新职业英语土建英语Unit8

1、Warming-upReading AListeningSpeaking4123Reading B5Writing6Vocabulary and Structure8Self-evaluation7Grammar9The Greatest Building 10Warming-upTask 1Task 2Warming-upTask 1 Match the following terms with their English translation.1. 展示设计2. 产品设计3. 四维设计4. 家具设计5. 包装设计6. 结构设计7. 平面造型设计8. 工业设计A. product desi

2、gnB. four-dimension designC. packaging designD. display designE. graphic designF. furniture designG. industrial designH. structure designWarming-upTask 2 Complete the following passage with the words given in the box. Change the form if necessary. Alvar Aalto is an internationally famous architect a

3、nd 1 _ . Crucial to his organic design was the consideration for a buildings relationship with its natural surroundings. This could be achieved through the correct choice of colors, materials and shapes. The2 _ is thought to be more important than the sum of its individual parts. Alvars furniture wa

4、s so popular in America that he virtually changed the course of design toward 3 _ . furniture designercomplete effectorganic modernismcomplete effect organic modernism revolutionarySkilled craftsman furniture designer demonstrateWarming-upAlvars furniture has an organic appearance. His chairs look l

5、ike they have been individually made by4 _ using natural materials. The chair on the left is one of the most 5_ chairs at the time, which 6 _ Alvar s revolutionary designs of the 1930s.skilled craftsmenrevolutionarydemonstratescomplete effect organic modernism revolutionarySkilled craftsman furnitur

6、e designer demonstrateReading ATask 1TextTask 2Task 3Task 4Reading ATask 1Before reading the passage, see how much you know about interior design and decoration by answering the following questions.1. What do you think of interior decoration? An art or a hobby?2. What is the purpose of decoration?Re

7、ading AInterior Design and Decoration Since the beginning of time, human beingshave decorated their homes and surroundings.Architectural design, landscaping, interiordecoration are all aspects of the overall need todecorate. By decoration, people try to transformthe merely useful into the beautiful

8、and to givemeaning and importance to buildings. The mainpurpose of decoration is not to make things work,but to delight us.Reading A Though the essence of decoration is beauty beyond function, there are a number of practical necessities when decorating buildings. The most obvious is the need for ide

9、ntification, that is, to tell people what a building is andfor what purpose it was built. The decoration can be a wordless sign, for example, a red-and-white striped pole signifies “barber shop”. Or, decoration can speak indirectly through historical association, for instance, broad and monumental s

10、teps with high colonnaded porch and pediment have come to indicate “an important public building”. If all decoration were removed, a modern bank might be mistaken for a laundry or auto parts store.Reading A Another practical use of decoration in architecture is as a device to change scale: to break

11、down the overall building into small pieces but in a way that the small pieces remain comfortably related to each other. One reason that we enjoy older sections of towns and citiesis that their scale “feels right” to us. Some huge buildings awe us from a distance, but when we approach them, the laye

12、rs of ornamentation become increasingly intimate. The interest in architectural ornament is, in part, an attempt to restore human scale to the built environment,to give people some visual reference against which they can measure themselves and not feel overpowered.Reading A There is also a symbolic

13、force to decoration:it imparts to an object or building some meaningbeyond its actual time, place, or purpose. Formost people, a house is much more than a shelter.Like clothing or furniture, to some extent, itrepresents self-image, social status, lifestyle andprivate fantasy. A house can keep out th

14、e rain, butsometimes, it is the elaborate lamp on the frontdoor, or the intricate carving on the staircasewhich seem to provide people with a sense ofidentity.Reading A室内设计和装饰室内设计和装饰 有史以来，人类都在不断装饰着自己的房有史以来，人类都在不断装饰着自己的房屋和周围环境。建筑设计、景观美化和室内装屋和周围环境。建筑设计、景观美化和室内装修都是装饰的方方面面。通过装饰，人们尝试修都是装饰的方方面面。通过装饰，人们尝试着

15、把仅仅有用的东西进行美化，赋予建筑物意着把仅仅有用的东西进行美化，赋予建筑物意义，使它更加重要。因为装饰本身并非只考虑义，使它更加重要。因为装饰本身并非只考虑用途。而是为了让我们感到愉悦。用途。而是为了让我们感到愉悦。Reading A 虽然装饰的本质是功能之上的美丽，但在装饰虽然装饰的本质是功能之上的美丽，但在装饰建筑物上还是有许多实际需要。最明显的一点就是建筑物上还是有许多实际需要。最明显的一点就是身份确定：即告诉人们这是一栋什么房子，建造它身份确定：即告诉人们这是一栋什么房子，建造它的目的是什么。装饰本身是一个无言的标志，如红的目的是什么。装饰本身是一个无言的标志，如红白相间的条纹柱子就

16、标志着这是一家白相间的条纹柱子就标志着这是一家“理发店理发店”。或者装饰也可以通过历史的联想说明身份。例如，或者装饰也可以通过历史的联想说明身份。例如，例如，又高又富丽堂皇的台阶，配上有高大柱廊的例如，又高又富丽堂皇的台阶，配上有高大柱廊的门廊和三角墙，往往暗示着这是门廊和三角墙，往往暗示着这是“重要的公共建重要的公共建筑筑”。如果去掉所有的装饰，一家现代的银行可能。如果去掉所有的装饰，一家现代的银行可能被误认为是一家干洗店或汽车零件商店。被误认为是一家干洗店或汽车零件商店。Reading A 建筑装饰的另一个实际用途是改变比例：通建筑装饰的另一个实际用途是改变比例：通过装饰，将整个大楼划分成

17、较小的区域，各小区过装饰，将整个大楼划分成较小的区域，各小区域之间方便地连通。我们喜爱城镇和城市的老城域之间方便地连通。我们喜爱城镇和城市的老城区就是因为那里区就是因为那里“感觉合适感觉合适”。庞大的建筑在远。庞大的建筑在远处看来使人畏惧。但当走近这些建筑后，层层的处看来使人畏惧。但当走近这些建筑后，层层的装饰会让我们觉得越来越亲切。人们对建筑装饰装饰会让我们觉得越来越亲切。人们对建筑装饰的兴趣的一部分原因就是试图将人回归环境，提的兴趣的一部分原因就是试图将人回归环境，提供视觉上的参照，以便人们可以据此来衡量自己，供视觉上的参照，以便人们可以据此来衡量自己，而不感到压抑。而不感到压抑。Read

18、ing A 装饰还具有象征意义：装饰可以给一件物品或装饰还具有象征意义：装饰可以给一件物品或一栋建筑赋予某种意义，而这种意义超越它实际存一栋建筑赋予某种意义，而这种意义超越它实际存在的时间、地点或目的。对于大多数人来说，房子在的时间、地点或目的。对于大多数人来说，房子不仅仅是居住的地方，正如服装和家具一样，它在不仅仅是居住的地方，正如服装和家具一样，它在某种程度上代表了主人的自我形象、社会地位、生某种程度上代表了主人的自我形象、社会地位、生活方式或私人幻想。房屋可以遮风避雨，但在一些活方式或私人幻想。房屋可以遮风避雨，但在一些时候，正是门前精心设计的灯和楼梯上精美的雕刻时候，正是门前精心设计的

19、灯和楼梯上精美的雕刻展示了主人的身份。展示了主人的身份。Reading Atransformv. 使改观，使变形；使转化e.g.1. The local government is considering about transforming the park into a tourist attraction. 当地政府正考虑把公园改成旅游景点。 2. In the last 30 years China has been transformed into an advanced industrial country. 在过去的30年里，中国已经变成一个先进的工 业国家。Reading Ad

20、elightv. 使（某人）满意，愉快e.g.1. I had been expecting her letter for such a long time and when it arrived, it delighted me. 我盼她的信盼了很久，收到信时，它让我很高 兴。 2. She delighted the people in the meeting with her charm and sparkling wit. 她用自己的魅力和机智诙谐让与会的人们感到 很愉快。Reading Aessencen. 本质，实质；要素e.g.1. The essence of his argu

21、ment was that education should continue throughout life. 他论点的本质就是教育应当伴随人的一生。 2. The painter tries to capture the essence of his subjects in his paintings. 这位画家在画中努力抓住所选对象的实质。Reading Asignifyv. 代表，表示，象征，意味着e.g.1. Nobody really knows what the marks on the ancient stones signify。 没有人真正知道远古时期的石头上的标志 象征着

22、什么。 2. Some tribes use animal markings to signify totems. 一些部落用动物标志代表图腾。Reading Amonumentaladj. 宏大的，丰碑式的，伟大而不朽的e.g.1. The artist spent years on his monumental painting, which covered the whole roof of the church. 这位艺术家花了很多年在他宏大的画作上，这幅 作品覆盖了整座教堂的屋顶。 2. Charles Darwins monumental study is “The Origin

23、of Species”. 查尔斯达尔文的伟大作品是物种起源。Reading Asectionn. 部分e.g.1. That section of the road is still closed. 那段路仍然关闭。 2. The chopsticks go in the front section of the drawer. 筷子放在抽屉内靠前的地方。Reading Aapproachv. 走近；靠近；接近e.g.1. As you approach the school, the first building you can see is the modern library. 当你走近

24、学校的时候，你看到的第一栋 楼就是现代的图书馆。 2. As they approached the wood a mouse ran out of the grass. 他们走近树林的时候，一只老鼠从树丛 里跑了出来。Reading Arestorev. 使回复；使恢复e.g.1. These ancient paintings have all been carefully restored. 这些古代的画作被小心地复原了。 2. The government try to restore the economy to full strength. 政府努力使经济完全恢复。 Reading

25、 Asymbolicadj. 象征的，象征性的e.g.1. Five hundred troops were sent in, more as a symbolic gesture than as a real threat. 五百人的军队被派往那里，作为象征性的 标志而不是真正的威胁。 2. The symbolic painting inspired us. 这幅有象征意义的画启发了我们。 Useful Expression： be symbolic of sth. 是的象征 Reading Aimpartv. （向某人）传授（知识、智慧），透露（信息）e.g.1. I was rathe

26、r quiet as I didnt feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject. 我非常平静，因为我认为我在这一问题 上没有非常多的想法用来分享。 2. He had information that he couldnt wait to impart. 他迫不及待的想去传达他知道的信息。Reading Asheltern. 庇护所；避难所；遮蔽物e.g.1. They opened a shelter to provide temporary housing for the citys homeless people. 他们开了一个庇护所

27、，为城市里无家可归的 人提供临时的住宿。 2. We fixed up a shelter from the snow and strong wind. 我们搭起一个挡避风雪的地方。Reading Afantasyn. 幻想，想象e.g.1. Steves favorite fantasy was to own a big house and a flashy car. 史蒂文最美的幻想就是拥有一所大房子 和一辆绚丽的车。 2. She used to indulge in fantasies about being a famous actress. 她过去常沉溺于当一名著名演员的幻想中。R

28、eading Aelaborateadj. 精心制作的；详尽的；复杂的e.g.1. They are making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding. 他们为婚礼做了精心的准备。 2. Elaborate precautions were taken to ensure her safety. 为保证她的安全，已采取了周密的预防措施。Reading Aintricateadj. 错综复杂的e.g.1. The watch mechanism is extremely intricate and very difficult to r

29、epair. 这块手表的构造非常复杂，很难修理。 2. The carpet is very expensive which has an intricate pattern. 这块有复杂花纹的地毯很昂贵。 Reading Aawev. 使人敬畏或惊惧e.g.1. The visitors were awed by the splendor of the waterfall. 那些游客对瀑布的壮观景象大为惊叹。 2. After the earthquake, they were awed by the terrible situation. 地震过后，他们被眼前可怕的情景惊 呆了。Readi

30、ng Aornamentn. 装饰；点缀e.g.1. Their new house is full of little ornaments. 他们的新房里摆满了小装饰品。 2. They designed the plain architecture with very little ornament. 他们设计的是朴实无华的建筑风格。Reading ATask 2Read the passage and match each paragraph with the corresponding aspect of decoration.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragra

31、ph 3Paragraph 4A. Humans love of decorationB. The symbolic force to decorationC. Decoration as a device to change scaleD. Decoration for identificationReading ATask 3 Read the passage again and answer the following questions.1. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of decoration? _2. Wh

32、ich factor does decoration mainly focus on, function or beauty? _3. What is the most obvious practical necessity of decoration of buildings mentioned in the passage? _4. What can a red-and-white stripped pole in front of a building suggest? _To delight people.Beauty.The need for identification.This

33、is a barber shop.Reading A5. Which type of buildings usually has broad and monumental steps? _6. Why do people enjoy older sections of towns and cities rather than the new sections? _ _7. Why do we claim that a house is more than a shelter? _ _8. What does “the symbolic force to decoration” mean? _

34、_Important public buildings.Because the scales in the older ones make people feel more comfortable.Because a house also represents self-image, social status, lifestyle, and private fantasy.It indicates that decoration can give special meaning to an object or building.Reading ATask 4 Complete the fol

35、lowing statements with words or phrases from the passage.1. The report stresses the _ (需要) of eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.2. Please see to it that no one comes in without _ (身份证明).3. This part of the country held many pleasant _ (联想) for her.4. I felt _ (无法忍受) by the smell of the gar

36、bage.5. This organization works to promote the _ (社 会地位) of retired people as useful members of the community.6. I was rather quiet as I didnt feel I had much wisdom to _ (给予，传授) on the subject.necessityidentificationassociationsoverpoweredsocial statusimpartListeningTask 2Task 3Task 4Task 1Listenin

37、gTask 1 Frank, an interior designer, is talking with his customer, Ms. Huang. Listen to the conversationand tick the items mentioned.ToiletKitchenLiving roomBarBalconyBedroomReading roomChildrens roomListening Frank: Ms. Huang, we have worked out severalplans for the interior decoration of yourhouse

38、. Would you please have a look andthen we discuss them in more detail?Ms. Huang: Thats great. Which plans do you thinksuit us, a young couple like my husband andme? We are paying a lot for the mortgage,so we dont have much left in our budget fordecoration.Frank: I recommend this plan. Good designdoe

39、s not need to be expensive. This planis simple but tasteful without a lot of extraListeningTask 2 Listen to the conversation in Task 1 again and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Frank: Ms. Huang, we have 1 _ several plans for the interior decoration of your house. Would you please have a look

40、and then we discuss them in more detail?Ms. Huang: Thats great. Which plans do you think suit us, a(n) 2 _ like my husband and me? We are paying a lot for the 3 _ , so we dont have much left in our 4 _ for decoration. Frank: I recommend this plan. Good design does not need to be expensive. This plan

41、 is simple but tasteful without a lot of extra 5_ . We are aiming at a practical and multifunctional home which you will feel to be 6_ .worked outyoung couplemortgagebudgetornamentationcozy and comfortableListeningMs. Huang: Yes, that sounds right for us. But I think this plan which 7 _ the kitchen

42、with the living room is too modern for us. I cant see why we need a bar here. Frank: This design allows for a lot of 8 _ . Light can reach the living room from the balcony via the kitchen. Since there are only two of you, a bar 9 _ more space than a regular dinner table with four chairs around it. M

43、s. Huang: Oh, I see. Thats 10 _ . Thats exactly what I want. Thank binesnatural lightsavesperfectListeningTask 3 Tony and Wallace are talking about the completion certificate. Listen to the conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).TFTFFFT1. Tony wants to sub

44、mit their application for the completion certificate, but Wallace disagrees.2. According to the contract, a completion certificate should be issued before the decoration is completed.3. The inspector has not checked all the necessary items.4. Wallace concerns with the decoration materials, especiall

45、y the quality of water valves and electric wires.5. A supplement contract about the facilities has been signed by the two parties.6. Tony has promised to offer assistance in maintaining electrical and engineering facilities for free.7. They might cooperate again in the future.Listening Tony: Good af

46、ternoon, Wallace. Today, I would liketo submit our application for the completioncertificate for the Greenwich Building.Wallace: In my opinion its too early to issuethe certificate now. Our contract says “Acompletion certificate will be issued whenall the decoration work is completed and allapplianc

47、es have been tested”. The buildingis still under construction and the decorationisnt finished. We cant move forward yet.Tony: But Im afraid your inspector completed therelevant forms 10 days ago. Doesnt thatListeningTask 4Listen to the conversation in Task 3 again and fill in the blanks with what yo

48、u hear. Tony: Good afternoon, Wallace. Today, I would like to submit our application for the completion certificate for the Greenwich Building.Wallace: In my opinion its too early to 1 _ now. Our contract says “A completion certificate will be issued when all the decoration work is completed and all

49、 appliances have been tested”. The building is still under construction and the decoration isnt finished. We cant move forward yet. Tony: But Im afraid your inspector 2 _ _10 days ago. Doesnt that count as a sign-off on the work?issue the certificate completed the relevant formsListeningWallace: No,

50、 that was only to do with the external paintwork. There are still a number of features that the inspector hasnt checked. If you have time, I would like to talk about this with you. Tony: Sure. Its better that 3 _ _.Wallace: First, we want to make sure that the decoration materials comply with nation

51、al standards. Tony: We can 4 _ relevant to all our purchases.Wallace: Can you guarantee the quality of the plumbing and wiring materials? It was agreed that you would provide them? we both know what is happeningprovide all the documentsListening Tony: Yes, no problem. We could 5_ _ giving you detail

52、s of the 5 year guarantee on them, if that is what you want?Wallace: Thatll be great. If this project continues well, we will be interested in further cooperation with you when its completed. Things have gone very smoothly so far. Tony: Its an honor for us to work with you. We also have a team, 6 _

53、of electrical and engineering facilities.Wallace: Yes, we need to discuss future maintenance contracts. Lets keep in touch. sign a supplementary contractresponsible for regular maintenanceSpeakingTask 2Task 3Task 4Task 1SpeakingTask 1 Work by yourself. Read the following expressions and learn them b

54、y heart.Referring to past experienceIts been my experience thatAccording to my experienceOur experience shows thatGiving detailsLet me put that another way.Let me go over that again.I will explain that again, in more details.Asking for clarificationCan you clarify the issues?Can you tell me more abo

55、ut the situation?Can you give us more details on what has happened?Could you please explain the present situation?SpeakingMaking a compromiseWe suggest a compromise ofPerhaps we can compromise on this.Why dont we compromise on this?Making a dealThen its settled.Its a great deal.Lets make it a deal.S

56、peakingTask 2 Work in pairs. Read the following conversation and replace the underlined expressions with those in Task 1. Then role-play it.A: Linda, whats going on here?B: Oh, recently, there have been a lot of stories that the decoration materials of poor quality have been used in our project to s

57、ave costs.A: Can you tell me more about the situation?B: Some people say that the local engineers know all about these things. They didnt report it because they had taken extra money.A: According to my experience, its absolutely impossible! Have you ever checked the materials?SpeakingB: Yes, we did

58、check the materials during our inspection, and no bad materials were found. But its still possible that they replace the good ones after inspection.A: Even if we have nothing to do with this, people would still think its our fault for not checking carefully enough. And then we will be in big trouble

59、.B: Im afraid so. Let me put that another way. If the decoration of the building continues, more faulty materials might be bought and used. We need to make quick decision and take control of it right away.A: I couldnt agree more with you.SpeakingTask 3 Work in pairs. Make a conversation according to

60、 the situation below. You can refer to the expressions in Task 1. The beginning part has been given.Situation:Helen and Tom are talking about the rising prices ofdecoration materials.Sample beginning:Helen: According to my experience, the present price for the decoration materials is unbelievable, a