高英unit5loveisafallcy

1、IntroductionMain ideaLanguage pointsMain idea The teaching of four logical fallacies -Hasty Generalization（草率结论） -Post Hoc（牵强附会） -Contradictory Premises（矛盾前提） -Ad Misericordiam（文不对题）Language points1.“It will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve,”(para72)tug:v. pull hard；drag；haul 用力拉，拖，拖曳 at s

2、th.eg. She tugged at his sleeve to get his attention.2.and when she desisted(para72): desist:vi. cease；stop；abstain停止 from sth/doing stheg: They agreed to desist from the bombing campaign.Hasty Generalization草率结论 It applies a special case to general rule. 由个别情形来推断普遍规则Eg:天下乌鸦一般黑、无商不奸、Definition: A fa

3、llacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by sufficient or unbiased(公正的) evidence.A hasty generalization always proceeds from the particular to the general.3.I hid my exasperation.(para74)exasperation:n. 被激怒的状态exasperatev. 使烦恼；使恼怒；激怒 eg:He shook his head in exasperation.I fought off a w

4、ave of despair.（para76）fight off:击退，抵抗 paraphrase: For a moment a feeling of hopelessness came over me, but I managed to keep it off.4.I was getting nowhere with this girl(para 76)get somewhere/anywhere/nowhere:=to make some progress/no progress有所（无所）进展Translation:After six months on the project, at

5、 last I feel Im getting somewhere.那个项目干了六个月之后，我终于感到有了一些进展。Post Hoc（牵强附会，错误因果）The cause has no connection with the result.导致某一现象的原因仅停留在表面上Eg：-每天鸡鸣的时候，太阳就出来了-太阳是因为鸡鸣才出来的Definition:A fallacy in which one event is said to be the cause of a later event simply because it occurred earlier.5.“I know somebod

6、y like that,” she exclaimed. (para78)exclaim:v. to say sth suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain.（由于强烈的感情或痛苦而）惊叫，呼喊 注意： claim reclaim acclaim6.“Ill never do that again,” she promised contritely.(para80)contrite:a. Very sorry for sth bad that you have done深感懊悔的；痛悔的-contrit

7、ely ad. -contrition n.Contradictory Premises矛盾前提 when the premises of an argument contradict each other, there can be no argument. 当论证的前提相互矛盾时，这立论便不能成立 eg： 万物都会死，而上帝永生万物都会死，而上帝永生 Definition: An argument (generally considered a logical fallacy) that draws a conclusion from inconsistent(前后矛盾的)or incom

8、patible(不相容的) premises.7.she chirped, blinking her eyes happily. (para84)chirp:v.1.(of small birds and some insects) to make short high sounds吱喳叫；唧唧叫；发啁啾声2. to speak in a lively and cheerful way轻松愉快的讲话；嘁嘁喳喳的说8.I frowned, but plunged ahead.(para 85)frown:v./n.皱眉；蹙额 at sb./sth.皱眉 on/upon sb./sth不同意，不赞

9、成 9.Who knew? Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somewhere I could fan them into flame.(para95)crater: a bowl-shaped cavity, as at the mouth of a volcano or on the surface of the moon.火山口ember：A glowing piece of coal, wood, etc. from a fire; (pl.)

10、the smoldering remains of a fire.余烬smolderv.1.(无明火地）阴燃，闷燃2.（感情）郁积，压在心头Anger smoldered in his eyes.1.The bonfire was still smoldering the next day.Excise :到了第二天，篝火还在闷燃。2.强压的怒火在他眼里燃烧。 Who knew? A rhetorical question, expressing some doubt or some hope. He might still succeed in teaching Polly some log

11、ic. Nobody could tell for sure. Maybe somewheresmoldered: Metaphor Perhaps there is still some intelligence left in her empty or stupid mind. Pollys mindthe extinct crater of a volcano Some sparks of intelligence-embers 也许， 在她死火山般的脑袋里，还有一点余火在闪烁冒烟。Maybe somehowflame. Metaphor Perhaps I could develop the little intelligence still existing in Pollys mindAd Misericordiam文不对题 answer has no connection with the question. 并无关联的结论与前提 Eg： 委婉应答Definition:An argument based on an appeal to the emoti