必修二Unit5Grammar

1、 有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词并起定语作用的从句，叫定语从句。名词或代词并起定语作用的从句，叫定语从句。定语定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词从句所修饰的词叫先行词，从句跟在先行词后面。从句跟在先行词后面。 定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+ +陈述句语陈述句语序序，关系代词有：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；等；关系副词有关系副词有when, where, why等等。关系代词。关系代词有有双重功能双重功能，一方面，一方面代表代表前面所修

2、饰的前面所修饰的先行词先行词，把从，把从句与先行词连接起来；另一方面引导出从句并句与先行词连接起来；另一方面引导出从句并在从句在从句中充当某种句子成分中充当某种句子成分。 The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house.关系代词指物时只用关系代词指物时只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况（1 1）关系代词在从句中作）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词介词宾语并且介

3、词提前至关系代词前时提前至关系代词前时只用只用whichwhich，但当介词，但当介词在从句句尾时，两者皆可。在从句句尾时，两者皆可。This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.= This is the question which / that weve had so much discussion about. (2) (2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用在非限定性定语从句中必须用whichwhich不能不能用用thatthat。This is the book which/that Im looking for

4、.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.当关系代词作当关系代词作look after, look for等不能拆开等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时，介词不可使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时，介词不可以提前。以提前。（1 1）关系副词）关系副词wherewhere指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。This is the house where he lived.(2) (2) 关系副词关系副词whenwhen指时间，在从句中作时间状语。指时间，在从句中作时间状语。Il

5、l never forget the days when we played together.(3) (3) 关系副词关系副词whywhy指原因，在从句中作原因状语。指原因，在从句中作原因状语。He explained the reason why he was late.关系副词有时可用介词关系副词有时可用介词+which来代替。来代替。如上句中如上句中where=in which; when=on which; why=for which。Rewrite the sentence using the attributive clause:1.I remember the day. “Th

6、e Beatles” played their first hit on that day.2. The guitar was lost while he was touring. George gave many performances with it.3. The musicians were very popular. They worked with the musicians. I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hit. The guitar with which George gave many pe

7、rformances was lost while he was touring. The musicians with whom they worked were very popular.1. George Orwell _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。whosewhose引导定语从句时，只引导定语从句时，只能在从句中作定

8、语，其他各项均构不成定能在从句中作定语，其他各项均构不成定语从句。语从句。2. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which高考链接A解析：答案解析：答案A A。the waythe way后的定后的定语从句可用语从句可用in whichin which或或thatthat引引导，也可全省略。导，也可全省略。3. Luckily, wed brought a road map without _ we wo

9、uld have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which高考链接D解析：答案解析：答案D D。without + whichwithout + which引导定语引导定语从句。从句。Underline the attributive clauses in the text that contain prep. + whom/which.1. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, at which everyone is cla

10、pping and appreciating your music?2. They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising their music in someones house is the first step to fame.3. Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash. I. Warming up4. The musicians were to play jokes

11、on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles. 5. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.6. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebra

12、ted their former time as a real band. Warming upII. Use summary 介词介词+which/whom+which/whom引导的定语从句用于正式场合。引导的定语从句用于正式场合。在这一结构中，关系代词在这一结构中，关系代词which/whomwhich/whom做介词的做介词的宾语。宾语。当先行词是人时，用介词当先行词是人时，用介词+whom+whom引导定语从句，例如：引导定语从句，例如：They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practising the

13、ir music in someones house is the first step to fame.当先行词是物时，用介词当先行词是物时，用介词+which+which引导定语从句，而且只引导定语从句，而且只能加能加whichwhich，不能加，不能加thatthat，例如：，例如：They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. Fill in each blank with a proper prep.+ whom/which.1. This

14、 is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the antelope.2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. A great number of cultural relics have been found in a village _ _ there are lots of old t

15、emples. 5. The guitar _ _ Dave composed our first hit is in a music museum.6. The musicians _ _ we have great interest toured Europe with us.with whichagainst whomon whichin Practicewhichwith whichin whomPracticeRead the passage and complete it using attributive clauses, some of which may use prep.+

16、 which/whom.There have been many popular bands in the world, _ the most famous was the Beatles. The four young men _ made up the band only performed and recorded from 1963 to 1970. During those years they gave many concerts, _ they played all their latest hits. They made many records, _ they will al

17、ways be remembered. Their songs were a mixture of rock and roll and ballads, _ they often wrote about their own lives and problems. Although of whichwhoat whichfor whichin whichPracticethey were not trained actors, they took part in films _ they often played themselves. Their performances were humor

18、ous and interesting. Their fans, _ the Beatles would not have been so famous, at last caused problems for them. They followed them everywhere. Finally they stopped their concerts in order to live quieter lives, although their songs remain as popular as ever.during/in whichwithout whomPracticeThere i

19、s a grammatical error in each of the following sentences. Please read them carefully and correct the mistake.1. Simon helped Peter repair his guitar, for that he was very grateful. 2. I like songs to which the feelings of love is expressed.3. I enjoyed my holiday on which I went to a concert of pop

20、music.4. I like my music teacher for which I have great respect.5. I have many friends of which some are musicians.6. Peter went to a concert at whom his favourite band played and sang.Practice Key1. Simon helped Peter repair his guitar, for which he was very grateful. 2. I like songs in which the f

21、eelings of love is expressed.3. I enjoyed my holiday during which I went to a concert of pop music.4. I like my music teacher for whom I have great respect.5. I have many friends of whom some are musicians.6. Peter went to a concert at which his favourite band played and sang.1.They live in a house,

22、 whose windows are made of glass. They live in a house, _ _ _ _ are made of glass. of which the windows whose + n = the + n + of which 2. He has two daughters, and both of them are college students. He has two daughters, _ _ _ are college students. whom both of3. China has hundreds of islands, the l

23、argest of which is Tai Wan. China has hundreds of islands, _ _ the largest is Tai Wan. of which 4. Can you think of a situation where this word is used? Can you think of a situation _ _ this word is used? in which 5. China has a lot of famous writers and Lu Xun is one of them. China has a lot of fam

24、ous writers, one _ _ is Lu Xun. of whom III. Summary 关系副词可以替代介词关系副词可以替代介词+which/whom结构。结构。 where可以替代可以替代to/at/from/in which, 例如：例如：They visited the city where/in which John Denver was born. when可以替代可以替代during/at/in/on which，例如：，例如：I will never forget the year when/in which our band started. why可以替代可

25、以替代for which，例如：例如：The reason why/for which he left the band was that he hated the busy life. how可以替代可以替代in which，但是要同时去掉但是要同时去掉the way，例如：例如：The students do not know how/the way in which a music band can be formed.Practice Read these sentences and try to simplify them changing them where necessary.

26、Eample: I dont understand the way in which you solved this problem.I dont understand how you solved this problem.1. This is the month during which we like to go to outdoor concerts.This is the month when we like to go to outdoor concerts.Practice 2. She gave a musical concert in the hall in which we

27、 interviewed a famous violinist last week.She gave a musical concert in the hall where we interviewed a famous violinist last week.3. Lillian lives in a town in which there are many cultural events. Lillian lives in a town where there are many cultural events.4. A concert hall is a place to which yo

28、u go to buy tickets for a show.A concert hall is a place where you go to buy tickets for a show.Practice 5. Finding a job as a singer was the reason for which I moved. Finding a job as a singer was the reason why I moved.6. Summer is the time at which it is best to practise outside with your band.Su

29、mmer is the time when it is best to practise outside with your band.7. His studio was the place in which we recorded our greatest hits.His studio was the place where we recorded our greatest hits.Practice 8. I relied on my car until it broke down at the place at which three roads meet.I relied on my

30、 car until it broke down at the place where three roads meet.9. I am familiar with your songs and the way in which you compose them.I am familiar with your songs and how you compose them.10. It is a time at which the sun begins to sink and the moon to rise.It is a time when the sun begins to sink an

31、d the moon to rise. 1.that 与与which1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?thatthat先行词是先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代等不定代词，引导定语从句用词，引导定语从句用that1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in

32、China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用饰时，引导定语从句用that 。Ive read all the books _ you lent me.that先行词被先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时修饰时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that 。1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused

33、 great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.先行词中既有人又有事物时，先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。thatthat Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?who做先行词时，做先行词时，引导定语从句用引导定语从句用thatthat1.Her bag, in _ she put all her money, has been stolen.2.Th

34、is is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事在介词后面，指事物用物用which，指人用，指人用whom1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book _ which you asked.注意：动词注意：动词短语短语不能拆开不能拆开即介词不能提前即介词不能提前 forThe old man whom I am looking after is

35、better .如何判断介词如何判断介词2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.with3) 根据先行词判断根据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先所用的介词与先行词搭配行词搭配 This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.in the front ofwhose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句表示所属关系表示所属关系The river _ banks are covere

36、d with trees flows to the sea.whose3 Whose 的使用的使用There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whoseThe earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that

37、the earth is round.as AsIt定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正如之意，与之具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的搭配的动词一般是固定的4 as 的使用的使用 This is the same book as I lost. This is the same book that I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book

38、 _ we all like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。书。定语从句定语从句This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。结果状语从句结果状语从句1. It is very useful to master a foreign language, _ has been said before. which2. _ everyone ho

39、ped, Mary has won the first prize. Asas引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放引导定语从句不能放在句首在句首.as译为正如，好像译为正如，好像, which 则则没有此义。没有此义。 Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you. This is

40、the museum _I visited last year .whenwhichthatwhichthatwhichthat5 when, where, why 与与that, which 的区分的区分 This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.whythatwhich/that指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用从句中作主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。6 定语从句中的动

41、词的数定语从句中的动词的数He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise. hashave关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词动词的数取决于先行词Correct the mistakes1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from

42、class two.2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible.3. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. whomwhosewho5. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.6. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.7. July 1,1999 is the day wh

43、en well never forget.tothat8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. gives9. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.10.The bike by which I travelled was his.ason11. This is the place where we visited many times during the past ten years.12.

44、 They have decided to stay at home, that is, I think, a wise choice.13. The day will come which the people all over the world will enjoy true freedom.where that / which或去掉或去掉wherethat whichwhich when14. He is a man of great experience, from who we can learn much.15. Antarctic, which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.16. It was a meeting which importance I didnt realize at that time.which whose who whomwhich前或前或little后加后加about1. (NMET2004) The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great