句子成分和结构-Rachel

1、句子成分和结构- Rachel Xu2013.11.22简单句 (simple sentence)并列句 (compound sentence)复合句 (complex sentence)1. SV 主谓结构 . Things change. . Prices are going up. . His dream came true. 简单句基本句型2. SVP 主系表.He is in good health.These flowers smell fragrant.The milk has turned sour.系动词： 1. Be 动词 2. 表感官： feel, smell, tast

2、e, sound, look, appear, seem 3. 表变化： become, get, grow, turn, go 4. 表延续： remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest 5. 表瞬时： come, fall, set, cut, occur 6. 其他： eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue3. SVO 主谓宾.I want a return ticket.Nobody could answer the question.The train is building up

3、speed.4. SvoO. He gave me a walkman. David bought me a book.一些间宾可改成 “to” 或 “for”引起的短语，to表示动作向谁, 侧重方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。for表示动作为谁,侧重动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。5. SVOC.We elected him our spokesman.They painted the walls creamy white.The directors appointed him sales manager.简单句1. 只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door.2. 两

4、个并列主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. 3. 一个主语和两个并列谓语 Rachel is standing here and teaching English.简单句的扩展成份简单句的各个成分可以加上各种修饰成分来进行适当的修饰和拓展，即定语，状语和同位语定语（Attributive） 限定或修饰名词或代词, 由形容词或相当的结构担任, 可以是一个词或几个词或词组或句子, 位置灵活，可前可后。1. After all, he is a five- year-old boy.2. She has a very valuable

5、bronze Egyptian cat.3. There is something wrong with the computer.4. The man who gave us a good lesson yesterday was a model worker.状语(Adverbial) 修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子， 常由副词或与之相当的结构担任。1. Rose speaks English quite fluently.2. He went to France to meet his fiance.3. If I have some spare time, I will learn

6、English.4. When I grow up, I am going to be a bullfighter.8. 同位语 它位于名词或名词性短语之后，说明其内容, 常由名词、名词性短语或从句担任。(1) Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.(2) The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.1. I bought a rain coat with a warm lining.2. The dog jumped through the window.3. He i

7、s saving up to buy a mobile phone.4. He worked like a madman in the garden on Saturday.5. A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven oclock.6. The young girl with long black hair seems to be very happy.2. 并列句（Compound Sentence）包括两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立

8、的简单句, 即“简单句+连词+简单句”1. I think, therefore I am.2. She not only writes her own plays, she also acts in them.常用并列连词：平行: and, bothand, not only but also, neithernor 转折: but, however, while, yet因果: for, because, so, so that 选择: or, eitherorExercise:用合适的并列连词把句子合并为并列句He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He w

9、as tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a promise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.4.Mary is opening the door. John is greeting her guests.M

10、ary is opening the door , and John is greeting her guests.5. I like volleyball. My brother likes basketball.I like volleyball, while my brother likes basketball.6. Hurry up. Well be late.Hurry up, or well be late.复合句 = 主句 + 从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.并列复

11、合句：并列句中含有一个或多个从句1. Beethoven wrote nine symphonies, but most of them were written after he had lost his hearing.2. I asked a man who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.从属复合句名词性从句（主，宾，表，同）定语从句状语从句1. I was driving to the airport when it begun to r

12、ain.2. He is the man who wants to see you.3. Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on trees. 4. What the police want to know is when you entered the room. 5. I have no idea what he is doing now. Do you speak English? I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not kn