unit5Canada同位语从句语法-

1、语法精解语法精解( (一一) )1. 同位语同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名它位于名词、代词后面词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情说明它们的性质和情况况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1) 名词名词 Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3) 数词数词 She is the oldest among th

2、em six.(4) 由由such as, that is引导引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科某些学科, ,例如数学和物理例如数学和物理, ,是很难学是很难学的。的。(5) 由由of引导引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从自从2000年以来年以来, 北京市发生了很北京市发生了很大的变化大的变化。1. The news that we won the game is exciting.2

3、. I have no idea when he will come back home.3. Word came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 4. They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.观察下列句子划红线的部分。观察下列句子划红线的部分。 同位语从句同位语从句1.概念概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，说明名

4、词的具体内容，3.用法用法: 常跟的抽象名词有常跟的抽象名词有: fact/ idea/reason thought/order/ doubt/news/hope truth/belief 4.连词连词 that/whether/who/ which what/when/where/why/howe.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he

5、will come back. 同位语从句有时被别的词把它同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：和名词隔开：注意注意: The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.1.连接词连接词that引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句that在从句中不充当成分在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用只起连接作用.He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息,

6、他马上要从国外回国他马上要从国外回国.There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.1.The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.2.The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.只用只用whether引导引导,不用不用if.这个问题是否正确还未被证实这个问题是否正确还未被证实.The problem _ is right hasnt been proved.2.连接词连接词w

7、hether引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句whether3连接词代词连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个我不知道该选哪个.1.The question _ should go abroad hasnt been decided yet.2. I have no idea _ one I should choose.whichwho(定语定语)(主主)在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分4.连接词副词连接词副词when/where/why/how 引引导的同位语从句导的同位语从句 1.我了解

8、他们为什么离开得那么早我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2. 我们还没决定好去哪儿我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.Ive got a good idea _ they left early.2.The question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国

9、。）定语从句定语从句宾语宾语同位语从句同位语从句(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句与定语从句 的区别的区别1. 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子整句子, 谓语动词用谓语动词用be的不同形式的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.2. 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导引导定语从句的关系代词作宾

10、语时常可省定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.2. 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exci

11、ting.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句 that名词性名词性形容词性形容词性只连接主句和从只连接主句和从句句,在从句中不充在从句中不充当成分当成分代替先行词代替先行词,在从句中充当成分在从句中充当成分1.The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all. ( )2.The news that you heard is not true. ( )3.Have you any idea who he went with? ( )4.The problem that you referred to doesnt e

12、xist at all. ( )同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should)

13、have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or

14、 wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is. 主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. there are he has规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序

15、！ 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His propos

16、al that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the

17、 meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether （1 1）位于句子开头；）

18、位于句子开头； （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词； （3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与与or notor not连用。连用。 注意：在注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建议、决定建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用句常用“（should）+ 动词原形动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令司令员命令部队马上出发。员命令部队马上出发。 1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：还是同位语从句： 1) The fact_ he used to be a thi