太阳能汽车技术英文版

1、评阅人Solar Powered Auto Technology学院：机械工程学院学期：2012-2013第一学期_课程：专业英语（一）专业:班级：学号：姓名：Solar Powered Auto TechnologySolar powered auto (Fig .1) is one kind of auto which is drive n by solar power. Compared to the conventional auto driven by heat engine, the solar powered auto has an obvious characteristic

2、of true zero discharge. Because of the environmental protect ion characteristic, solar powered auto is advocated in many coun tries.Fig .1 solar powered auto1. The history and current situation of solar powered auto.The early solar powered autos are made in Mexico, which look like three-wheel motorc

3、ycle. And there is solar cells shed on its roof, which supply electrical en ergy to automobile un der the sun light, making the car speed of 40 km per. This kind of autos just contains 40 minutes electricity per day so it can not go far away. Danish adventurer and environmentalist Han Sisi designed

4、and built the first solar powered auto named quiet arrivals ”.ln September 1984, thesun was successfully developed inChi na, and drove in to qin zhe ng palace in Beiji ng Zhongnan hai. This also shows that our country has reached world advaneed level in the development of new types of auto. Nowadays

5、 many coun tries in the world are develop ing this kind of auto, and take part in competition. For example, world solar rally competition held in Australia in November 1987 draws 25 solar powered autos from seve n coun tries participat ing in this competiti on. In this con test,San Leahy Luftha nsa

6、of the America n won the firstprize with a result in 44hours 54 minutes. Chinasolar powered career started late, themost solar powered auto development work is carried out by the institution and research institutes. In China s State Intellectual Property Office and solar-related pate nts, a large pa

7、rt of pate nts are related to solar water heaters, few of them directly associated with the solar powered auto .In gen eral, there are some characteristics of our country solar powered autos:(1) The application of solar powered auto normally just invoIves the auxiliary power system of auto. The en e

8、rgy provided by the solar cell can only be used for theauto electrical equipments, instruments, etc. or charging the battery. Today some parts of autos add a solar battery in skylight at its top, which drive auto-mounted air-c on diti on to work through con troller and in verter.(2) In the pate nt,

9、which see the solar power as driv ing en ergy share small part pro rata. Some part of solar power is used for electric bicycle or mini cars but the en ergy that is provided by solar power just acco unts for only 30% of the required drive en ergy.In September 1984, China successfully first developed

10、solar powered auto named Sun : which was developed by Huang Shengpu and other five people ofMetal newtech no logy developme nt compa ny in Hubei provin ce. They spe nt 56 days on it. In 1996, Tsin ghua Un iversity refer to Japa n Noto con test specificati ons, developed the Day solar powered auto co

11、st $ 78,000. Its weight is about 800 kg, and the maximum speed approach to 80 km/h. The use of solar pan els is fifth gen erati on products of our country. The car use a conversion efficiency of 14% of a rectangular single-crystal silicon cell array, in the good illumination (ground sunshine intensi

12、ty is 1000W/m2), which send the 800W power to the DC brushless motor. Day is the first gen erati on solar powered auto to participate in international competition. In 2001, Shanghai Jiaotong university design and manufacture a solar powered auto named Think The comma nder, the width and the height i

13、s respectively 2100 mm, 860 mm and 800 mm.Its structure and power is similar to the Day. However, due to it uses the series resista nee to con trol the speed, which is low en ergy utilizati on; its speed is only 20 to 36 km/h. The Nin th Natio nal Uni versity Challe nge Cup ” tourname nt held in 200

14、5, another solar powered auto of Shanghai Jiaotong University participated in the competiti on. All of these attempts in dicate the solar powered auto is gradually mature. So far, the applicatio n of solar power in the auto tech no logy invo Ives tow aspect: first, as the driv ing force, sec ond, as

15、 the en ergy of auto auxiliary equipme nt. First kind of applicati on gen erally uses a special device to absorb solar en ergy and the n cha nge into electricity to drive the car running. While the auto auxiliary en ergy mainly is used in auxiliary application of electricity equipment, but most ener

16、gy still is supplied by fuel.(1) Solar en ergy as the key driv ing force to drive car.Solar power in place of the traditi on fuel as the driv ing force en tirely, which is a dream of gen erati ons of auto workers. 1982 Australia ns Hans and Park in used glass fiber and alu minum to manu facture a so

17、lar powered auto. The auto top is equipped with a device, which can absorb solar power to charge tow batteries, and the batteries provide power to engine. On December 19, they drive this solar powered auto, starti ng from the west coast of Australia Perth ” across the Australia con ti nent; fin ally

18、 reach the east coast of Sydney. What a pioneering work! This kind of auto is quite different from traditional auto, whatever in shape or operating principle. The solar powered auto has no engine, chassis, drive, gearbox and other comp onen ts, but solar pan els, electrical equipme nt and motor. It

19、can directly cha nge the solar power to electrical en ergy, and the n con sume electrical en ergy to drive auto moving. Now this kind of solar powered auto shighest speed can reach more tha n 100km/h, eve n its speed would keep in 100km/h without sun light. There is ano ther con cept of the solar po

20、wered auto, which in stall the battery con figurati on in stead of photovoltaic panel on body. It looks like curre nt auto in appeara nee, but you have to ofte n go to solar power stati on to charge it.(2) Solar power as the auxiliary en ergyPower of traditi onal autos is gen erally in the tens of k

21、ilowatts, but the solar radiati on power at most 1kw/m2, the curre nt photoelectric con versi on efficie ncy is less than 30%. So it is difficult to do with the car body. However, the traditi onal car can use solar en ergy as an auxiliary power to reduce the conven ti onal fuel con sumpti on. The ap

22、plicati on has follow ing kinds of forms:First, solar power used in auxiliary charg ing en ergy of auto battery.It will continue to charge the battery when you do not use the car, which is in stalled solar battery, So as to avoid excessively dischargi ng the battery. Japa n Yingqing Uni versity desi

23、g ned a con cept auto called Luciole, its colors like firefly. It has bee n exhibited in Beiji ng, posted a n early square meters of high conv ersi on efficie ncy of photovoltaic pan els in the roof, so as to charge 12 volt battery. When the 12 volt is full, it will charge the mai n battery. When th

24、e main battery is full, this con cept auto can travel 800 kilometers.Sec ond, solar power used to drive the fan and auto air con diti on system.When car is parked in the sun, air in the car does not circulate, so the car becomes the gree nhouse that collects solar power. It in creases the temperatur

25、e in side the car, which release large amounts of harmful substa nces. If the solar devices were in stalled in the car, such as the solar fan, which can provide fresh air without consuming fuel en ergy and good air con diti on.2. The characteristic of solar powered auto.(1) No polluti on, no no ise.

26、 Because there is no fuel, solar powered autos do not discharge harmful gases to the atmosphere; no internal combustio n engine, you can not hear the no ise of fuel auto engin e. If solar powered auto to replace gas vehicles, which can reduce 43% to 54% of carb on dioxide emissi ons per auto and wil

27、l solve the en vir onmen tal polluti on caused by auto exhaust gas.(2) Compared to the in ternal combusti on auto, practical solar powered auto has alot of adva ntages in additi on to traveli ng speed. First, solar powered auto con sume less en ergy which just n eeds 3-4 square meters of solar comp

28、onents to drive the car. But the combusti on auto has to comply with the Carnot cycle to work in the en ergy conversion process, whose thermal efficiency is low. Only about 1/3 energy be con sumed in driv ing the car, the rema ining 2/3 en ergy loss in the engine and drive chain. On the contrary, wi

29、thout restrictions of the Carnot cycle, 90% energy of the solar powered auto uses to work.(3) Easy to drive. Without electric ignition, you just need simply press the accelerator pedal to start. Do not need to shift and clutch, which simplify the complexity of driv in g. It is suitable for wome n an

30、d the elderly.(4) Due to the simple structure, i n additi on to the regular replaceme nt, basically you do not n eed to have a daily maintenan ce, which leave out the trouble of excha ngethe engine oil. Small body can easily turn the car docking with the crowded urban park ing lot.3. The existi ng t

31、ech no logy and new tech no logy of solar powered autoIn spite of their pote ntial in terest, solar hybrid cars have received relatively littleattention in literature. An innovative prototype has been developed at Western Washington University in the 90, adopting very advaneed solutions for material

32、s, aerodynamic drag reduction and PV power maximization with peak power tracking. Another study on a solar hybrid auto has been presented by Japanese researcher, with PV pan els located on the roof and on the win dows of the car. Fuel con sumpti on sav ings up to 90% could be achieved in some con di

33、ti ons. A further prototype of solar hybrid car powered with a gasoli ne engine and an electric engine has bee n proposed and tested by other Japa nese researchers. In this case, a releva nt amount of the solar power was provided by PV pan els located at the park ing place, while only a small fracti

34、 on was supplied by pan els on the car. The hybridizati on lead to a sig nifica nt weight in crease, due to the adopti on of lead batteries, probably tooheavy for suchapplicati on.Although these studies dem on strate the gen eral feasibility of this idea, a systematic approach to the desig n of a so

35、lar hybrid auto seems still miss ing. Moreover, the tech no logical sce nario is rapidly cha nging, and new comp onents and solutio ns can be available. In the follow ing, a study on the optimal siz ing of a solar hybrid car will be prese nted.A parametric study on global en ergy flows and on the we

36、ight of comp onents for a solar hybrid auto with series architecture has bee n prese nted. It has bee n show n that sig nifica nt sav ings in fuel con sumpti on and emissi on, up to 40% depe nding on latitude and seas on, can be obta ined with an in termitte nt use of the auto at limited average pow

37、er, compatible with typical PV pan els and with realistic data and assumpti ons on the achievable net solar power for propulsion. The future adoption of photovoltaic pan els of last gen erati on, with nominal efficie ncies approach ing30%, may result incomplete solar aut onomy of this kind of auto f

38、or such uses.By adopt ing up to date tech no logy for electric motor and gen erator, batteries and chassis, power to weight ratio comparable with the ones of commercial cars can be achieved, thus assuring acceptable vehicle performanee. Further studies seem n ecessary to exte nd this an alysis to ot

39、her con figurati ons (i.e. parallel hybrid auto) to estimate the solar power achievable with more articulate geometrical distribution of the PV pan els, could be n eeded.The actual and future costs of the various alter natives should be con sidered, to verify the practical applicability of the propo

40、sed auto for commercial use. Although this proposal seems still far from econo mic feasibility, it is reas on able to expect further reduct ions in costs for PV pan els, batteries and adva need electric motors and gen erators, while unfortun ately further in creases in fuel cost could be excluded. M

41、oreover, the rece nt and somewhat surpris ing commercial success of some electrical hybrid cars indicates that there are grounds for hope that a significant number of users are already willi ng to spe nd some money to con tribute to save the pla net from polluti on, climate cha nges and resource dep

42、leti on.4. The developme nt directi on of the future solar powered auto tech no logyThe solar powered apply in automobile mai nly have three kinds of ways, the first application is used to be the auxiliary battery in the traditional car, rather to be the driving force to drive the car. It can not dr

43、ive the air condition compressor, for the power of air con diti on compressor is too big. The solar power just can drive the fan in the air con diti on, as the auxiliary power. The sec ond applicatio n is used to charge, for example, put a lot of solar pan els un der the sunshine, in order to collec

44、t the solar power, which is used to charge the car. The third applicati on is used to be the solar hydroge n product ion.However, the solar power is used to the direct power in the car, which is the direct way. Because of the solar in stability, solar power dispersi on (about 1 Kw/square meter) as w

45、ell as the low efficie ncy of solar power collectio n device and the high cost. So it is hard for solar power to be the direct power in automobile. So the solar powered auto is in con cept state mostly.The future solar powered auto (Fig. 2) has followi ng developme nt trend(1) The photoelectric con

46、versi on efficie ncy of solar pan els improves gradually.(2) There is eno ugh battery sav ing qua ntity, eve n in the cloudy day the solar powered auto still have high speed.(3) The cost of solar powered auto reduces a lot, and gradually en ters the mark and the families. Not only the adult can drive it, but also the young as well as the old can drive it. Every one enjoys driv ing.(4) The speed of solar powered auto can reach the sta ndard of moder n