土木工程英语1

1、 Rigid element beam, column or strut, arch, flat plate, singly-curved plate, and shellFlexible elements cable (straight or draped) and membraneDerived elements frame, truss, geodesic dome, netAnimategusset 5Qsit角撑板Chord kC:d铉Square truss is unstable Square frameA truss is a structure made by assembl

2、ing individual linear elements arranged in a triangle or combined triangles to form a framework.Pinned connection at intersections.Members are in compression or tension.CTCCTForces in Truss MembersTrusschordchordwebA truss composed of discrete elements is bent in an overall way under the action of a

3、n applied transverse loading in much the same way that a beam is bent. Individual truss members, however, are not subject to bending but are only either compressed or pulled upon. ArchPure compressionConcrete archSteel archTruss space frameCylindrical barrel shells（柱筒形壳）St Jacobs CathedralStone dome

4、 Stone dome concrete domeRoof of Panthenon （concrete dome) 米兰大教堂cable-suspended membrane structureRadial pleated （褶皱） suspended tensile structureLoss of Overall /Global stability (整体稳定）Loss of Internal stabilityLoss of Strength and stiffness of constituent elementsOverturn (lateral force, self-weigh

5、t)Slide (lateral force, self-weight)Twist (lateral force, self-weight)Solution for overall instability Deep foundation Wide foundationSolution for internal instabilityGlobal stabilityGlobal InstabilityGlobal stability: solutionMember under Internal Forces - the action of an external force on a structure produces internal forces within a structure :TensionCompressionBendingTorsionBearing Internal forces stress and strainDeflection (excessive deformation)Animatesinglebrace.swfAnimatesinglebracereverse.swfConcrete frame building with a shear wall in t