平江路中英文

1、平江路历史文化街区旅游发展潜力实证研究一、 平江路简介1.1“先有平江府,再有苏州城。”平江，原为苏州府之名。据历史载：宋政和三年（1113）正月，升苏州为平江府，平江之名自此始。平江路位于苏州古城东北隅，东起外环城河，西至临顿路，南起干将路，北至白塔东路面积约为116.5公顷，该区域在1986年经国务院批准的苏州市城市总体规划中被划为绝对保护区。其核心价值在于完整保存了公元前514年吴国伍子胥构建阖闾大城时设计的河街相邻、水路并行的双棋盘的独特城市格局，是苏州古城迄今为止传统城市格局、建筑风貌和生活习俗保存最完整的一个区域，被誉为苏州古城的缩影。 According to historica

2、l records, it was in lunar January, the third year of the emperor Songhuizongs governance (1113) that the government granted Suzhou as Pingjiang Prefecture . Henceforth, the name of Pingjiang had its existence.Pingjiang Street is located in the north-east of Suzhou with outer city ring river in the

3、east, Lindun Road in the east, Ganjiang Road in the south and the East Baita Road in the north. It approximately covers a gross area of 116.5 hectares. In 1986, Pingjiang Street was selected as the protection zone according to the Overall City Planning of Suzhou approved by the State Council. The co

4、re value of this region lies in the integrated preservation of the double-chessboard layout of Suzhou, with the streets and rivers going side by side while the water and land routes running in parallel, designed by Wu Zixu who established the Helv City in 514 BC. This street, with traditional city l

5、ayout, original architectural style and the living habits is the best preserved zone in ancient city of Suzhou so far. It is also praised as the Ancient City of Suzhou in miniature.平江路现存的整体布局已经历千年之久，仍然保持着“小桥流水、粉墙黛瓦”的江南水城风貌，积淀着深厚的文化底蕴，聚集了极为丰富的历史遗存和人文景观。昆曲博物馆、评弹博物馆都是中国非物质文化遗产的重要载体。1条 青石板路延续了平江路的千年历史，也

6、演绎着姑苏原汁原味的市井生活，漫步其中，可享受古今，聆听青石板传递的千年回音。The existing overall layout of Pingjiang Street has a history of more than one thousand years. However, it still remains the waterside town style, with small bridges over the flowing rivers and white walls and dark tiles, which accumulates deep cultural deposit

7、s and gathers extremely plentiful historical relics and human landscapes. Both Kun Opera Museum and Pingtan Museum are the important carriers of Chinas intangible cultural heritage.The one-thousand-year history of Pingjiang Street goes on along the stone slabs which witness the authentic life of the

8、 local people. Strolling in the street, you can feel the unique lingering charm of this landscape produced by its long history.二、 平江路文脉、地脉、人脉、商脉研究分析2.1文脉2.1.1历史文化知名度苏州是中国首批公布的24个历史文化名城之一。而作为苏州的历史名街，平江历史街区先后荣获亚太文化遗产保护荣誉奖、中国民族建筑保护杰出贡献奖和国家传统建筑文化保护示范工程称号;被评为中国首批十大历史文化名街、国家AAAA级旅游景区。平江历史街区保护项目也入选中国城市遗产保护

9、经典案例。2.1.1 Historical and cultural fameSuzhou is one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities acclaimed in China. As a famous historical street in Suzhou, Pingjiang Historical District gloriously won UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation,The Outstanding Contribu

10、tion Award for Preserving Chinese National Architecturesand achieved the title of National Traditional Architectural and Cultural Preservation Demonstration Project one after another. Moreover,it is among the first group of Chinese Ten historical and cultural streetsand National AAAA level scenic sp

11、ots.In addition,Ping jiang Historic District Conservation Projectwas selected as the Chinese classic case of urban heritage protection.2.1.2历史文化价值作为著名历史文化名城苏州古城的一部分，平江路历史文化街区内处处珠玑：街区内有世界文化遗产耦园，人类口述和非物质文化遗产代表作昆曲展示区中国昆曲博物馆(全晋会馆)，历史上明代状元申时行，清代状元潘世恩、吴廷琛、洪钧，近代国学大师顾颉刚，文学批评家郭绍虞，著名医师钱伯煊，电影评论家唐纳等许多文人雅士、达官贵人都

12、曾生活于此。留存至今的各级文保单位有9处，控制保护建筑43处，名人故居20处，古牌坊2座;还有古井10口及古树散落其间,如同一座没有场馆的江南城市建筑博物馆。这些文物古迹，犹如一颗颗璀璨夺目的明珠，折射出古城历史文化的光华。2.1.2Historical and cultural valueAs a part of the ancient city of Suzhou-a famous historical and cultural city,Ping Jiang historical and cultural district is abundant in treasures. It boa

13、sts The Couples Garden Retreat (World Cultural Heritage) and China Kunqu Opera Museum(Human Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage Masterpiece Kunqu Opera Exhibition Hall).There were many literati and high officials living here before, such as Shen Shixing( No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in Ming Dynas

14、ty),Pan Shien ,Wu Tingchen and Hong Jun (No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in Qing Dynasty),the Gu Jiegang(modern master of Chinese culture), Guo Shaoyu(literary critic),the Qian Boxuan (renowned traditional Chinese physician), Tang Na (film critic), and so on.There exist 9 cultural relics protection un

15、its under various levels,43 architectures under control and protection,20 former residences of celebrities,2 memorial arches,10 ancient wells and some ancient trees scattering around the neighborhood,which form an open museum displaying the architectures of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Th

16、e relics,like shining pearls,reflect the splendor and glory of the long history and profound culture of Suzhou City.2.1.3活态文化完整性和真实性2.1.3.1完整性。平江历史街区富有江南水乡特色的城市布局，作为生活方式和传统文化的重要保留场所,其独特性深深扎根于古老街巷和建筑所构成的历史文化空间里。在保护和整治的同时，充分开发和利用历史文化资源，发展其特有的功能，通过开展招商活动，进一步提升历史街区的品位，促进历史街区的旅游和经济发展，以达到旅游、文化、商贸等联为一体，共同繁

17、荣的目的。以昆曲为例，它已经经历了三个变化：从前昆曲院门前长草，如今演员档期已排满；以前只有老观众爱听，现在年轻人引为时尚；从前，演员看不到前途，现在新人也有粉丝了。昆剧是中国古代民族文化的“百科全书”，是中国特定历史社会形态的“活化石”，通过昆剧可以再现全景的、动态的、直观的、可解读的历史社会形态。昆剧内容包括古代社会生活的各个方面。如历史、政治、经济、法律、制度、仪轨、生活方式、社会心理、民俗民情，乃至服饰、房屋结构等。2.1.3The completion and authenticity of living culture2.1.3.1CompletionPingjiang Histo

18、rical District is characteristic of layout of water towns in the regions south of the Yangtze River. As an important retained space of traditional lifestyle and culture,its uniqueness is deeply rooted in the weather-beaten streets,lanes and buildings. In addition to the protection and renovation,its

19、 important to exploit and utilize its historical and cultural resources so as to highlight its features by attracting investment and other business activities. It aims to further improve the taste of the street district, to promote the tourist and economic development and to integrate tourism,cultur

20、e and commerce for mutual prosperity. Take Kunqu Opera as an example.It has experienced three changes:there was growing grass in front of the Kunqu courtyard in the past ,while today the performance schedule is full;only old audience had interest in it in the past ,but now young people begin to care

21、 for it; actors were unable to catch sight of their prospects in the past ,while now the new actors have their fans. Kunqu Opera is the encyclopedia of Chinese ancient culture, living fossil of Chinese special historical and social,which reveals panoramic,dynamic,intuitive and interpretable historic

22、 and social states.The content of Kunqu Opera covers various aspects of ancient social life,such as history,politics,economy,laws,systems,etiquette,lifestyle,social psychology,customs and even dress,housing structure etc.2.1.3.2真实性。其真实性体现在，在保持原汁原味的本色文化基础上，坚持传承性发展和弘扬平江历史街区的物质和非物质文化。评弹博物馆、昆曲博物馆、刺绣艺术文化

23、、雕刻艺术等充满活力的文化在平江路的挖掘中得以真实性的保留和发展。2.1.3.2AuthenticityIts authenticity lies in the preservation of original culture,on the basis of which both tangible and intangible culture of Pingjiang Historical District is inherited, developed and promoted.Pingtan Museum,Kunqu Museum,embroidery artistic culture,s

24、culpture art and other dynamic arts are authentically retained and developed during the progress of Pingjiang Road.2.2地脉2.2.1苏州城市的地理位置 苏州位于江苏省东南部，东临上海，南接浙江，西抱太湖，北依长江。其中心地理坐标为北纬3119，东经12037，是我国的历史文化名城和重要的风景旅游城市，是长江三角洲重要的中心城市之一。Suzhou is in the southern part of Jiangsu Province, with Shanghai to the e

25、ast, Zhejiang Province to the south, Taihu Lake to the west and the Yangtze River to the north. Its central geographic coordinate: northern latitude 319and east longitude 12037. Suzhou is a historical and cultural city as well as a key tourist city and it is one of the major cities on the Yangtze Ri

26、ver Delta.2.2.2平江路在苏州的地理位置 平江历史街区位于苏州古城东北隅，东起外环城河，西至临顿路，南起干将路，北至白塔东路，紧邻拙政园历史街区，这里作为诸多历史景点的聚集之地，拙政园、狮子林、网师园、沧浪亭等，会让游客在闲逛平江路的同时感受中国古典园林之美，体会江南水乡风韵。随着游览项目的丰富化，游客们定会对这片区域流连忘返。作为苏州最繁华的步行街，这里可以给游客带来诸多现代与古风融合的气息。其中最为核心部分就属平江路，它是苏州迄今保存最完整、规模最大的一个区域。Pingjiang Historic Street is located in the northeast of Su

27、zhou, with outer ring river in the east, Lindun Road in the west, Ganjiang Road in the south and the East Baita Road in the north, which is near to the Humble Administrators Garden.There are lots of historical sites in the nearby areas, such as The Humble Administrators Garden, the Master-of-Nets Ga

28、rden, the Lion Grove Garden, the Couples Garden Retreat and so forth. Walking leisurely in the street, visitors can appreciate the beauty of China Classical Garden and feel the charm of the areas south of the Yangtze River. Visitors enjoy themselves so much that they want to stay so as to appreciate

29、 the abundant tourism resource to their hearts content. As one of the most fascinating places in Suzhou, it shows the perfect combination of modernization and classicality. Pingjiang Street is the essence of ancient city of Suzhou, which is preserved intactly in large scale.2.2.3街区在城市规划中的地位 江苏省苏州市、平

30、江区政府及相关职能部门一直非常重视平江路的整体保护工作，并将保护工作纳入了国民经济和社会发展计划。2002年，以迎接第28届世界遗产大会在苏州召开为契机，苏州市委、市政府启动了平江路风貌保护与环境整治先导试验性工程，并在2005年批准通过了同济大学编制的苏州古城平江历史街区保护整治规划，平江路由此揭开了全面保护的新篇章。The municipal government and the district government of Pingjiang Street always pay attention to the overall protection of Pingjiang Street

31、 and brings this protection work into the project of National Economy and Social Development.In 2002, Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal government started the testing project-preserving the original appearance of Pingjiang Street and stopping destroying environment in order to embrace t

32、he 28th World Heritage Convention held in Suzhou. Whats more, in 2005 Conservation and Renovation Project of Pingjiang Historic District of Suzhou ancient city compiled by Tongji University was approved. 2002年至2004年，苏州市委、市政府实施平江路风貌保护与环境整治工程，通过拆除违章建筑、10类管线入地、铺设石板路、疏浚河道、维修老房子等，共耗资1亿多元，使平江路从北塔东路到干将路的主要

33、部分（全长1090米）再现天生丽质。该保护规划项目不仅采用了国际通行的修旧如旧的修复手法，同时还引入了唤醒老建筑活力的动态保护思维。联合国教科文组织评委会对规划的评价是：“该项目是城市复兴的一个范例，在历史风貌保护、社会结构维护、实施操作模式等方面的突出表现，证明了历史街区是可以走向永续发展的。”From 2002 to 2004,Suzhou Municipal Party and Government carried out the project of preserving the features and renovating the environment of Pingjiang

34、Street by demolishing illegal buildings, putting ten types of pipelines into the ground, paving road with stone slabs, dredging the riverway and repairing the old houses to reappear the beauty of the major parts(1090 meters) of Pingjiang Street from East Beita Road to Ganjiang Road. The whole projec

35、t cost more than 100 million yuan.The project not only adopts the recuperative method which is in common use worldwide, but also brings in the dynamic protection notion of waking up the vitality of old buildings. The judging panel of the UNESCO evaluates that this project is a paradigm of the urban

36、revitalization and it is prominent in historical landscape protection, maintenance of social structure, and operation mode, proving that historic districts can achieve sustainable development.2.3人脉2.3.1历史文化名人人们常说，一座城市的文化品位，往往通过这座城市的建筑物和所拥有的文化名人体现出来。建筑物是历史的遗存、文化的结晶，也是人的心血和造化。一个缺乏文化名人群体支撑的城市，不可能成为真正的文

37、化名城。苏州的平江路亦是如此，从古至今灿烂悠久的800年历史文化孕育了一个又一个杰出人才。2.3.1Historic and cultural celebritiesAs the peoples saying goes,the cultural taste of this citys is usually reflected by the local buildings and celebrities.These buildings are historic relics,cultural crystallization and peoples effort and sweat.It is i

38、mpossible to be a genuine historic and cultural city without sustaining by cultural celebrity group,including Pingjiang Road,which nurtured one by one outstanding talent throughout history with 800 years splendid historic culture. 2.3.1.1潘世恩。坐落在平江路的钮家巷潘宅（凤池园）潘宅是清代大学士潘世恩故居。潘世恩（1769-1854）清朝大臣。初名世辅，小字日

39、麟，字槐堂，一作槐庭，号芝轩，晚号思补老人，室名有真意斋、思补堂、清颂堂。祖籍安徽歙县，后迁居江苏苏州。乾隆五十八年进士第一，状元 。授修撰，嘉庆间历侍读、侍讲学士、户部尚书。道光间至英武殿大学士，充上书房总师傅，进太傅。为官五十余年，历事乾隆、嘉庆、道光、咸丰四朝，被称为“四朝元老”，与堂兄潘世璜、孙潘祖荫合称为“苏州三杰”，著有恩补斋集。2.3.1.1Pan ShienThe Pans Residence(Fengchi Garden),which is located in the Nius Lane of Pingjiang,is the former residence of Pan

40、 Shi en(Scholar of Qing Dynasty).He was one of chancellors of Qing Dynasty.His ancestral home was She county of Anhui Province,and then he moved to Suzhou.He was the No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in 58 year of Qian Longs reign.His title were Serving Study,Literature Lecturer, Minister of Revenue in

41、Jia Qings reign.He was promoted as Scholar of Yingwu Temple and worked as the general teacher of imperial offsprings study,a power official successively.His career was as long as 5 decades and served for four courts of Qian Long,Jia Qing,Dao Guang,Xian Feng.As a result,he was regarded as the Ministe

42、r of Four Emperors.He wrote En Bu Zhai Collected Works.Moreover,his elder cousin,Pan Shihuang,Pan Zuyin and him were called Three Standouts of Suzhou. 2.3.1.2洪钧。洪钧状元府（林荫堂）位于悬桥巷27号，为洪钧出仕后所建。洪钧，清末外交家，祖籍本在安徽，是后来搬迁至苏州。因从小家庭贫困，父亲曾让他弃文从商，而从小就有鸿鹄之志的他拒绝弃文从商，同治7年终于考取了状元，任翰林院修撰。 2.3.1.2Hong Jun Hong Juns Resi

43、dence(Boulevard Church) is located in the No.27 of Suspending Bridge Alley，which was built after he became an official.Hong Jun was the diplomate of the end era of Qing Dynasty.His ancestral home was Anhui Provence and moved to Suzhou later. Because of poverty since he was a child,his father had eve

44、r urged him to give up study and carry out business.However,this ambitious child rejected that and eventually obtained the No.1 Scholar of Imperial Exam in Qing Dynasty.After that,he was appointed as Imperial Academy Compiler. 2.3.1.3顾颉刚。在离悬桥巷东头不远处，有一座平桥架在巷南侧河上，这座桥过去是木板桥，所以叫作板桥也叫顾家桥，20世纪70年代改为水泥桥，长不

45、足7米，宽仅3米，过桥就是现在称作顾家花园的小巷了。顾颉刚，现代古史辨学派的创始人，也是中国历史地理学和民俗学的开创者。是中国近代学术发展史上有着重要影响的一位学者，著名历史学家，民俗学家。主要论著有古史辨、崔东壁遗书、当代中国史学、汉代学术史略等。 2.3.1.3Gu Jiegang There is a parallel bridge standing over the southern side of the river near the east of Suspending Bridge Alley.This bridge was used to be made of wood,as

46、a result,people called it plank bridge or Gus Bridge.It was reformed to be a cement bridge in 1970s.,with length of less than 7 meters and width of only 3 meters. Passing through this bridge is a small valley which is called Gus Garden.Gu Jiegang is the originator of ancient history distinguished sc

47、hool,and is also the creator of Chinese Historical Geography and folklore.In addition,he is a scholar of significant effect to the history of modern academic development,a famous historian and a folklorist.His major works include Ancient historical distinguish,Cui Dongbis Posthumous Paper,Chinese Mo

48、dern History ,Academic Historical Strategy Of Han Dynasty and so on.2.4商脉2.4.1老字号商铺保留情况历史街区的管理者合理安排商铺。在街区改造过程中，沿平江路零星有一些维修和重建的房子，以保持平江路的恬静与疏朗。历史街区的管理者严格挑选，本着宁缺勿滥的原则，仔细挑选投资项目。此外，原有的老字号商铺被适时完好的保留下来。如，平江园、汪氏义庄等，带着古色古香的江南调，糅合现代化的经营理念，结合中西文化发展，深入人心。而且在商铺的装修风格、内部陈设均有严格的要求保留原貌为原则。其中，品芳是最典型的老字号，它是平江路上的一家130

49、多年历史的老茶店，两层临水小居，装修古色古香，一边是古巷，一边是小桥流水，厨房是开放式的，品茶、用餐皆可,价格公道，可以坐下来慢慢品的小店。实际上，品芳是平江路上第一家建立起来并代表了一切苏州传统事物的老子号商铺。之所以这样说不是由为它本身的建筑特色，而是归因于这里的音乐、小吃和茶饮。品芳保留了各种事物简单平实的特点，这一点却恰到好处。楼下是一片异常开阔的空间，在这里你可以静观周围的一切景象。楼上是一条长长的过道，过道两边是半围起来的房间，这里与外界隔绝，颇为隐蔽，是赏景的好地方。2.4.1The reservation of time-honored shops.2.4.1The admin

50、istrators of historic district rationally arrange these shops. In the course of district renovation, some of the residential houses along the Pingjiang Road are repaired and rebuilt to keep its serenity and ancient flavor. Following the rule of putting quality before quantity, the administrators con

51、scientiously selected investment projects. Whats more, the former time-honored shops have been intactly reserved, such as Pingjiangyuan Teahouse, Wangs Charity house, which are filled with quaint tune of the regions south of the Yangtze River and mixed with the modern business notions combining the

52、Chinese and Western cultural development. Also,in decorative style of shops, there are severe requirements about the indoor display by obeying the rule of retaining original appearance. Among those quaint shops, Pin Fang Teahouse is a typical example of time-honored shops. It is an old tea shop with

53、 over 130 years. It is a two-storied building along the water, with quaint decoration,.on one side there is an old lane, and on the other side there is a bridge and running water. Its price is reasonable so that you can take a seat and feel the atmosphere. As a matter of fact, Pin Fang is the first

54、establishment on the street to represent everything that Suzhou was in the past. Its not just the architecture but the music, food, and drinks.Pin Fang keeps things simple and it works very well for them. Downstairs the space is fairly open and you can see everything that happens around you. Upstair

55、s is a long hallway with half enclosed rooms on either side that give seclusion and privacy as well as a better view.2.4.2商铺的种类及文化内涵2.4.2The variety and cultural connotation of shops 2.4.2.1商铺的种类。分布在河道两岸的商铺经营范围各异，主要集中在原创手工类、工艺品，如东巴古、绿竹翁、景泰堂、卢福英苏绣制作中心等；服饰类，如缘杨裁缝铺、一爿衣铺、荷言旗袍等；餐饮小吃类，如狐狸家手工酸奶、大树舫、三味养生馆、梅

56、上人家典藏等； 茶馆、酒吧类，如品芳、平江园、上下若、在云端、螺壳等；旅社、客栈类，如平江客栈、明堂青年旅店、书香世家平江府酒店。除此之外，像猫的天空之城这样带有小资情调的独具创意特色的商铺在这里蓬勃发展。2.4.2.1The variety of shopsThe shops scattering along both riverbanks run in different scales. The shops can be mainly classified into the following types: original handcrafts shops such as Dongba

57、Handcrafts Shop, Lv Zhuweng Bamboo Products Shop, Cloisonne Hall and Lu Fuying Suzhou Embroidery Production Center; clothes shops such as Yuanyang Tailors, Yipan Clothes Boutique and Wispering Lotus Cheongsam Club; restaurants and snack bars such as The Foxs Handmade Yogurt, Dashufang Restaurant, Sa

58、nwei Health Restaurant and Meishang Home Snack Shop；teahouses and bars such as Pin Fang Teahouse, Pingjiangyuan Teahouse, If Coffee Bar，Zaiyunduan Caf and Locke Pub; hotels and inns such as Pingjiang Lodge, Mingtown Youth Hostel, and Scholars Hotel Pingjiangfu. In addition, many chic places effusing

59、 petty bourgeoise sentiment such as Momi Cafhave are thriving here and favored by young people. 2.4.2.2商铺的文化内涵。平江路虽是作为历史文化街巷进行了保护改造，遵循修旧如旧原则，但沿街不少老宅实已辟为酒吧、会所，只是外表并不张扬，悄悄掩隐在木制门板之下，乍看起来与普通民居并无二致，只有从格外精致的雕花门廊上可以窥出些端倪。苏州平江历史街区至今保持了自唐宋以来水陆结合、河街平行的双棋盘街坊格局，堪称世界城市史上的一大奇迹。古街如何与时代并存是个世界性课题。 2.4.2.2The cultural connotation of shops Pingjiang