初中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1、Revision ofRevision ofNon-restrictive Attributive Non-restrictive Attributive ClausesClausesGrammarFinish the following sentences.1. He has two sons _ work in the same place. 2. He has two sons, _ work in the same place. 3. They gave up the plan _ they worked out yesterday. 4. They gave up the plan,

2、 _ was a very good one. whowhothat/whichwhich1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切先行词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主句写时不用逗号和主句分开。分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切和主句的关系并不十分

3、密切,只是对先只是对先行词做些附加说明行词做些附加说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用一般不用that引导。引导。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式上上 不用逗号不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开与主句隔开用逗号用逗号“ ，”与主与主句隔开句隔开 意意义义上上 是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删少的定语，如删除，主句则失去除，主句则失去意义或意思表达意义或意思表达不完整不完整 只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充

4、说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句 译法上译法上 译成先行词的定译成先行词的定语：语：“的的 ” 通常译成主句通常译成主句的并列句的并列句 关系词的关系词的使用上使用上 1. 作宾语时可作宾语时可省略省略1. 不可省略不可省略 2. 可用可用that 2. 不用不用that 3. 可用可用who 代代替替whom 3. 不可用不可用who

5、 代替代替whom 1. A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.一、限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，一、限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整

6、；非如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不

7、明限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。确，所以不能省略。All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图里面都有漂亮的图画。画。二、二、 有时同一个限制性从句变为非有时同一个限

8、制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）（杂志只有一种）His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.三、三、 当先行词是地名人名、世界当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。Shanghai, which is in the east of China, is developing rapidly.五、五、 非限制性定语从句

9、和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.3. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem 非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：a.非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中, 指物时指物时, 用用which而而不用不用th

10、at。Football, which is a very interestinggame, is played all over the world.All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.Tipsb. 指人时主格用指人时主格用who,宾格用宾格用whom,物物主格用主格用whose(也可指物也可指物)。 Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher. The Arabs, who are famous

11、for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports. Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.c. 另外关系副词另外关系副词when(指时间指时间), where (指地点指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从也可以引导非限制性定语从句句(注意关系副词注意关系副词why不能引导非限制不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用性定语从句，要用for which代替代替why) He lives in the cit

12、y, where there is a high tower. The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。去开会。 I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。

13、(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是常是常见搭配。见搭配。) d. 介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。从句。 Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much. Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not been found. The story about the Long March, of which this is an example, are well written.在在of

14、 which/whom之前可以使用表达之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。数量或定位的数词或代词。I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health.Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets.There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.e. as, which 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 由由a

15、s, which 引导的非限定性定语从句引导的非限定性定语从句, as和和which可代整个主句，相当于可代整个主句，相当于and this或或and that。As位置灵活位置灵活, 有有“正如正如”之意之意, which在句中。在句中。Smoking, as we know, is harmful to ones health. The sun sends out light and heat, whichmakes it possible for living things to existon the earth. 1. as 既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况既可以指前面提到过的事实或情

16、况, 因此因此as 可以放在句首、句末可以放在句首、句末, 也可以插入主句中也可以插入主句中, 而而which 指前面提到的事实或情况指前面提到的事实或情况, 一般放在主句之后一般放在主句之后 (有时也可用有时也可用as)。 如：如： As our teacher points out, that book is of benefit to everyone. Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating 2. As 含有正

17、如、按照、正像之意含有正如、按照、正像之意, as 一般用一般用 在肯定句中在肯定句中, 而而 which 则可以用于含否定则可以用于含否定 意义的句子中，如：意义的句子中，如： He failed in the exam again, as was expected. He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected 3. 下列固定结构下列固定结构, 一般不能用一般不能用which, 如：如： as has been said before 如前所述如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样正像经常发生的那样 as is

18、well known 众所周知众所周知 as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图将如图3所示所示 as we know 正如我们知道的那样正如我们知道的那样 as may be imagined 这可以想象得出来这可以想象得出来 as we all can see 正如我们大家看到的那样正如我们大家看到的那样 as follows 如下如下1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 此为非限定性从句此为非限定性从句,不能用不能用

19、that修饰修饰,而用而用which. it 和和he 都使后句成为句子都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选且选he句意不通。句意不通。CUse your head! 2.The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it which可代替句子可代替句子, 用于非限定性定语从句用于非限定性定语从句,而而what不可。不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句不能用于非限定性定语从句, it不

20、为连词不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。英语语法上行不通。 B3. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. that B. which C. as D. it 4. She is a teacher of much knowledge, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whomBD5. China has many rivers, _the Changji

21、ang River is the longest. A. which B. in which C. among which D. one of whichC6. A. Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B. Pisa is a city, _there is a leaning tower. A. which B. that C. where D. thereAC7. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_ ,of course, made the others unh

22、appy. A. Who B. which C. this D. what 8. Do you know the reason _ he was late? A. that B. which C. for what D. for whichBD9. I have bought two ball pens , _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them10. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years p

23、arty was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which BC11. This is the very knife _ I used to cut apples yesterday. A. that B. by which C. which D. with whichD12. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a hospital. A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east

24、of it D. in the east of that 13. My brothers purse, _ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that 14. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those 15. The computer, _ he paid ￥3,000, wa

25、s once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that 16. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 17. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it 18. Mary has two bro

26、thers, _ are doctors. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both19. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose高考链接高考链接- 20101. (10福建福建24) Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only plan

27、et _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. whereC. which D. whose 2. (10湖南湖南28) Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. whichBA 高考链接高考链接- 20091. ( 09山东山东 24 ) Whenever I met her, _ was fairly oft

28、en, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A.who B. which C. when D. that 2. (09宁夏海南宁夏海南28) She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. theseBC高考链接高考链接- 20081. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆重庆) A. where B.

29、 there C. which D. when2. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08山东山东)A. who B. which C. why D. whenA D 3. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. (08北京卷北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. where4. All the neighbor admire this family, _ the parents are tr