初中英语动词的时态(教案)

1、初中英语语法动词的时态（教案）一般现在时一要点提示一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但是当主语是第三人称单数或者单数名词时，动词的形式要发生变化，其变化规律是：1. 一般动词后加-s, 如：wears, reads, plays, likes, 2.以s, x, ch, sh,o结尾，后加-es, 如：watches, brushes, goes3.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es, 如：worries, carries. 4.元音字母+y结尾，直接加-s5.Be动词一般现在时的特殊形态是：am, is, are。Have的第三人称单数是has二用法指南一般现在时的用法1) 表示经常性或习惯

2、性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 表示现在的状态、特征、能力、性格等。 I know him very well.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。4) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.5）在时间条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表将

3、来（主将从现）If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.三. 一般现在时态的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式肯定形式是用动词原形，be动词用am, is, are, 注：动词的第三人称单数形式的变化；否定形式是在be动词后加否定词not(缩写成isnt, arent, am与not不能缩写),或者添加助动词do/does加not再加动词原形(缩写成dont/doesnt). 疑问形式是把be动词或助动词do/does提置句首, 动词还原，句末问号，人称上第一人称变第二人称，第二人称变第一人称或不变，第三人称不变。四与一般现在时连用的时间状语 表示频度

4、的副词：always总是, often经常,usually通常, seldom很少, never从不, sometimes有时 On Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every day, every year Once a year, twice a month, three times a week等表频率的词组练习 根据汉语意思填空：It often snows here. 这儿经常下雪。Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.王安的英语写得好，但说得不好。If I get this amount

5、of money, Ill have chance to go to America.如果我得到这笔钱，我将有机会去美国。一般过去时一要点提示一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作，动词用过去式（即动词-ed形式）,动词过去式的变化规律：一般动词词尾加-edwalked, looked, finished以字母e结尾的动词后直接加-dlived, decided, noticed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edhurried, carried以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopped, stepped还有一些动词的过去式是不规则变化

6、dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam二用法指南一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year), (an hour) ago, in 1982, just now等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their

7、visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： a. It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去

8、时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。三一般过去时的肯定形式动词用过去式，否定形式用did+not+动词原形（did not缩写成didnt），疑问形式用Did +主语+动词原形+？一般将来时一要点提示一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用（tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week (year, term), in (two days), soon, the day after tomorrow等。二用法指南一般将

9、来时的结构及用法1) shall/will + 动词原形， shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替，will 用于各人称，表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。Which paragraph shall I read first.？Students will use computers to learn.2)be going to +动词原形，表示打算，计划要做的事或根据有把握的判断要发生的事。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced nex

10、t month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)be to +动词原形，表示已作出的决定，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +动词原形，表示即刻，马上要发生的动作。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Be 动词的形式与主语保持一直。5）be d

11、oing现在进行时表将来，, 这样的动词有go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等，表即将发生或安排好的事情 We are leaving for London next week.三. 某些将来时结构在用法上的区别 1）以下情况只用shall/will，不用be going tol 表示有礼貌的询问或客气地邀请，如：Will you please lend me your bike?l 表示意愿;We will help him if he asks us.l 表示单纯的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关，如：The sun will rise at 6:30 t

12、omorrow morning.2）be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事；be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)四一般将来时的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式肯定形式正常语序，否定形式在be动词或will/shall后加not，疑问形式把be动词或shall/will提置句首。练习 根据汉语意思填空：Will you be at home at sev

13、en this evening? 今天晚上7点你会在家吗？Will you turn on the light? 你能开下灯吗？The train is about to start. 火车马上就要开了。现在进行时一要点提示现在进行时的结构：be (am, is, are) + 现在分词（即动词-ing形式）。否定形式是在be后加not，疑问形式是把be动词提置句首。动词现在分词的变化规律：动词后直接加-ingworking, buying, visiting以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，然后再加-ingtaking, having, leaving以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭

14、音节，双写末尾辅音字母，然后加-ingstopping, running, swimming少数几个ie结尾的动词，要变ie为y，再加-ingdie-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying二用法指南现在进行时的基本用法：1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。 We are waiting for you.2） 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3

15、） 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4） 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往 带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.注意：当时间状语为now, these days或句中含有look, listen, can you see, cant you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。三

16、. 不用进行时的动词1) 表归属的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand,

17、 love, hate等。 I need your help. He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。 I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。 You seem a little tired.练习 判断正误，并改错（如有）：Im preferring apple to pear. I pre

18、fer apple to pear.Im going to Beijing this evening. Im reading books on Sunday usually. I read books on Sunday usually.过去进行时一 要点提示过去进行时的构成：由be的过去式（was/were）+ 现在分词（doing）构成，主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。其否定式在was/were加not缩写成wasnt/werent，疑问式把was/were提前。二 用法指南1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这个动作或情况在这以前已经开始了，但还没完成或结束。通

19、常和时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday, at ten yesterday连用 This time last year I was living in New York.去年这个时候我住在纽约。What were you doing at 10 oclocl last night ?昨天晚上10点钟你在干什么？2.过去进行时和一般过去时经常在同一个句子里使用，表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的进行中，状语从句往往由连词等引导。Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 汤姆在做饭时烫伤了手

20、。While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. 我在花园干活时，弄伤了后背。3.过去进行时也可与always等表频率的副词连用，表过去频繁发生的动作 Alice was always changing her mind.4. 在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句中 当主句动作先于从句动作，且进行时间较长时，主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时 He was reading when I came in.当从句动作先于主句动作，且进行时间较长时，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时 I left the house when he wa

21、s cooking. 主从句动作同时发生或无所谓先后，主从句可都用过去进行时，此时用while引导 I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.现在完成时态一 要点提示1 现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“ have/has + 过去分词 ”构成注意：规则动词的过去分词的构成与动词过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词需牢记现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式以及简略回答：肯定式：I / We / You / They have cleaned the room . He / She has cleaned the room .否定式

22、：I / We / You / They have not / havnt cleaned the room . He / She has not / hasnt cleaned the room .疑问式：Have I / we / you / they cleaned the room ? Has he / she cleaned the room ?简略回答：肯定Yes, I / we / you / they have . 否定No, I / we / you / they have not / havnt . 肯定Yes, he / she has . 否定 No, he / she

23、 has not / hasnt .二 用法指南在英语中，有两种用法：1现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这种用法有时不带时间状语，有时同just, already, yet, recently, never, ever, before 等表示不确定时间的副词连用。Ive just sent a fax to them. 我刚刚给他们发了一份传真。The film hasnt started yet. 电影还没有开始。-Have you typed my letter already ?-Yes, I have. 你已经把我的信打好了吗？已经打好了。Weve b

24、ought a new house. 我们已经买了座新房子。注意：在有表示过去的时间状语（last, yesterday, ago, when等）时，不能用现在完成时。2 现在完成时表示开始于过去并持续到现在（也许还会持续下去）的动作或状态 现在完成时的这种用法通常与since 和for 连用。 Since + 时间点（如2 oclock, last night在since引导的从句中一般用过去时） For + 时间段（如，three days, two years ）They have lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就住在这里了。He has been he

25、re since two oclock. 他从十点种就在这里了。Ive known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。注意：have gone (to) 表示“到某地去了”，此时人还在那里。 -Where is Tom ? -He has gone to London. 汤姆在哪儿？ 他已经去伦敦了。 have been (to) 表示“到过某地”，此时人并不在那里。 I have been to the Great Wall of China twice. 我去过两次中国的长城。 现在完成时与so far (到目前为止), up till now (直到现在) 等

26、短语连用Up till now Ive only learned a thousand English words. 到现在我只学了1000个英语单词。3.延续性动词与瞬间动词延续性动词和瞬间动词都可用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与一段时间连用。如要使用，必须变形为延续性动词或使用否定式。I havent gone to see him for several months.瞬间动词的变形：buyhave borrowkeep, openbe open, closebe closedbegin,startbe on, comebe here, gobe there, finishb

27、e overdiebe dead, catch a coldhave a cold, put onwearget upbe up, wake upbe awake, fall asleepbe asleeplosenot have, joinbe in, leavebe away, arrive/reachbe练习 判断正误并改错（如有）:It is two years since the old man will die. It is two years since the old man died.Ive left this school for eight years. Ive been

28、 away this school for eight years.He hasnt been here for a week. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 时态方面现在完成时一般过去时侧重点过去动作对现在的影响或结果；过去的动作，与现在无关动作的延续/时间状语Already, yet, still,just, so far, in the last/ past, before, ever, never, since+时间点，for+时间段Ago,yesterday, last, in 2000, just now一般过去时与过去进行时的区别一般过去时过去进行时侧重点过去某个时间有个动作发生

29、了（完成）过去某个时间，有个动作正在进行（是否完成不明确）时间状语last night, yesterday, last week, in 1995, the other day, at that time, just nowthen, at that time, this time yesterday, at 10 oclock yesterday课堂练习：1. I will tell him as soon as he _B_ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary _A_ on shoes when she _ them.A. t

30、riesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _B_ cold when she _.A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee4. _D_ he _ himself there? No, I dont think so. A. Doenjoy B. Does enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy5. _B_ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly. A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive6. I _B_ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday. A. gogo B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going7. Look, they_D_ a good time, _ they ? A. havedo B. havedont C. are ha