大学英语四级学习资料

1、the festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, new year fitness regimes are too.despite 2.6m people starting diets on new years day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, shunning exercise and gorging on comfort food.findings, released by wei

2、ghtloss firm xls-medical, suggest that the vast majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week.two out of 10 dieters admitted they have their first diet relapse just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause.boredom and alcohol were also blamed fo

3、r people failing to keep their health kick on track.dr matt capehorn, clinical director of the national obesity forum, highlighted that just one day off from dieting can undo a weeks worth of hard work.he told female first: a healthy diet, aimed at losing 1lb per week, relies on saving 3500 calories

4、 a week by having 500 calories less each day.a day off the diet should mean that you eat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge and have thousands of calories more than they need.the results suggest that a massive 590,000 could already have failed to stick to new year diet

5、 resolutions.and a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.overall it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until theyve reached their target weight.新年假期会很快成为遥远的回忆，而对很多人来说，新年的减肥计划也会很快被抛之脑后。调查显示，尽管英国有260万人在新年第一天开始减肥，但在当周

6、结束时，已有92%的节食减肥者放弃，不再运动，而且开始大吃大喝。英国减重中心xls-medical发布的这项调查结果表明，大多数人都无法在制定节食减肥计划的一周内坚持五天。五分之一的节食减肥者承认自己在四五天的时间里就坚持不住了，他们提到的主要原因是饥饿。无聊的情绪和酒精刺激也让他们无法坚持瘦身计划。英国国家肥胖论坛临床主任马特凯派恩博士强调指出，仅仅一天不节食就会毁掉一周的努力。他告诉female first杂志说：“健康的瘦身是一星期减去1磅，有赖于一周减少3500卡路里摄取，而一天减少500卡路里的摄取即可。”“免节食一天应该意味着你摄入正确的食量，而很多节食者把这看作大吃大喝的借口，吃

7、进的卡路里数量比需要的多出好几千。”调查结果显示，有多达59万人可能已经放弃了新年减肥计划。而且还有很多人不清楚一天不坚持对其减肥计划的负面影响。总的来说，仅有5%的女性能坚持到最后，直到实现瘦身目标。1.you cant have good ideas unless youre willing to generate a lot of bad ones.只有先制造了无数的坏点子才能创造出一个好点子。2.a good idea without action is worth nothing.如果没有切实执行，再好的点子也是徒劳。3.change is often resisted when i

8、t is needed the most.最需要做出改变的人往往最不愿意改变。4.you cant change other people; you can only offer guidance, and lead by example.你不可能改变他人，你能做的只是提供指导并以身作则。5.its usually only as good or bad as you think it is.无论是好是坏，其实都是我们自己想出来的。6.most of the bad things you worry about will never happen. most of the bad things

9、 that do happen will have never have crossed your worried mind.大多数你认为的坏事都不会发生；大多数发生的坏事你从未提前想到过。7.some circumstances are uncontrollable, but we can always decide how we react to those circumstances.有些事情是你没办法控制的，但如何去应对这些事情是由你决定的。8.those who complain the most, accomplish the least.抱怨最多的人，收获最少。9.wheneve

10、r somebody discredits you, and tells you that you cant do something, keep in mind that they are speaking from within the boundaries of their own limitations.当别人质疑你的能力，告诉你你办不到的时候，请记住，他们只是在以他们自己的能力来衡量你。10.every problem you have in your life right now is your responsibility, regardless of who initially

11、 caused it.在你生活中遇到的每一个问题，都是你的责任，无论这个问题是谁引起的。11.having a plan, even a flawed one at first, is better than no plan at all.先制定计划，即使这个计划还有缺陷也比没有任何计划要好。12.what you do every day matters more than what you do every once in a while.每天持之以恒做事比三天打鱼两天晒网要重要得多。13.what you dont start today wont be finished by tomo

12、rrow.你今天不开始行动，明天怎么可能完成呢。14.if youre waiting for the perfect conditions, ideas or plans to get started, youll never achieve anything.如果你要等有了完美的条件、想法或计划才开始行动，那你会一事无成。15.you cannot change what you refuse to confront.不去面对，何谈改变。16.kindness and hard work together will always carry you farther than intelli

13、gence.比起天资聪颖，友爱仁慈和努力工作会带你走得更远。17.lots of successful people have failed as many times as they have succeeded.有许多的成功人士，他们失败的次数远比他们成功的次数要多得多。18.being successful is a journey, not a destination.获得成功是一次旅行，而不是一个终点。19.to be successful does not mean you have to dominate others; it means you have to dominate

14、 your own potential.成功不意味着你要掌控别人，而是要掌控你自己的潜能。20.your success isnt just about you. its about how you positively impact the lives around you.你的成功不仅仅与你个人有关，它意味着你要给你周围的人带去积极的影响。1. stay positive.you can listen to the cynics and doubters and believe that success is impossible or you can know that with fai

15、th and an optimistic attitude all things are possible.保持积极乐观的心态。你可以选择听愤青和怀疑论者在那里叨念“成功是不可能的”，你也可以选择坚守信仰，保持乐观的心态，相信“万事皆有可能”。2. when you wake up in the morning complete the following statement: my purpose is_.每天早上起床的时候，就想想怎么填完整下面这句话：我的目标是_。3. take a morning walk of gratitude. it will create a fertile m

16、ind ready for success.每天早晨进行一次”感恩散步“，这会滋养你的精神沃土，为成功做好准备。4. instead of being disappointed about where you are. think optimistically about where you are going.与其对你现在所处的位置感到失望，不如乐观地想想你前进的方向。5. eat. eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a college kid with a maxed out charge card

17、.吃东西。早餐吃得像国王，午餐吃得像王子，晚餐吃得像用光了赊账卡限额的学生。6. remember that adversity is not a dead-end but a detour to a better outcome.记住，逆境并不是尽头，而是更好的结果的一个转角而已。7. focus on learning, loving, growing and serving.专注于学习、关爱、成长和服务。8. believe that everything happens for a reason. expect good things to come out of challengin

18、g experiences.你要相信凡事皆有因果。面对挑战才能有好事降临。9. dont waste your precious energy on gossip, energy vampires, issues of the past, negative thoughts or things you cannot control. instead invest your energy in the positive present moment.别在流言蜚语上、过去的事情上、消极的想法上和你不能控制的事情上浪费你宝贵的精力。相反，积极的当下时刻才是你需要花精力的地方。10. mentor s

19、omeone and be mentored by someone.指导别人，同时也接受别人的指导。11. life isnt fair, but its still good.生活就是不公平的，但还过得下去。12. remember theres no substitute for hard work.什么也代替不了努力工作。13. each day when you wake up in the morning ask: “what are the three most important things i need to do today that will help me create

20、 the success i desire?”then tune out all the distractions and focus on these actions.每天早晨起来问问自己：”今天我要做哪三件可以助我成功的事情？“然后抛开杂念，全神贯注完成这些事情。14. complaining is like vomiting. afterwards you feel better but everyone around you feels sick.抱怨就跟呕吐一样。你自己是爽了，可你周围的人都得跟着遭殃。15. read more books than you did last yea

21、r.今年比去年多读点书。16. get more sleep. you cant replace sleep with a double latte.保证睡眠时间，一杯特浓拿铁替代不了一夜好眠。17. each day focus on what you get to do, not what you have to do. life is a gift not an obligation.每天关注在你想做什么，而不是你要做什么。生活是恩赐而不是义务。18. each night before you go to bed complete the following statements: i

22、 am thankful for _. today i accomplished_.每晚临睡前完成如下陈述：我对_充满感恩。今天我完成了_。19. smile and laugh more. they are natural anti-depressants.微笑大笑，多多益善。这是天然的抗抑郁药。20. enjoy the ride. you only have one ride through life so make the most of it and enjoy it.珍惜你的人生之旅。每个人只能有一次这样的人生旅行，尽你所能地享受珍惜你的人生吧。1. minimize televi

23、sion watching少看电视the problem is watching television doesnt use your mental capacity or allow it to recharge. dont you feel drained after a couple hours of tv? your eyes are sore and tired from being focused on the light box for so long. when you feel like relaxing, try reading a book instead. if you

24、re too tired, listen to some music. when youre with your friends or family, leave the tube off and have a conversation. all of these things use your mind more than television and allow you to relax.看电视的时候，你就很少用脑，也不会学到太多。在看了几个小时的电视后，你是不是觉得口干舌燥？在长时间盯着电视机后，眼睛会不会觉得酸痛疲劳？当你想要放松的时候，就选择看书吧。如果感到劳累，那就听音乐。和家人朋

25、友在一起的时候，就多和他们聊聊天，别再去看电视了。无论是看书、听音乐、还是聊天都比看电视要好，还能让你得到放松。2. exercise锻炼time spent exercising always leads to greater learning because it improves productivity during the time afterwards. using your body clears your head and creates a wave of energy. afterwards, you feel invigorated and can concentrate

26、 more easily.锻炼可以促进你的学习，因为锻炼可以提高工作效率。用你的身体来使你的头脑更加清醒，为你创造更多活力。在运动后，你会觉得精力充沛，而且更容易集中精神。3. read challenging books阅读有挑战性的书籍if you want to improve your thinking and writing ability you should read books that make you focus. reading a classic novel can change your view of the world and will make you thin

27、k in more precise, elegant english. dont be afraid to look up a word if you dont know it, and dont be afraid of dense passages. take your time, re-read when necessary, and youll soon grow accustomed to the authors style.如果你想提高思维和写作能力，那就要阅读那些能让你集中注意力的书籍。经典名著不仅可以改变你的世界观，还能让你感受精准优美的语言魅力。不要担心在阅读中会遇到生词，也

28、不要担心那些诘曲聱牙的篇章。慢慢来，多读几遍，不久你就会适应作者的写作风格了。4. early to bed, early to rise早睡早起youll be most rejuvenated if you go to bed early and dont sleep more than 8 hours. if you stay up late and compensate by sleeping late, youll wake up lethargic and have trouble focusing. the early morning hours are the most tra

29、nquil and productive. waking up early gives you more productive hours and maximizes your mental acuity all day.早睡，并且睡眠时间不要超过8小时，这样你就能最大限度地恢复精力。如果晚睡晚起，你醒来的时候就会觉得毫无生气，而且注意力很难集中。早上是最安静、最有效率的时候。早起一点，你将会得到高效工作的几个小时，还能使你一整天的精神状态都更加敏锐。5. take time to reflect反思自省spending some time alone in reflection gives

30、you a chance organize your thoughts and prioritize your responsibilities. afterwards, youll have a better understanding of whats important and what isnt. the unimportant stuff wont bother you anymore and your mind will feel less encumbered.花点时间用来自省，可以使你理清头绪，对于你要承担的责任分出一个轻重缓急来。通过反思，你会知道什么是重要的，什么是不重要的

31、。那些不重要的事将不会再困扰你，你也就不用再为此费神了。conclusion结语none of these techniques which have been proposed are revolutionary. but simple, unexciting answers are often the most valid. the challenge is having the will to adhere to them. if you succeed in following these 5 tips, youll be rewarded with increased mental

32、acuity and retention of knowledge.以上所说的建议没有哪一条是具有革命性的大改变，这些都是简单平常的答案而已。不过正是这些建议才是最有效的，关键在于你能不能坚持去做。如果你按照上面的五个建议去做，你不仅会变得更聪明，而且可以获得更多的知识。1.only you: human lips are different from those of all other animals because they are everted, meaning that they purse outward.1.人类的嘴唇是外翻的，这一点和所有其他动物都不一样。2.but we a

33、re not the only species to engage in kissing-like behaviors. great apes press their lips together to express excitement, affection, or reconciliation.2.但人类并不是唯一一个会做出“接吻”行为的物种。类人猿（包括大猩猩、黑猩猩、长臂猿等）在表达兴奋、喜爱或和解的时候也会将彼此的嘴唇贴在一起。3.scientists are not sure why humans kiss, but some think the answer lies in ea

34、rly feeding experiences. through nursing and (in some cultures) receiving pre-chewed food from a parents mouth, infants may learn to associate lip pressure with a loving act.3.科学家们并不确切知道人类为什么要接吻，但一些人认为接吻行为和早期哺乳经历有关。通过哺乳在一些文化中母亲还会将嚼碎的食物嘴对嘴喂给婴儿婴儿可能学会了将嘴唇接触和表达爱意联系起来。4.another possibility: smelling a lo

35、ved ones cheek has long served as a means of recognition in cultures around the world, from new zealand to alaska. over time, a brush of the lips may have become a traditional accompaniment.4.另一种可能是：在世界各地从新西兰到阿拉斯加嗅闻所爱之人的脸颊一直都是表达认可的一种方式，久而久之，可能就伴随着发展出了碰触嘴唇这样一种传统礼仪。5.and yet kissing is not universal,

36、leading some experts to think it might actually be a learned behavior.5.但接吻行为也并不是全球通行的，因此有一些专家认为它可能是一种后天习得的行为。6.the roman military introduced kissing to many non-kissing cultures; later it was european explorers who carried the torch.6.古罗马军队将接吻行为带到了许多没有这种传统的文化中；后来欧洲的探险家们又将它带到了新大陆。7.being close enoug

37、h to kiss helps our noses assess compatibility. in a landmarkstudy, biologists reported that women prefer the scents of men whose immunity-coding genes are different from their own. mixing genes that way may produce offspring with a stronger immune system.7.在近到足够接吻的距离下，我们的鼻子能够判断对方是否适合相处。在一项里程碑式的研究中，

38、生物学家们发现女人能够靠气味识别出那些免疫系统编码基因与自己不同的男人，从而影响她们对伴侣的选择，因为混合的基因可以让后代拥有更强的免疫系统。8.love is the drug: dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with feelings of desire and reward, spikes in response to novel experiences, which explains why a kiss with someone new can feel so special.8.多巴胺是一种神经递质，负责传递欲望和兴奋等感觉，在经历

39、新事物的时候活动最为强烈。这就可以解释为什么跟某个新认识的人接吻感觉如此不同。9.in some people, a jolt of dopamine can cause a loss of appetite and an inability to sleep, symptoms commonly associated with falling in love.9.对某些人来说，少量多巴胺就会引起食欲下降和失眠，而这些症状通常被当做坠入爱河的征兆。10.holding hands and kissing reduces levels of the stress hormone cortisol

40、, thereby lowering blood pressure and optimizing immune response.10.牵手和接吻可以降低“压力荷尔蒙”皮质醇的水平，因此可以降低血压和提高免疫反应。11.and a passionate kiss has the same effect as belladonna in making our pupils dilate.11.一个深情的吻可以和颠茄（一种有毒植物）一样让人的瞳孔扩大。12.prelude to a kiss: two-thirds of all people turn their head to the righ

41、t when kissing. this behavior may mirror the head-turning preference observed in babies and even in fetuses.12.三分之二的人在接吻时会将头转向右边。这和婴儿甚至胎儿在转头时的偏好是一致的。13.evolutionary psychologists have discovered that men are far more likely to prefer sloppy tongue kisses than women.13.进化论心理学家发现，男人比女人更喜欢湿乎乎的舌吻。14.alw

42、ays brush and floss, boys. evolutionary psychologists found that when deciding whether to kiss someone, women pay much closer attention than men do to the breath and teeth of their partner.14.进化论心理学家还发现，在决定是否要同一个人接吻时，女人会比男人更加注意对方的呼吸和牙齿。所以小伙子们，记得好好刷牙。15.you give love a bad name: one milliliter of sal

43、iva contains about 100,000,000 bacteria.15.但是无论如何，一毫升唾液中还是有大约10亿个细菌。1. listen。第一招：倾听a lot of conflicts are based in misunderstandings, so always make sure youre getting everything, it can be easy enough to tune someone out when they annoy you; the trick is to use careful questioning to focus the oth

44、er person on the topic at hand so they give you what you need and avoid straying too far. poor listening leads to misunderstandings that need clarification which means more time spent with someone youd really rather not be around。许多冲突都源自误会，所以，请先确认你领会了对方的意思。在碰到烦人的家伙时，不予理会并不是件难事，不过这里有个诀窍：提问的时候要有的放矢，以获

45、得所需的讯息，使谈话步上正轨，而不是被扯远了去。倾听不力导致的直接后果就是误会重重，为了消除这些误会，你需要花费更多的时间在澄清事实上，也就意味着会有更多与“极品们”共处的时间。2. repeat everything。第二招：复述besides the tendency to tune out people youd rather avoid, our feelings about another person can color our perception of what theyre saying. to avoid this, repeat back any instructions

46、, questions, or other problems they pose to you to make sure you absolutely understand what theyre saying. give them a chance to correct you before you go off half-cocked, sure you know what “that kind of person” wants。当不得不和讨厌的人共事时，除去那种“不由自主地就想忽略ta”的感觉以外，我们的主观感觉也在左右着我们对对方语义的认知。为了避免这种情况，请在听到对方的指示、提问或

47、其它任何抛给你的任务时，先把它重复一遍，以确定你已正确领会了对方的意思。在你一知半解地进行工作以前，先给他们一个纠正误解的机会这样就可以避免自己出糗了(你很清楚的，他们最爱看你出糗了哦)。3. keep your cool。第三招：保持冷静its tempting to want to argue with people who rub you the wrong way, or to lose it and start pointing out their faults. dont do that! unless theyre wrong about something that direc

48、tly and materially affects you, dont bother starting a debate or, worse, an argument will only prolong your agony and neither of you is likely to change your mind. save the debates for when youre with friends whose opinions matter to you。是的，我知道，你有时候总忍不住想和那个冒犯了你的人争执一番，或是干脆爆发出来，一一历数对方的错误。别！除非他们做了什么直接有

49、损你名誉和利益的事，否则，就让它一边儿去吧。争执和吵闹只会增加你的痛苦并且，也不会改变你们任何一方的想法。想评理的话，找朋友说去吧，他们的意见才重要。4. be clear about boundaries。第四招：界限分明you dont have to be friends with everyone. which means you dont have to do favors for everyone who asks. if someones encroaching on your time, simply tell them, “im sure this is important

50、to you but it simply isnt a priority for me right now. i really need to work on x and not y。” again, theres no need to be mean, just redirect the conversations whenever conversation drifts into areas that arent relevant and where you know youll be annoyed。你不需要和每个人都成为朋友。这就意味着：你没必要取悦每一个人。假如有人想占用你的时间，直

51、接告诉ta：“我知道这事儿对您来说很重要，但是现在我还有别的本职的事儿要做。” 并不是教你变得冷漠无情，我的意思是：每当话题扯远了、或是即将触碰到你底线的这种时候，灵活地再把它扯回来就行。5. fight fire with ice。第五招：及时灭火the worst thing you can do with an angry or irrational person is engage him or her. in the heat of aggression, any word or action interpreted as aggressive in response will on

52、ly trigger more aggression and most of the item, if someone is upset and railing about it, every word and action will be read as aggression. as hard as it might seem to do, the best thing is to sit quietly and let them spend themselves ranting and raving, and then ask if theyd like to schedule a tim

53、e to discuss the matter more calmly and return to whatever you were doing. if this sets off another round of yelling, simply wait it out and repeat。面对一个怒发冲冠的人，“和他计较”是最糟糕的做法。在这种时候，任何不当的言行都很可能会火上浇油即使是正常的举止，在愤怒的人眼中也会被误读。遇到这种情况，最好的办法是安静地坐下来，等他们宣泄完怒气，然后问道：“您愿意先冷静一下，然后挑个时间，让我们来讨论一下xx问题吗？”假如你话音刚落，对方又开始大发雷霆

54、没关系，保持淡定，再试一次。6. close the door。第六招：拒绝干扰while you may have to interact with people you dont care for in any number of situations, remember that your time is your own and dont let other people, especially ones youd rather not interact with, take control of your time. communication outside of the narr

55、ow band needed to fulfill both of your objectives should be minimized which often means forcefully limiting such talk. make it clear when you are unavailable, and make yourself unavailable as often as possible. if you have the power, require that your partner make an appointment, and gently reject a

56、ny effort to discuss your work or projects outside of that scheduled time. people even annoying people tend to respect the time of people who make a clear showing that they take their own time very seriously。当你不得不和讨厌的人共事时，记住：时间是自己的，别让任何人掌控，尤其是那些你讨厌的。唠家常之类的闲聊要严格杜绝。没空聊就是没空聊让自己尽可能地保持“没空”状态吧。有可能的话，和对方事先

57、约好谈话时间，并礼貌地拒绝任何“计划外”的干扰。每个人(极品们也不例外)都会尊重认真计划时间的人。7. youre valuable. remember it。第七招：你是有价值的，记住这点。if youve found yourself in a position where you are obligated for some reason to spend time with someone you dislike, remember that most likely, they are in the same position and its you they dislike. but

58、 you wouldnt be in that situation if you didnt provide something of value whether thats a work skill or talent, specialized knowledge, even things as abstract as emotional support or solidarity. you have a mission, so to speak, and everything that distracts you from that mission reduces your value。当你不得不和讨厌的人打交道时，没关系，记住人家也有同样的感觉，因为讨厌是相互的。但要记住：如果你之前没体现出自己的价值，你就连这打交道的机会都得不到。不管这价值指的是某种工作技能、天份、专业知识、抑或是抽象的情感支持、或凝聚力等。你是具有使命的。任何阻挠你完成使命的事物，都会降低