2016名词性从句

1、一、认识名词性从句陈述句We can get more people to help in the work.I think (that )we can get more people to help in the work.（宾语从句）My idea is that we can get more people to help in the work. （表语从句）That we can get more people to help in the work is a good idea.（主语从句）Its a good idea that we can get more people to

2、 help in the work. （主语从句）You have to think about the fact that we can get more people to help in the work.（同位语从句）一般疑问句Are you free tomorrow? He asked if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （宾语从句）His doubt is if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （表语从句）If/whether I will be free tomorrow is not known.（主语从句

3、） It is not known if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （主语从句）I have no idea if/whether I will be free tomorrow. （同位语从句）特殊疑问句Where did he hide the money? Who has taken away my bag? How did you know my address? No one knows where he hid the money. ( )Where he hid the money is to be found out. ( ) My co

4、nfusion is where he hid the money. ( )There is no answer to the question where he hid the money. ( ) 二、名词性从句的一般引导词1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，无含义，不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如：I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。2. 连接词 whether 和 if也不作句子成分，但有含义，表示“是

5、否”；比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代a. whether引导主语从句并在句首Whether he will come is not clear.b. 引导表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether it s worth trying.We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it .c. whether从句作介词宾语Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.

6、d. 从句后有or not I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.e. whether 可与不定式搭配，if 不能She hasnt decided whether to go or not.练习1). I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2). I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3). The question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have en

7、ough money.4). _ they can do it matters little to us.5)._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.3. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which whichever,等，在从句中均有含义(多数是其疑问句中本意)，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：Thats why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到

8、没有关系。Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。4. 连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why, how many, how much, how often等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如：The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。When shell be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。Why he did it

9、 will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。另外，引导表语从句的还有 as if, as though, because 等词。三、学习各种名词性从句1. 备考主语从句应注意以下三点一是从句作主语，主句谓语动词用第三人称单数；二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语，尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that中，或在It seems / happens that中，或疑问句中；三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语。It is a pity that you didnt go to se

10、e the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.Whoever comes to the club is welcome.2. 备考宾语从句应注意以下四点一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句；二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时，要

11、用it作形式宾语，而将that从句置于补语之后；三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时，若宾语从句要表示否定意义，往往要通过否主句来实现，即所谓否定转移；四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时，that不能省略；that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略；that从句单独回答问题时，that也不能省略。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.I know nothin

12、g about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .I dont think the dress fits you wellI know (that) he has just graduated from college and that he is looking for a job. He said, in a sad voice, that all the harvest was

13、 destroyed by the wild animals.He told us that he is going abroad for further education.注：有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to, depend on 等I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take i

14、t that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.3. 备考表语从句应注意以下三点一是除that, whether和疑问词外，as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句；二要注意“thats why+结果”以及“thats because+原因”的区别；三是注意the reason (why / for) is that句式。It looks as if it is going to rain

15、.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.That is because he didnt come to the meeting.4. 备考同位语从句应注意以下三点一是同位语从句多在news, order, word (=news / order), idea, hope, suggestion, information, plan, thought, doubt, fear, belief等抽象名词后，说明其具体内容；二是同位语从句与所说明的名词有时会被谓语所分开，做题时需注意；三是引导同位语从句的有that, whether和连接副词when,

16、where, why, how等，但绝大多数由that引导，注意同位语从句不能用which引导。The news that we won the game is exciting.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.I have no idea when he will come back home.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.Several years later，word came that Napoleon himse

17、lf was coming to inspect them The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： (1) The news that he told me is that

18、Tom would go abroad next year. (2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(1) The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.(2) The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)

19、The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 四、that与what引导名词性从句的区别that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。The police learned that he wasnt there

20、 at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意识到她也精疲力尽。1) _you said yesterday is right.2) _she is still alive is a good thing. 五、关系词 what引导名词性从句的五种用法一、用法归纳1. 表示“的东西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secre

21、tary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。2. 表示“的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“的数量或数目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in

22、our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5. 表示“的地方”：This is what they ca

23、ll Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆六、whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是.，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。Whoever comes

24、 to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。Whosever book is overdue will be fi

25、ned. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。比较：连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语）You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）七、误区点拨1what与that(1)【误】 All what he did was for you

26、. 【正】 What he did was for you. 【正】 All that he did was for you. (2)【误】 I was thinking that I could do for you. 【正】 I was thinking what I could do for you. 【解析】 what引导名词性从句，what相当于the thing that/ the that/ all that等，具体的意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中，what既有意义，又在从句中作一定的成分，而that无意义，且在从句中不作成分。2who与 whoever【误】 Who is

27、 the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Whoever is the first to come will get a gift. 【正】 Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift. 【解析】 whoever引导名词性从句，意为“无论谁”，相当于anyone who；而who意为“谁”。3whether与if(1)【误】 They dont know if to go there. 【正】 They dont know whether to go there. (2)【误】 It depends on

28、 if we have enough time. 【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time. 4whoever 与whomever【误】 Please give the book to whomever needs it most. 【正】 Please give the book to whoever needs it most. 【解析】 此处，whoever在从句中作主语，因此不能用whomever。名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。5【误】 He will win the match is certain. 【正】 That he will win the match is certain. 【正】 It is certain that he will win the match. 【解析】 that位于句首引导主语从句时，不能省略。6【误】 What we bought was some bananas. 【正】 What we bought were some bananas. 【解析】 what 引导的从句作主语时，若表示复数概念，谓语动词则用复数。7名词性从句的语序