实用写作技巧课件

1、 会计系会计系 曾凡军曾凡军一、破句 所谓破句，就是把不成句子的一组词当成句子来对待。破句在学生的习作中大量存在。 l) I have a meeting with my boss . During my lunch break on Thursday . 2)I am going to the airport .To meet my best friend there . 3) We have everything we need . Sleeping bag , tent and warm clothes . 二、串句 就是错误地把两个或多个本来完整的句子用逗号或不作任何标点符号串在一起

2、,让独立完整的句子不能独立起来 ,没有考虑句子之间的关系 ,造成结构上的错误。 l ) Tom is a terrible soccer coach , he cares more about winning than he does about the children he manages . 2 ) Benny decided to quit smoking , it was making him dizzy(晕眩的) and lightheaded（头晕眼花的）三、修饰语错置l ) The supervisor(主管人) told me that they needed someone

3、 who could use both Excel and Flash badly. （ ） 2 ) The supervisor told me that they badly （非常地）needed someone who could use both Excel and Flash . （ ）四、悬垂修饰语 l ) At the age of six , my uncle bought me the first pet , a gold fish . 2 ) While reading the paper last night , an article on solar energy a

4、ttracted my attention . 五、不一致l ) Tom is one of the students who does not take applied mathematics . ( _应为_ ) 2 ) Many a student are lacking in creativity. ( _应为_ ) doesdoareis六、指代不清l ) On her way , Sandy met Frank and Jim . She asked him to go together with her.2 ) The old lady told my mother she wa

5、s right . 七、 There be 结构l ) There are many people like to go to the movies . ( X ) 2 ) There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people . ( X ) 以上例句为错误的表达，正确的表达应该为：l ) There are many people who like to go to the movies .2 ) There are different kinds of vegetables that pe

6、ople can buy on the market . 八、汉语式的英语 汉语式的英语产生的原因主要是受中文思维影响，所写的英语句子是汉语的语序或表达习惯。还有一种原因就是学生在记单词时囫囵吞枣，不求甚解造成的。 1）外面的噪音让他学习分心。（ ）The outside noise divided his heart when he studied . （ ） The noise from outside distracted him from his studying . 2）他家里养了一只可爱的猫。 （ ）His home raises a lovely cat . （ ）He kept

7、 a lovely cat at home 3)不管怎么说，我已经是一名大学生了。不管怎么说，我已经是一名大学生了。 （ ） No matter how to say , 1 am already a college student. （ ） Anyway , 1 am already a college student . 4）你们可不要学我。）你们可不要学我。 （ ） Never learn from me . （ ） Don t follow my example . 5）昨天我们玩得很愉快。）昨天我们玩得很愉快。 （ ） We played very happily yesterday

8、 . （ ） We had a good time yesterday. 一、如何使句子简练要做到简练就必须避免重复和累赘。l ) A .The slowly moving train crawled (爬行，徐徐前进) into the station. B .The train crawled into the station . 2) A .With regard to the fact that our environment is polluted , members of Congress should draft（起草） and consequently（从而） enact la

9、ws（制订法律） that prohibit（禁止） pollution in our nation . B . Because our environment is polluted , Congress （国会、议会）should pass laws prohibiting pollution . 二、如何使句子花样多多二、如何使句子花样多多 如果一篇文章里所有的句子或大多数句子的长度和结构大致相同，整篇文章就毫无生机可言，会显得单调呆板。相反，多种多样的句子会紧紧抓住读者的注意力，让他们不知不觉读完全文。所以，我们在写作过程中要时刻注意，让自己文章里的句子花样多多。下面介绍几种实用的方法

10、使句子充满变化。1 、长短句结合、长短句结合可以通过用非谓语动词、介词短语以及从属连词等手段使句子可以通过用非谓语动词、介词短语以及从属连词等手段使句子“长短不一长短不一”。 l ) A . The Blue Angels are usually the last to perform . They bring the show to a thrilling finish . B . The Blue Angels are usually the last to perform , bringing the show to a thrilling finish . 2 ) A . The Bl

11、ue Angels perform spectacular(精彩的表演) . They are part of the United States Navy They perform stunts（绝技） at air shows . Air shows are held around the world . B . The Blue Angels of the United States Navy perform spectacular stuns at air shows around the world . 2、变化句子类型、变化句子类型 句子的基本种类有简单句、并列句和复合句。要想让文

12、章中的句子充满变化，最简单的方法就是掺杂使用这3 种基本的句子类型。 下面的一段文章，通篇是简单句： The mongoose（猫鼬） is a small animal . It is very fierce(凶猛的) . It lives in Africa and Southern Asia . It eats all sorts of small creatures . It eats snakes . A mongoose will fight a deadly（致命的） cobra（眼镜蛇） . The mongoose moves very quickly . The cobra

13、 cannot strike it . Mongooses can be tamed . They are often kept around homes . They will drive away snakes . 这段文章可作如下改写：这段文章可作如下改写： The mongoose is a small , very fierce animal that lives in Africa and Southern Asia . It eats all sorts of small creatures , including snakes . A mongoose will even fi

14、ght a deadly cobra . The mongoose moves very quickly and the cobra cannot strike(侵袭) it . Since Mongooses can be tamed , they are often kept around homes to drive away snakes. 3、变化句子开头、变化句子开头(l )用同位语开头：The most spectacular（引人入胜的） mountain in China , Huang Shan Mountain attracts thousands of visitors

15、 each year . (2) 用分词开头 ： Laughing and talking , four girls stepped into our classroom . (3)用副词开头 ：Slowly, thoroughly, the teacher explained how to vary sentences （4 ）用动词原型或动词不定式开头）用动词原型或动词不定式开头:To understand my reaction(反应反应) , you must realize I value reading above all other school subjects . （5）用介

16、词短语开头：）用介词短语开头： By my standards(标准标准) , reading is more important than writing for one graders . 4、变化连接词位置、变化连接词位置l ) Indeed , Frank was disappointed that 1 would not allow him to take this . 2 ) He was so disappointed , in fact , that I felt compelled(不得不) to give up . 3 ) This does not mean my bel

17、ief has changed , however . 三、如何应对单词量不足三、如何应对单词量不足 1.换用笼统词 词大体可分为两类：笼统词和具体词。笼统词的特点在于意义广泛、搭配性强。虽然它们独自不能精确表达一个动作，但在构成词组以后可替代很多具体词。写作中遇到一些具体词写不出来的时候，用笼统词取代，有异曲同工之妙。最常用的笼统词有have 、take 等。如： l ) A . Mike experienced a terrible hard time . B . Mike had a terrible hard time . 2 ) A . Are you married ? B . D

18、o you have a wife /husband ? 3 ) A . Do you understand my meaning ? B . Do you take my meaning ? 2.换用同义词、反义词l ) A . Li Lei had a nightmare last night B . Li Lei had a bad dream last night .2 ) A .The food is tasty. B . The food is nice to eat . C . The food is delicious . 3 )A. we discontinued the w

19、ork at nine B . We stopped the work at nine . 4 ) A . This woman is talkative B . This woman is never quiet . 5 ) A . This car is expensive B . This car is not cheap . 3.换用迂回表达l ）我从未见到过这样顽固的人。 Ive never seen such a stubborn person . = Ive never seen such a person who never listens to other s advice . 2 ）如果我们想得到文凭，我们必须首先通过考试。 If we want to obtain a diploma , we must first pass the exams . =If we want to get a graduation paper , we must first pass the exams . 3 ）工厂里的烟囱（chimney ）拔地而起。 High chimneys have appea