《会考今日电脑》ppt课件

1、第第 3 章章數據和資訊處理數據和資訊處理Data and Information Processing數據處理數據處理 Data Processing排序 Sorting 合併 Merging 檢索 Searching 更新 Updating 排序排序 Sorting 按某種次序來陈列按某種次序來陈列 Arranging data in a certain order 例如：以下的記錄是按照學生姓名的筆例如：以下的記錄是按照學生姓名的筆劃數目順序陈列劃數目順序陈列 e.g. the records below are sorted in alphabetical order of stude

2、nt names數據處理數據處理 Data Processing合併合併 Merging 合併是把兩個檔案的內容合併成一個檔案Merging combines the contents of two files to form one file合併合併 MergingNameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4B19812092448 3111Fiona4B29815322244 5559Ben 4B 39834562445 4746David4B49832122345 6789NameClassNoStudent IDTelAda 4C19812082444 4111Cindy

3、4C29911212987 5432Eva 4C 39934112981 4632Tina4C49845222145 3467+NameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4B19812092448 3111Fiona4B29815322244 5559Ben 4B 39834562445 4746David4B49832122345 6789Ada 4C19812082444 4111Cindy4C29911212987 5432Eva 4C 39934112981 4632Tina4C49845222145 3467檢索檢索 Searching 檢索是指確定記錄在檔案中的位置S

4、earching refers to locating a record in a file檢索檢索 SearchingNameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Ben 4A 229834562445 4746Fiona4B99815322244 5559David4D229832122345 6789Searching 檢索：檢索：FionaUpdating 更新更新 插入新記錄 Insert new records 刪除記錄 Delete records 修正不正確的記錄 Amend incorrect records 插入插入 Inser

5、tionNameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Fiona4B99815322244 5559David4D229832122345 6789NameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Fiona4B99815322244 5559David4D229832122345 6789Ben 4A 229834562445 4746刪除刪除 DeletionNameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Ben 4A 229834562445 4746Fio

6、na4B99815322244 5559David4D229832122345 6789NameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Fiona4B99815322244 5559David4D229832122345 6789修正修正 AmendmentNameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Fiona4B99815322244 5559David4D229832122345 6789NameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4A29812092448 3111Fiona4B998

7、15322190 3219David4D229832122345 6789NameClassNoStudent IDTelAmy 4B19812092448 3111Fiona4B29815322244 5559Ben 4B 39834562445 4746David4B49832122345 6789Tim4B59867982211 5698Insert a new Record参与一個参与一個新紀錄新紀錄更新更新 Updating 是指對信息進行資訊處理，使信息的運用變得更容易To process information into a form that enables easy mani

8、pulation資訊處理資訊處理 Information Processing銀行的賬戶資料以資料表格的方式顯示，每行稱為一個記錄，每個記錄包含欄 Organise the information for a bank accounts in Table form. Each row is a Record and each column is a Field信息的組織信息的組織 Organisation of Information$998,899.00G284384(8)001-01-234587$88,000.00C823976(0)001-01-234577$18,280.00E762

9、398(9)001-01-234567$ 97,600.00G284384(8)001-01-234565$8,000.00A674309(1)001-01-234563$99,000.00C324564(4)001-01-234562賬戶結餘客戶身分證號碼賬戶號碼欄 Field選擇一個欄作為關鍵欄，藉以辨別每一個記錄 A field is chosen as the key field to identify each record賬戶號碼是獨一無二的，因此可用來作為關鍵欄 The field Bank Account Number is unique for every record. T

10、herefore, it is chosen to be the key field信息的組織信息的組織 Organisation of Information$998,899.00G284384(8)001-01-234587$88,000.00C823976(0)001-01-234577$18,280.00E762398(9)001-01-234567$ 97,600.00G284384(8)001-01-234565$8,000.00A674309(1)001-01-234563$99,000.00C324564(4)001-01-234562賬戶結餘客戶身分證號碼賬戶號碼賬戶號碼是獨

11、一無二賬戶號碼是獨一無二 Unique最後，將來自同一銀行各個分行的賬戶資料表格組合起來，便成為該銀行的賬戶資料數據庫Finally, tables of bank account information from various branches of the bank are grouped together to form a database for the bank數據庫的結構數據庫的結構 Structure of Database一個數據庫是由一組資料表格所組成 A database is a collection of tables一個資料表格是由一組相關的記錄所組成 A tab

12、le is a collection of related records一個記錄是由一組相關的欄所組成 A record is a group of related fields一個欄包含了屬某個特定類型的信息 A field contains a unit of information of a special kind數據庫的結構數據庫的結構 Structure of Database 資料表格的結構是以每個記錄中的欄的數目及各欄的屬性來定義的 The table structure is defined by the number of fields in a record 欄的屬性包

13、括欄名、欄類型和欄寬等the attributes of each field, such as field name, field type and field width相關資料表格相關資料表格 Related tables$88,000.00C823976(0)001-01-234577$998,899.00G284384(8)001-01-234587$18,280.00E762398(9)001-01-234567$97,600.00G284384(8)001-01-234565$8,000.00A674309(1)001-01-234563$99,000.00C324564(4)0

14、01-01-234562賬戶結餘賬戶結餘Balance身分證號碼身分證號碼 ID No. 賬戶號碼賬戶號碼 Account NoC823976(0)E762398(9)G284384(8)A674309(1)C324564(4)身分證號碼身分證號碼 ID No.28709812游永志游永志25636665董健華董健華29819070鍾國恩鍾國恩23415467陸應基陸應基26701211龔英常龔英常聯絡電話聯絡電話TEL.姓名姓名Name信息的轉化信息的轉化 Conversion of Information公共欄公共欄 Common field相關資料表格相關資料表格 Related tab

15、les$88,000.00C823976(0)001-01-234577$998,899.00G284384(8)001-01-234587$18,280.00E762398(9)001-01-234567$97,600.00G284384(8)001-01-234565$8,000.00A674309(1)001-01-234563$99,000.00C324564(4)001-01-234562賬戶結餘賬戶結餘Balance身分證號碼身分證號碼ID No.賬戶號碼賬戶號碼Account No.C823976(0)E762398(9)G284384(8)A674309(1)C324564(4

16、)身分證號碼身分證號碼ID No,28709812游永志游永志25636665董健華董健華29819070鍾國恩鍾國恩23415467陸應基陸應基26701211龔英常龔英常聯絡電話聯絡電話Tel姓名姓名Name$88,000.00游永志游永志001-01-234577$998,899.00鍾國恩鍾國恩001-01-234587$18,280.00董健華董健華001-01-234567$97,600.00鍾國恩鍾國恩001-01-234565$8,000.00陸應基陸應基001-01-234563$99,000.00龔英常龔英常001-01-234562賬戶結餘賬戶結餘BalanceName姓

17、名姓名賬戶號碼賬戶號碼 Account No,信息的轉化信息的轉化 Conversion of Information數據庫報表數據庫報表 Database Reports运用數據庫管理系統軟件包將信息运用數據庫管理系統軟件包將信息轉化成較容易閱讀的報表方式轉化成較容易閱讀的報表方式By using Database Management System (DBMS), information is converted into more readable report forms 電腦通常會被連接起來而构成網絡，藉此讓我們更容易傳送和共享信息Computers are usually link

18、ed up to form a network. It allows people to transmit and share information溝通和傳輸溝通和傳輸 Communication and Transmission數據及資訊處理的方式數據及資訊處理的方式Modes of Data and Information Processing 成批處理成批處理 Batch processing 實時處理實時處理 Real-time processing成批處理成批處理 Batch Processing 把搜集得的數據累積起來All data are collected into gro

19、ups 把數據排序後，一同輸入電腦來處理 Data are sorted into sequence before being processed together成批處理成批處理 的例子的例子Examples of Batch Processing 工資計算系統 Payroll system 處理考試成績 Processing examination marks成批處理的好處成批處理的好處 Advantages of Batch Processing 系統較易建立，符合經濟效益Economical: requires a simple set-up 運作本钱較低 Lower processi

20、ng cost 處理速度較高 High processing speed成批處理的缺點成批處理的缺點 Disadvantages of Batch Processing 搜集數據後會隔一段時間才進行處理，到時有關資料能够已經過時Takes place only after a certain period of time: information may be out-of-date 當處理大量數據時，需求花很長時間來等候完成整批數據的處理If a large amount of data are being processed, have to wait for a long time for the batch processing to be finishe