma nagerm?n? d? n、经理人员10-4 Su ppi iers? pla?

7、 n、 供应商客户10- 5 Government g?v(?)n,m( ?)nt; g ?v?m(?)nt n、政府10-6 Customer k?st?m? n、 客户11、CPA, certified p ublic acco untant注册会计师12、13、Finan cial ratio an alysis*财务比率分析Limitatio nl?m?te?) n n、局限性14、15、Worki ng cap ital*营运资本15-1 Work ing cap ital = curre nt assetscurre nt liabilities*营运资本=流动资产流动负债16、C

8、urre nt ratio*流动比率CUI renl assets16-1 Curre nt ratio =流叨资产current liahililies*流动比率=淤动饭债Quick ratio/acid test ratio*quick assets17、速动比率17-1 Quick ratio =速幼资产CUI rent liabilities*Short-term solve ncy*短期偿债能力速度比率=淤动加债18、Cash ratio* 现金比率cuiTcnt liubiJiticcash + niiirkctcihk Rnancial assets18-1 Cash ratio

9、 =货+交易性金融进产现金比率=流动境债e、 g、 The cash ratio is a more conservativeliquidity measure than the current or quick ratio 、 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm sliquiditypositionbecause it assumes that firms can fund theircurrent liabilitieswith only cash and marketable securities

10、【译】较流动比率或速动比率而言,现金比率就是更加保守得流动性指标。但现金比率过于保守，往往不能精确得反映公司得流动性状况，这主要就是因为该比率假定公司只能依靠现金与有价证券来对其流动负债进行融资。【讲解】tooto句型 太以至于不能19、Cash flow ratio*cuiTcnl liahiLillcsn厶现金流量比率net operatingCEJsh How19-1 Cash flow ratio =经营活动现金訛a挣额现金流量比率=流动&债20、Lon g-term solve ncy*长期偿债能力【讲解】Solvency s?lv?ns? n、偿付能力,清偿能力In solve n

11、cy?ns ?lv( ?) ns? n、破产，无力偿还，倒闭21、Debt ratio*资产负债率21-1 Debt ratio =toUl assets *资产负债率=恵逐产22、 Debt-to-equity ratio/equity ratio*|lXal liablllLIes22-1 Equity ratio =total equity *总ft侦产权比率产权比率=股东权益23、Equity mult ip lier*权益乘数total assets23-1 Equity multi plier =total equity*权益乘数=股务权益24、 Debt to Ion g-ter

12、m cap ital ratio*24-1 Debt to Ion g-term cap ital ratio =长期资本负债率non - current liabilitiestiGti - cuiTeiil Liabilities + equity *II：流幼负债长期资本负债率=25、 In terest cover*IE流功釦+ i畏乐W益利息保障倍数EHIT25-1 In terest cover =利息保障倍数iiileresl*息税前利剂糾息用Efi叮026、Cash flow cover ratio*现金流量利息保障倍数opcriJtingcash flow26-1 Cash

13、flow cover ratio =经a现金漩垃现金流量利息保障倍数= 利息礦用27、Cashflow-to-debt ratio*现金流量债务比operalingtash lowtotal debtsinterest27-1 Cashflow-to-debt ratio =现金流量债务比经粋活动tt金流债务总敝28、29、Op erat ing ratio*营运能力比率Asset man ageme nt ratio*资产管理比率30、Acco unts receivable turnover ratio*应收账款周转率accounls t cccivjble*sal凸30-1 Acco u

14、nts receivable turnover ratio =收入应收账款周转率=应收耶款【讲解】Turnover t?n?v? n、营业额,流通量,人员流动（强调辞职人员得多寡）31、 Inven tory turnover ratio*存货周转率31-1 Inven tory turnover ratio =I销收入存货周转率=存货32、 Current assets turnover ratio*inventory*流动资产周转率sales32-1 Current assets turno ver ratio =cui rcnl jssets *销售收入流动资产周转率=流动资产33、 W

15、ork ing cap ital turnover ratio*营运资本周转率sales33-1 Work ing cap ital turnover ratio =working capital *营运资本周转率=营业资本34、 Non-curre nt assets turno ver ratio*非流动资产周转率34-1 Non-curre nt assets turnover ratio =* tion - current assets销fe收入非流动资产周转率 =申流动蚩产35、 Total assets turno ver ratio*总资产周转率sales35-1 Total a

16、ssets turnover ratio = 销售收入 总资产周转率=总密产36、P rofitability ratio*37、Net p rofit margi n*37-1 Net p rofit margin = 销售净利率=【讲解】total tissets *盈利能力比率 销售净利率Margin m a d?岔n、 边缘,利润，保证金，余裕v、加边于，加旁注于总资产净利率38、Net p rofit on total assets 38-1net profitNet profit on total assets =，loUl usscLs总附挣利率=血39、ROE, retur n

17、 on equity*权益报酬率39-1 Net profit on equity*权益净利率A。刃刀aHrNet p rofit on equity = *权益净利率=40、Market value ratio*市价比率市盈率41、 P/E ratio, price earnings ratio* 41-1 P/E ratio = *市盈率=P/FMb勿e、 g、 A firm can have negative earnings, whichproduces a meaningless P/E ratio 、【讲解】Negative adj负得，消极得，否定得，阴性得n、负数，否定v、否定

18、，拒绝Negative con firmati on消极函证42、P/B ratio, price-to-book ratio*42- 1 P/B ratio = or *市净率=或43、P/S ratio, p rice-to-sales ratio*43- 1 P/S ratio = *市销率=44、Divide nd yield* 股利收益率44- 1 Divide nd yield = *股利收益率=【讲解】市净率市销率yield ji?d n、产量，收益v、 屈服，放弃，出产45、Divide nd payout* 股利支付率45- 1 divide nd p ayout = *股利

19、支付率=46、 Du Pont An alysis System*杜邦分析体系46- 1 Net profit on equity = x x *权益净利率=X X46-2 imp roved net p rofit on equity翻译：公司可能会有负得收益，这会使市盈率指标失去意义。XX=)X=net p rofit on net op erati ng assets + (net p rofit on net op erati ng assetsin terest rate after tax)X net financial leverage*改进后权益净利率=）-X=净经营资产净利率

20、 + （净经营资产净利率-税后利息率）X净财务杠杆Section HI Lon g-term Planning and Finan cial Forecast第三节长期计划与财务预测财务预测47、Finan cial forecasti ng【讲解】Forecast f?永 a st v&n、预测销售百分比法48、 Percen tage-of-sales method49、 Growth rate增长率49-1 Sales growth rate销售增长率50、 Internal growth rate内含增长率可持续增长率51、Susta in able growth rate【讲解】Su

21、stainables?sten ?bl adj、可持续得，可以忍受得，足可支撑得PART II Fi nan cial Valuation第二部分：财务估价Sectio n I Fun dame ntal Concepts to Finan cial Valuati on第一节财务估价得基础概念52、Financial valuation*财务估价内在价值53、Intrin sic value*【讲解】Intrinsic?ntr?ns?k adj、 固有得，本质得53-1 Econ omic value*经济价值53-2 Fair market value*公平市场价值53-3 Book va

22、lue* 账面价值53-4 Market value*市场价值53-5 Liquidati on value*清算价值54、Time value of mon ey*货币得时间价值55、p ou nd in terest*复利【讲解】pound k?mpa?nd adj、复合得，混合得n、化合物，混合物，复合词v、合成，混合,与解妥协56、In terest rate for quotati onkw?(?)te ?)n * 报价利率【讲解】quotation kw ?(?)te?)n n、报价，引用，引证57、Annu ity* ?nju ? n、年金57-1Nominal n?m?n(?)

23、l interest rate*名义利率58、FV, future value/fi nal value*终值59、59-160、70 mPV, prese nt value* 现值NPV, n et prese nt value*净现值Sinking fun d*偿债基金【讲解】Sink s?k v、 下沉，消沉（不规则动词，过去式与过去分词均为sunk）Sunk cost沉没成本61、Perpetuity* 永续年金;不可兑换得公司债券62、Ran dom event* 随机事件62-1Discrete d?skri? distributio n*离散型分布62-2 Normal dist

24、ributio n*正态分布【讲解】Normal adj 、正常得，标准得，正规得n、正常,标准,常态62-3 Varia nee*方差62-4 SD, sta ndard deviationdi?/?e?)n * 标准差63、Investment portfolio*投资组合64、Expected rate of return*预期报酬率65、Correlation*相关性65-1 Correlati on coefficie nt,k?f?)nt* 相关系数65-2 Covaria nee*协方差65-3 Covarianeek?ve?r?ns matrix me ?tr?ks * 协方差

25、矩阵66、Opp ortu nity set*机会集67、Diversificati ond?v?s?ke?n effect* 分散化效应68、Perfect po sitive correlati on*完全正相关68-1P erfect n egative correlati on*完全负相关69、CML, capital market line*资本市场线70、Risk-free assets*无风险资产Market equilibrium72、,i ?kw ?l ?br ?m; ,ekw ?-point* 市场均衡点Systematic s?st?m?t? k risk* 系统风险73

26、、CAPM, capital asset pricing model*资本资产定价模型74、SML, security market line*证券市场线75、Beta coefficient*贝塔(3 )系数Section II Valuation of Bond and Share 第二节 债券与股票股价76、Bond* b?nd n 、 债券76-1Bond valuation*债券估价76-2 Par value/face value*债券面值76-3 Coupon rate* 债券票面利率讲解】coupon ku?p?n n 、 息票, 优惠券76-4 Maturity date/e

27、xpiry date*债券得到期日77、 Coupons bond* 平息债券77-1 Zero coupon bond*零息债券77-2 Perpetual bonds*永久债券78、 Ordinary share valuation*普通股票得估价79、 Opening price*开盘价79-1 Closing price*收盘价80、 The value of zero growth share*零增长股票得价值80-1 The value of constant growth share*固定增长股票得价值讲解】Constant k?nst(?)nt n、 常量,恒量 adj 、 不

28、变得,恒定得 ,经常得力叶处c/倾a81、Expected yield*期望收益率Sectio n III Cost of Capi tal 第三节资本成本*82、Cost of cap ital*资本成本83、WACC, weighted average cost of cap ital*加权平均资本成本84、Cost of ordinary share*普通股成本85、Risk-free in terest rate*无风险利率free mobile85-1Market risk prem ium*市场风险溢价【讲解】Premium pri?n?m n、溢价,额外费用,奖金,保险费Disc

29、ount n 、折扣，贴现率，折现率v、贴现，打折扣At premium 溢价,按溢价issue at premium 溢价发行At discount 按折价，低价发行issue at disco unt86、DCF model*折现现金流量模型87、Divide nd growth model*股利增长模型88、Cost of debt*债务成本89、Historical cost*历史成本89-1Future cost*未来成本90、mitted ine*承诺收益【讲解】折价发行mit k?m?t v、承诺，使承担义务，犯罪，做错事91、YTM, yield to maturity*到期收

30、益率92、p arable pany method*可比公司法92-1Risk adjustme nt method*风险调整法93、Cost of debt after tax*税后债务成本94、Profit after tax*税后利润95、Issui ng costs*发行成本Secti on IV Busin ess Valuati on第四节企业价值评估*96、Busin ess valuati on*企业价值评估97、En tity value*实体价值97-1Equity value* 股权价值97-2 Going concern value*持续经营价值97-3 Liquida

31、ti on value*清算价值98、 Value of non-co ntrolli ng in terest (NCI) *少数股权价值MI99、Divide nd cash flow model*股利现金流量模型99-1 Equity cash flow model*股权现金流量模型100、Perpetual growth model*永续增长模型100-1 Two-phase growth model*两阶段增长模型100-2 En tity cash flow model*实体现金流量模型101、 Debt cash flow* 债务现金流量102、En tity value = f

32、orecast p eriod value + follow-up p eriod value*企业实体价值=预测期价值+后续期价值【讲解】Follow-up f?l? ?p n、跟进，后续行动adj、后续得，增补得103、 Relative value method* 相对价值法【讲解】Relative rel?t?v adj、相对得，有关系得，成比例n、亲戚，103-1 Multi plier valuation method*乘数估值法【讲解】Mult ip lierm?lt?pla? n、乘数104、 Price earnings ratio model (P/E ratio) *市价

33、/净收益比率模型（市盈率）104-1 Price-to-book ratio model (P/B ratio) *市价/净资产比率模型（市净率）104-2 Price-to-sales ratio (P/S ratio, also called ine mult ip lier) *市价/收入比率模型（收入乘数）P ART III Lon g-term Inv estme nt长期投资Section I Cap ital Budgeti ng资本预算105、Capi tal budget in g*资本预算现金流量折现法106、 DCF method, discounted cash flo

34、w method120、Degearing 3 of parable pany *卸载可比公司财务杠杆107、 Cash outflow*现金流出107-1 Cash inflow现金流入107-2 Net cash flow* 现金净流量108、 Relevant cost*相关成本108-1 Irrelevant cost非相关成本108-2 sunk cost 沉没成本109、Opportunity cost* 机会成本110、fixed assets replacement固定资产更新111、Average annual cost of non-current assets固定资产得平

35、均年成本112、Depreciation allowed for tax折旧抵税113、NPV method* 净现值法113-1IRR, Internal rate of return*内含报酬率法113-3 ARR, accounting rate of return会计报酬率法114、 Mutually mjut ?u?li exclusive?ksklu ?s?v; ek- projects * 互斥项目e、g、 When pared to the NPV, each ofthe other profitabilitymeasures has seriousflaws, especia

36、lly when evaluatingmutually exclusive projects译】与净现值法相比 , 其她得盈利性计量方法均有严重得缺陷 , 特别就是在评估互斥项 目时。讲解】等额年金法Flaw fl? n、缺点,瑕疵115、 EAC, equivalent annual costs*116、Capital rationing* 资本约束 , 资本限额讲解】ration n定量, 定额, 理性, 配给量 v 、 配给, 定量供应117、 Specific risk to project/project-specific risk* 项目特有风险118、Adjusted cash

37、flow 调整现金流量119、Risk adjusted discount rate method*风险调整折现率法120-1 Regearing 3 of target pany*加载目标企业财务杠杆【讲解】De-前缀,意为“除去,取消,离开”121、Sensitivity搭上齿轮，适合sens ?t?V衣? analysis 敏感性分析121-1 Maximinm?ks? m?hmethod 最大最小法121-2 Scenarios?n a ? analysis情景分析122、Normal co ndition基准情景123、simulati on an alysisSection II

38、Op ti on Valuati on期权估价124、Op tion ? p?) n n、期权125、Un derly ing assets标得资产126、Call op tion瞧涨期权127、Exercise p rice/strike price行权价128、America n op ti on美式期权129、Premium期权金130、Traded op tio n在交易所买卖得期权131、OTC op tio n 场外期权132、Op tio n value期权价值133、Binomial ba?n?m?l model 二叉树模型134、Black-Scholes op ti on

39、pricing model布莱克-斯科尔斯期权定价模型135、 Real options实物期权135-1 Options to delay/defer延迟期权135-2 Options to switch/redeploy转换期权135-3 Options to expand/contract扩张期权135-4 Options to abandon ?b?nd(? )n 放弃期权PART IV Long-term Financing长期筹资136、Capital structure*Section I Capital Structure资本结构资本结构137、Long-term financ

40、ing*长期筹资138、Operating leverage*经营杠杆139、EBIT, earnings before interests and taxes*息前税前利润140、Financial leverageli?v(?)r?d?; lev( ?)r?d? *财务杠杆141、DTL, degree of total leverage*总杠杆系数142、Financial structure*财务结构143、144、Perfect capital market*完美资本市场145、MM theory* MM 理论146、Trade-off theory* 权衡理论Homogeneous

41、* ,h?m?(?)d?i?n?s; -d?en- adj、 同类得 ,同质得 ,同种得 ,均匀147、Financial distress * 财务困境讲解】Trade-off treid ?f,-?:f n、 交换, 权衡, 取舍Distress n危难,不幸,贫困 v、 使悲痛 , 使贫困148、Agency theory* 代理理论149、Asset substitution problem*资产替代问题150、Pecking order theory*有序融资理论151、Indifferent point to EPS*每股收益无差别点法讲解】Indifferent?nd?f(?)r

42、(?)nt adj、 漠不关心得，无关紧要得，中立得152、Divide nd distributi on*股利分配153、Legal reserve*法定公积金股利分配Secti on II Divide nd Distributi on154、155、155-1Record date*股权登记日155-2 ex-divide nd date*除息日156、Cash divide nd*现金股利156-1 Prop erty divide nd*财产股利156-2 Liability divide nd*负债股利156-3 Scripdivide nd*票据股利(以本公司期票notes发给

43、得股利，就是一种liability divide nd)【讲解】scripskr?) n、临时凭证，临时股票，纸条，纸片157、Divide nd theory*股利理论158Tax differe nee theory*税差理论159、Clie ntele effect theory*客户效应理论Divide nd* d?v?de nd n、股利Announ ceme nt date 股利宣告日【讲解】clientele ,kli ?Vtel n、 客户，老主顾，诉讼委托人160、Signalingsi gn?li? theory * 信号理论政策161、 Dividend distribu

44、tion policy161-1 Residual r?z?dj?l dividend policy*剩余股利政策161-2 Constant or sustainable growth dividend policy*161-3 Constant dividend payout ratio*固定或持续增长股利政策固定股利支付率政策161-4 Low regular plus specially designated dividends*低正常股利加额外股利讲解】Designate dez ?gne ?t v 、 指定 , 指派 , 标出 adj 、 指定得 , 选定得162、share di

45、vidend* 股票股利163、share split* 股票分割164、Share repurchase* 股票回购Section III Ordinary share and long-term debt financing普通股与长期负债筹资165、Ordinary share* 普通股166、Registered share 记名股166-1Bearer share*不记名股168、sale on mission* 委托销售讲解】Bearer be?r? n 、 出票人 ,持有人面值股票167、 Share with face value*169、170、【讲解】Sales by pr

46、oxy* 代销Underwrite*?nd ?ra ?t; ?nd?ra?t v 、 承购包销Proxy171、Net value of assets method*资产净值法 （ 又称为净资产倍率法 ）172、Over the counter market(OTC market) * 店头市场173、Seasoned equity offering* 股权再融资174、Financing by issuing new shares*增发新股融资175、Right issue*附权发行 ;配股pr ?ks? n、 代理人 , 委托书 ,代用品176、Gen eral p rotective p

47、 rovisi ons*般性保护条款177、Lon g-term bond*长期债券178、Registered bond*记名债券179、Con vertible bond*可转换债券180、181、Mortgage m ?d? bo nd* 抵押债券Real estate mortgage bo nd * 不动产抵押债券【讲解】Real estate?ste?t; e-不动产，房地产Property pr?p ?t?| n、 财产，所有权，属性182、183、AEquipment mortgage bond*设备抵押债券Real estate mortgage bond*不动产抵押债券18

48、4、185、Corporate bo nd * 公司债券Debenture d?bent? bonds* 信用债券【讲解】Debenture 与 bond 辨析186、Debenture通常指信用债券，而bond指有风险缓释物得债券。participatingp atisipeiti ? corporate bond * 参加公司债券187、Fixed in terest rate bond*固定利率债券187-1Floati ng fl ?t?l in terest rate bond*浮动利率债券188*上市债券Listed bond/p ublicly traded bond【讲解】List l?st v 、( 使)公司 (上市 )189、 Term bond 到期一次债券189-1 Serial bond/installment bond*分期债券讲解】Serial s ?r?l adj 、 分期偿还得 ,连续得 ,连载得Installment inst ?:lm?nt n 、分期付款 ,安装, 就职190、 Repayment at maturity* 到期偿还190-1 Repayment in advance*提前偿还190-2 Repayment in