英语泛读教程Unit_3_Food_Fight

1、Unit 3Text Food FightI. Title vIt refers to a fight against “genetically modified food” (GMF) esp. between E.U. (the European Union) and U.S. (the United States) vGenetically Modified Food (GMF) Food made by reweaving the genes of countless fruits and vegetables or by taking a gene from one plant or

2、 animal & putting it in anotherv转基因食品 是利用现代分子生物技术，将某些生物的基因转移到其他物种中去，改造生物的遗传物质，使其在形状、营养品质、消费品质等方面向人们所需要的目标转变。以转基因生物为直接食品或为原料加工生产的食品就是“转基因食品”。 What is the first GMF produced in America & when did it appear?vGM tomato produced by Monsanto Company first appeared in America in 1994What is the first GMF p

3、roduced in China and when did it appear?vGM rice produced by Yuan Longping, who is considered to be the father of rice, first appeared in China in 1999.The global distribution of GM food Books about GMFII. AuthorvJeffrey Kluger is a senior writer at Time magazine, covering science in general and the

4、 space program in particular and author of several books on science topics including Splendid Solution: Jonas Salk and the Conquest of Polio; Simplexity; Journey Beyond Selene; and Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13, which served as the basis of the 1995 movie, Apollo 13. III. Structure of

5、the TextPart I (para. 1-2) protest against the McDonalds food in France and reasonsPart II (para. 3-7) Popularity of GM food and causesPart III (para. 8-14) Bad effects of GM food & food fight between E.U. & U.S.Part IV (last para.) Conclusion: Consumers attitudes determine the popularity of the GM

6、food IV. Text Analysisengineer vt. arrange by clever secret planning 精明地处理consume eat or drinkskeptical doubting, distrustfulprotest say sth. againstfolks people in generalMcDonalds vMcDonalds the worlds biggest restaurant chain is a symbol of American culture. Why? vIt stands for two of American cu

7、ltural values competition & efficiency. Will you please say sth. about McDonalds?vA fast-food hamburger restaurant founded in California in the 1950s by Mac and Dick McDonald. In 1954, entrepreneur Ray Kroc made a deal with the brothers to sell franchises (特许经销权), and in 1960 paid them $2.7 million

8、for all the trade marks, copyrights, and secrets. Today McDonalds has over 8,000 stores across the U.S, and over 11,000 franchises worldwide. vIt has become the largest minimum-wage employer in America and it owns more real estate than any other company on earth. The restaurants mascot (吉祥物 ), Ronal

9、d McDonald, introduced in 1966, is now recognized by 96 percent of all American shoolchildren, second only to Santa Claus. Its logo, a pair of golden arches has also helped to establish the restaurant as a universal business.vMcDonalds has used many slogans over the years, the most successful one wa

10、s You Deserve a Break Today(1970-74). The companys menu has expanded over the years, but the general philosophy of providing uniform quality and quick service has remained the same. McDonalds has sold over 100 billion burgers. 麦当劳v50年代末由麦克.麦当劳和迪克.麦当劳创办于加利福尼亚洲的一家汉堡包快餐店。1954年，企业家雷.克罗克与两兄弟作了一笔交易，卖给他开设专

11、卖店的特权。1960年，他付给两兄弟270万美元，买下了所有商标、版权和秘方。今天，麦当劳在美国有超过8,000家餐馆，在全世界有超过11,000家专卖店。它已成为美国最大的低工资雇主，它拥有比地球上任何其他公司更多的不动产。v餐馆的吉祥人物罗纳德.麦当劳是1966年开始启用的，现在,美国中小学的孩子们有96%都认识他，仅次于圣诞老人。它的标志，即一对金色的拱门，也有助于它成为一家世界性的企业。麦当劳多年来用过许多广告语，其中最成功的是“你今天应该得到休息”（1970-1974）。该公司的菜单逐年扩大，但保证始终如一的质量和快速的服务这两项宗旨则没有改变。麦当劳已售出超过1000亿份汉堡包。v

12、manure animal waste or other material, v肥料粪便 natural or artificial spread over or v mixed with the soil to make it fertile v vmountain (fig.) sth. immense 巨大之物v a mountain of debts 债台高筑 v a mountain of difficulties 困难重重v The waves were mountain high (very high). vblandness (of food) not hurting the

13、v stomach & without much taste v (食物)清淡vhegemony leadership 霸权主义v vgenteel polite & well-bred 有教养的Why did French farmers protest against McDonalds? Because they disliked the uniquely American food esp. the very genes that make the McDonalds beef or bun or potato what it is, its sameness, its blandne

14、ss, and the culinary hegemony it represents .Why do people around the world grow uneasy with what they eat?vBecause GMF has become an increasing common phenomenon, people worry a lot about the safety of this kind of food.make-up (fig.) composition 成分modify make changes in, make differentreweave put

15、together 编排clear get past or over without touching 通过而未触及v Sotomayor, the Cuban holder of the world high jump record, cleared 2.36 metres.v古巴的世界跳高纪录保持者索托马约尔跳过了2.36米。biotechnics 应用生物学 boom sudden increase in trade activity esp. a time when money is being made quickly 商业之突然繁荣, 尤指可迅速发财的商业繁荣时期Why did th

16、e rise of GM technology mean boom times for biotech companies?vBecause biotech companies made great benefits by the production of GM food.vfallible liable to errorvmuck sth. about/around with spoil sth. by v interfering with itvSomeone has been mucking about with my bicycle.vThe presidents wife does

17、nt muck around with policy or sit in on Cabinet meetings.v总统夫人既没有乱干预政策，也没有列席内阁会议。vwind up arrive or end up in a specified state, v situation, or place最终落得；(以)告终 vKevin wound up in New York.v European Union 欧盟vSince its creation by six founding members in 1952, the European Union has attracted a cons

18、tant stream of newcomers, culminating(达到极点) in its historic expansion from 15 to 27 in 2004 and 2007, which united a continent split by the Cold War for 45 years.vAny European country can join, provided it has a stable democracy that guarantees the rule of law, human rights and the protection of min

19、orities. It must also have a functioning market economy and a civil service capable of applying EU laws in practice.EU members and when they joined v1952 Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, v Netherlands 1973 Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom 1981 Greece 1986 Portugal, Spain 1995 Austria, Fi

20、nland, Sweden 2004 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, v Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia 2007 Bulgaria, Romania Members of E.U.(27)The symbols of EUvThe European Flag It is the symbol not only of the European Union but also of Europes unity and identity in a wider sense. T

21、he circle of 12 gold stars symbolize the ideals of unity, solidarity and harmony among the peoples of Europe.vThe number of stars has nothing to do with the number of Member States. There are twelve stars because the number twelve is traditionally the symbol of perfection, completeness and unity. vT

22、he European anthemv(盟歌盟歌) In 1972, the Council of Europe adopted the Ninth Symphony Ode to Joy (欢乐颂) theme, composed in 1823 by Beethoven, as its own anthem . Without words, in the universal language of music, this anthem expresses the ideals of freedom, peace and solidarity for which Europe stands.

23、 vEurope Day (欧洲日) On the 9th of May 1950, Robert Schuman presented his proposal on the creation of an organised Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations.This proposal, known as the Schuman declaration, is considered to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the Europe

24、an Union.Today, the 9th of May has become a European symbol (Europe Day) which, along with the flag, the anthem, the motto and the single currency (the euro), identifies the political entity of the European Union. Europe Day is the occasion for activities and festivities that bring Europe closer to

25、its citizens and peoples of the Union closer to one another.vthe motto (铭言铭言) of the European Union “United in diversity” (“多元一体”) is the motto of the European Union. vThe motto means that, via the EU, Europeans are united in working together for peace and prosperity, and that the many different cul

26、tures, traditions and languages in Europe are a positive asset (资产, 财产) for the continent. vThe euro (欧元（自 2002 年起欧盟部份国家的货币单位）) is probably the EUs most tangible achievement. The single currency is shared by 16 countries (2009), representing over two thirds of the EU population. Others will follow o

27、nce their economies are ready.vThe EU countries using the euro: vAustria, Belgium, Cyprus (塞浦路斯), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia(斯洛伐克), Slovenia(斯洛文尼亚) and Spain.vDNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸;vthe acid which carries geneti

28、c information in a cell (通过基因控制而得到的)杂交品种vtweak act of pinching & twisting 用力扯/拧vaddress think about and begin to deal with v an issue or problemvA fundamental problem has still to be addressed.vobserve say by way of comment 评述(论) stumble across/on/uponfind or encounter by chance Police had stumbled

29、across a gang of youths.vportend be a sign or warning of (a future v event) 预示vcontroversy prolonged argument, esp. v over social, moral, political matters v 长期的争论vdream up think of or imagine (sth. unusual v or surprising) 凭空想出, 构思vmake (be) a hit be popular or successfulvsoup sth. up increase the

30、power of efficiency; make something more elaborate or impressiveWhy such sooped-up plants are understandably popular with farmers?vBecause even a slight increase in yield can mean a big increase in profits.vthreads componentsvboost increasevchurn out producevamino-acid 氨基酸vMonarch butterfly 昆黑脉金斑蝶vj

31、umpy apprehensive 忧惧的vdioxin 化二氧芑(qi)vcontaminate make dirty, impure, diseased (by touching or adding sth. impure) 染污BeneluxvBenelux Benelux Economic Union (1948年签约成立的)比荷卢经济联盟vBenelux Economic Union vEuropean Community v European Unionvfussy fastidious; worrying about little thingsvban order with au

32、thority that sth. must not be done, v said 下令禁止vmove sth. (to be) done to achieve a purpose步骤vbe sweet on (colloq.) very fond of, in love withv 极喜爱，爱上vperch be situated (on sth. high) 位(于高处）vlofty of great heightvmire involve in difficult ties 陷入困境v Wall StreetvWall Street is the banking center of N

33、ew York City and the financial centre of America. New York Stock Exchange (纽约证券交易所) is situated on this street.vThe statue of the copper bull in front of the New York Stock Exchange symbolizes bull market. Bull market and bear marketvWhen people buy stock, they become part-owners of the company. If

34、the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it, known as the dividend（红利，股息）红利，股息）. If the company loses money, the stock-holders will not receive dividends and the value of their shares will drop. If that happens, stockholders lose money. The term “bull market” means share prices are on the

35、 rise while “bear market” denotes prices are falling.How did Wall Street get its name?vTo find out, we must go back to the early years of exploration in North America.vNew York City was first called New Amsterdam by the explorer Henry Hudson. He was working for a Dutch trading company when he entered what is now the lower Hudson River area in the year 1609. There he found an island that was a perfect trading harbor. The Manhattan Indians lived there.vDutch traders built a town on the end of Manhattan Island. It became a rich trading center. But t