人教版英语选修7Unit 2 Grammar

1、 The passive Infinitive语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语语态当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态。语态。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态：被动语态被动语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，

2、原来的主语变成了介词成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by by 的的宾语。宾语。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+ done (+ by)“be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化，不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。语态语态 时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have

3、done to have been done进行式进行式 to be doing/完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing/ 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。式和完成进行式没有被动语态。 1作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.

4、 To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good thing. 2作宾语：作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.I wish to be sent to work in the famous hospital. 一一 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定时当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定时一般要用被动形式。一般要用被动形式。3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt

5、like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? Do you have anything to be sent?6作状语：作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.In the noisy hall he had to shout t

6、o be heard.当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一当不定式与它所修饰的名词为动宾关系时一般用被动形式。般用被动形式。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）（复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into m

7、any languages. （复合谓语）（复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）（定语） 不定式的动作与句子谓语同时用不定式的动作与句子谓语同时用to be done;先于谓语用先于谓语用to have been done.三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在在there be结构中。结构中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be

8、lost).三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动1在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with2.在在“tooto do; enoughto”结结构中。构中。如

9、：如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.3在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。例如：例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema4当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today (I是是to type的逻辑主语的

10、逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)5当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中结构中 时。时。例如：例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house6一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有常见的这类动词有let(出租出租)，rent， hire，blame等。等

11、。例如：例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。用主动语态形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today.The task is difficult to finish on time.不定式的被动语态，不定式的被动语态，V-ing的被动及物动的被动及物动词过去分词的不同

12、点：词过去分词的不同点： The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. (表将来） The question being discussed now is a very important one.（表正在进行） The question discussed at yesterdays meeting is very important one.（表示发生在过去或已经完成） 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but

13、 it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenExercise B 2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. toldB 3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything. A. to tell B. to be

14、told C. to be telling D. to have been toldD 4. Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingA 5. It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things. Now people are used to_ plastics products. A. make; using B. making; using C. making; use D

15、. make; useA 6. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settledC7. He_ and was made to repeat it. A. didnt understand B. didnt be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understoodD 8. The pupils here_ all kinds of exer

16、cises every day in the past four weeks. A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doingD 9. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requestedD 10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is se

17、rving B. is served C. serves D. servedB1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 不定式与高考题不定式与高考题2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. Expected B. to expect C.

18、 to be expecting D. expects3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. seen C. seeing D. to be seen 4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much5._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考)