研究生英语UNIT 1

1、Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo1Hospitals Shift Smoking Bans Hospitals Shift Smoking Bans to Smoker Banto Smoker BanCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo2Lead-inExercisesPassage StudyWriting PracticeCopyright by ARTC

2、OM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo3Theme-Based DiscussionLead-inBackground InformationCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo4 Author:A.G. Sulzberger has a new job at The Times! And its still as a reporter. Mr. Sulzberger, who joined the

3、staff of The Times in February 2009 as a metro reporter, will become the papers Kansas City Bureau chief. Here is the memo from National editor Rick : Sulzberger will be our new Kansas City correspondent. He will report to Monica Davey, our Midwest Bureau chief, and to editors in New York. Arthur ma

4、y be hard pressed to find vegetarian food amid all the barbecue joints, but hell have no trouble finding stories. He has an eye for spotting unusual and compelling tales, and bringing them to life with deep reporting and lively writing.Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krComp

5、any LogoLogo5After his arrival at The Times in early 2009, Arthur spent a year as a general assignment reporter working primarily for City Room and, more recently, covering federal court in Brooklyn. From 2006 through 2008, Arthur was a local government reporter at The Oregonian in Portland. Before

6、that, he was at the Providence Journal, where he covered two small coastal communities. His first job in journalism was as a high school intern for the Amsterdam News in Harlem. He graduated from BBrown in 2003 with a major in political science. Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com

7、.co.krCompany LogoLogo6Smoking bans are public policies, including criminal laws and occupational safety and health regulations, （卫生条例）which prohibit tobacco smoking in workplaces and/or other public spaces. Legislation may also define smoking as more generally being the carrying or possessing of an

8、y lit tobacco product. Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo7Theme-based Discussion Topic Discussion VideoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo8Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo9T

9、heme-based DiscussionWatch the video and then discuss the given topicBefore Smoking Ban came into effect in China, people Before Smoking Ban came into effect in China, people who suffered second-hand smoking have to endure thwho suffered second-hand smoking have to endure those who smoke in public p

10、laces, Do you have the samose who smoke in public places, Do you have the same experiences? Tell about it.e experiences? Tell about it. VideoCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo10 Topic DiscussionAnswer the following two questions in your own words.1. The Repu

11、blic of Ireland became the first country in the world to institute an outright ban on smoking in workplaces on 29 March 2004. Before the total ban, smoking had already been outlawed (1988) in public buildings, hospitals, public pharmacies, schools, banking halls, cinemas, restaurant kitchens, part o

12、f all restaurants, on public transport aircraft and buses, and some trains (Intercity trains provided smokers carriages). Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo11Before Smoking Ban came into effect in China, people who suffered second-Before Smoking Ban came int

13、o effect in China, people who suffered second-hand smoking have to endure those who smoke in public places, Do you have hand smoking have to endure those who smoke in public places, Do you have the same experiences? Tell about it.the same experiences? Tell about it. Key Words:Key Words:smoke-free la

14、ws ; optional ;smoke-free laws ; optional ;risk of risk of heart disease, cancer, emphysemaheart disease, cancer, emphysema, , to lower to lower health care health care costs ; costs ; to improve work productivity ;to improve work productivity ;to promote public health;to promote public health;healt

15、hier environments; healthy lifestylehealthier environments; healthy lifestyleunhealthy behavior ; cessation measures unhealthy behavior ; cessation measures Topic DiscussionCopyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo12 Topic DiscussionAnswer the following two questio

16、ns in your own words.1. Do you know which country is the first one where smoking is ban1. Do you know which country is the first one where smoking is banned in public? And when does smoking ban in China come into ened in public? And when does smoking ban in China come into effect? ffect? 2. Under sm

17、oking ban policy, what are the rules and where can you 2. Under smoking ban policy, what are the rules and where can you go to smoke?go to smoke?Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo13 Topic Discussion1. Shanghai Municipality expanded smoking bans from hospital

18、s to kindergartens, schools, libraries and stadiums, effective 1 March 2010, and had attempted to ban smoking in restaurants for the 2010 World Expo, but restaurants do not stick to the ban and it is not enforced. In Guangdong Province, the municipalities of Guangzhou and Jiangmen banned smoking in

19、public places in 2007, but the law is not enforced. A new national smoking ban, which extends to all enclosed public areas, had come into effect since May 1, 2011. Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo14 Topic DiscussionAnswer the following two questions in you

20、r own words.2. Smoking in all indoor public places is banned. Many places - such as cinemas and public transport - have rarely permitted smoking in recent years, and now places like pubs, restaurants, nightclubs and private members clubs will not be able to permit customers to smoke inside. You also

21、 cant smoke in offices or any workplace; except if you work by yourself. Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo15 Topic DiscussionAnswer the following two questions in your own words.2. You cant smoke in a company vehicle that is used by several people; even if

22、they are not in it at the time. Smoking is still be banned at certain outdoor locations that are substantially enclosed, such as football grounds and covered walkways. It is also banned on all parts of a railway station, even open-air platforms.Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.

23、co.krCompany LogoLogo16 Topic DiscussionAnswer the following two questions in your own words.2. Youre still allowed to light up outdoors, in the home or places considered to be homes, such as prisons, care homes and hotels. You can smoke in your own car, or a company vehicle that you alone drive. Ho

24、wever, you could be prosecuted if you are caught smoking whilst driving for failing to have proper control of your vehicle.Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo17l Research has generated evidence that secondhand smoke causes the same problems as direct smoking,

25、 including lung cancer, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and lung ailments. Specifically, analyses show that lifelong non-smokers with partners who smoke in the home have a 2030% greater risk of lung cancer than non-smokers who live with non-smokers. Non-smokes exposed to cigarette smoke in the workplac

26、e have an increased lung cancer risk of 1619%.Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo18lLead-in Lead-in Explain1. it could cost them a shot at a job. 这种这种危危险险可能使得他可能使得他们们在工作中付出代价。在工作中付出代价。2.Shot at sth/doing sth =attempt to do sth; try 试图试图，设设法法 例子例子: have a shot

27、 at ( solving ) this problem 设设法解法解决这决这一一问题问题3. Some employers have gone even further and include in the ban those who wear a nicotine patch. 一些雇主更加刻薄，一些雇主更加刻薄，对对身上身上贴贴有尼古丁有尼古丁贴贴片的人片的人员员一律禁止雇一律禁止雇佣佣。4.kicking smokers to the curb is perfectly legal.对对吸烟者吸烟者实实行限制是符合法律的。行限制是符合法律的。You can even kick the

28、worries about massive fat to the curb.Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo19Paragraph 1Paragraph 1lMore hospitals and medical businesses in many states are adopting strict policies that make smoking a reason to turn away job applicants, saying they want to inc

29、rease worker productivity, reduce health care costs and encourage healthier living. lto turn away job applicants to turn away job applicants 解雇求解雇求职职人人员员Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo20Paragraph 2Paragraph 2lExplain： The policies reflect a frustration th

30、at softer efforts -Like banning smoking on company grounds, offering. cessation programs and increasing health care premiumsfor smokers have- not been powerful-enough incentivesto quit. . l这种政策反映出某种失败- 禁止吸烟者不在工作场所吸烟，实施禁烟活动，增加吸烟者的医疗保健费用，这些软措施已经不能强有力地激励人们戒烟了。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.

31、www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo21Paragraph 3Paragraph 3lExplainlThe new rules essentially treat cigarettes like an illegal narcotic. Applications now explicitly warn of “tobacco-free hiring” job seekers must submit to urine tests for nicotine and new employees caught smoking face termination. l新的规

32、定从根本上认为香烟是一种非法的麻醉品，求职书公开警告“吸烟者禁用”，求职者必须提交尿检报告，新雇佣的员工一旦被发现吸烟将面临解雇。 Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo22Paragraph 4Paragraph 4l This shift from smoke-free to smoker-free workplaces has prompted sharp debate, even among anti-tobacco groups, over whether the pol

33、icies establish a troubling precedent of employers intruding into private lives to ban a habit that is legal. l这种变化 -从自由吸烟到限制专供吸烟者的吸烟室_ 引起了激烈的争论，甚至包括反对吸烟的人群。这种政策的出现为雇主提供了对合法的私生活侵犯的先例。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo23Paragraph 5Paragraph 5l“If enough of th

34、ese companies adopt theses policies and it really becomes difficult for smokers to find jobs, there are going to be consequences,” said Dr. Michael Siegel, a professor at the Boston University School of Public Health, who has written about the trend. “Unemployment is also bad for health.” l 1.enough

35、 of= a number of l2. Unemployment is also bad for health.” 失业也有害于健康波斯顿大学公共健康学院教授，迈克 格西博士，曾写过有关趋势“失业也有害于健康”一文，说到：如果有更多的公司采用这些政策，那么吸烟者找工作就会变的更加困难，由此而引起的后果也是不可想象的。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo24Paragraph 6Paragraph 6lWords:l1.a surge of interest: 一股热情 l例如：

36、.a surge of anger, pity，一阵怒气，怜悯。l2.health care providers：医疗服务人员lSmokers have been turned away from jobs in the past prompting more than half the states to pass laws rejecting bans on smokers but the recent growth in the number of companies adopting no-smoker rules has been driven by a surge of inter

37、est among health care providers, according to academics, human resources experts and tobacco opponents. Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo25参参考考译译文文l 过去把吸烟者置于工作以外这种做法使得一半以上的州政府通过法律反对这一做法 但是最近在健康服务人员 ，根据科学知识，人力资源专家和反对烟草的人中间又掀起一股热浪，使得许多公司拒绝招聘吸烟者工作的现象又有所增长。Copy

38、right by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo26Paragraph 7Paragraph 7lExplainltracking the issue 作定作定语语修修饰饰the people l There is no reliable data on how many businesses have adopted such policies. But people tracking the issue say there are enough examples to suggest the p

39、olicies are becoming more mainstream, and in some states courts have upheld the legality of refusing to employ smokers. l还没有一个可靠的数据证明有多少公司采纳了这种政策。但关心这一事件的人士说有足够的实例可以证明这一政策已经逐渐的变成主流。在一些州法院支持拒绝雇佣吸烟者是合法的行为。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo27Paragraph 8Paragrap

40、h 8lFor example, hospitals in Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas, among others, stopped hiring smokers in the last year and more are openly considering the option. l 在佛罗里达州，乔治亚州，马萨诸塞州，密苏里州，俄亥俄州，宾夕法尼亚州，田纳西州，德克萨斯州 以及一些其它的州医院去年停止雇佣吸烟者。还有一些州医院公开表明他们也正在考虑这一

41、问题。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo28Paragraph 9Paragraph 9“Weve had a number of inquiries over the last 6 to 12 months about how to do this,” said Paul Terpeluk, a director at the Cleveland Clinic which stopped hiring smokers in 2007 and has championed th

42、e policy. “The trend line is getting pretty steep, and Id guess that in the next few years youd see a lot of major hospitals go this way.” l保罗Terpeluk 说： “如何做这件事我们做了半年多的调查研究，拒绝雇佣吸烟者这一现象呈直线趋势一直在上升”。保罗 Terpeluk 是克利夫兰市一家诊所的主任，这家诊所在2007年就开始停止雇佣吸烟者为自己的职员，并且一直支持这一政策。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reser

43、ved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo29Paragraph 10 Paragraph 10 lA number of these organizations have justified the new policies as advancing their institutional missions of promoting personal well-being and finding ways to reduce the growth in health care costs. l许多组织把提前调整新的政策作为提高个人健康和寻求减少健康费用的制度性

44、任务。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo30Paragraph 11 Paragraph 11 lAbout 1 in 5 Americans still smoke, and smoking remains the leading cause of preventable deaths. And employees who smoke cost, on average, $3,391 more a year each for health care and lost prod

45、uctivity, according to federal estimates. l根据联邦政府调查数据表明：在美国仍然有五分之一的人在吸烟，烟草仍然是引起死亡的主要原因。吸烟的雇员每年因健康原因平均消费$3,391美元并损失大量的生产率。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo31Paragraph 12 Paragraph 12 l “We felt it was unfair for employees who maintained healthy lifestyles to

46、 have to subsidize those who do not,” Steven C. Bjelich,chief executive of St. Francis Medical Center in Cape Girardeau, Mo., which stopped hiring smokers last month. “Essentially thats what happens.” l总部设在Cape Girardeau, Mo.佛朗西斯医疗中心的首席主管 史蒂文，C.Bjelich.说：l“我们认为对那些保持健康生活方式又不得不资助那些有吸烟习惯的人的人是不公平的”。这家健康

47、中心去年开始停止雇佣吸烟者，“这就是现实情况”。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo32Paragraph 13Paragraph 13 Two decades ago after large companies like Alaska Airlines, Union Pacific and Turner Broadcasting adopted such policies 29 states and the District of Columbia passed laws, w

48、ith the strong backing of the tobacco lobby and the American Civil Liberties Union that prohibit discrimination against smokers or those who use “lawful products.” Some of those states, like Missouri, make an exception for health care organizations. l20年前，在阿勒斯加航空公司，联合太平洋铁路和特纳广播公司这些大的公司采用了禁止雇佣吸烟者政策之后

49、，29个州和哥伦比亚特区，再就是反对歧视吸烟者的美国公民自由联盟以及和那些主张用法律的形式保护吸烟者的权利的组织主张的通过法律的手段坚持为吸烟者提供吸烟场所。有些州，如密苏里州，就医疗卫生组织不雇佣吸烟者是支持的。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo33Paragraph 14Paragraph 14lA spokesman for Philip Morris said the company was no longer actively working on the issue

50、, though it remained strongly opposed to the policies. lMeghan Finegan, a spokeswoman for the Service Employees International Union which represents 1.2 million health care workers, said the issue was “not on our radar yet.” lPhilip Morris发言人说虽然本公司极力的反对这一政策，但公司不再就这问题继续纠缠下去了。代表1.2亿健康工人的服务业员工国际联合会发言人说

51、这一问题不在他们所考虑的范围内。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo34Paragraph 15Paragraph 15lOne concern voiced by groups like the National Workrights Instituteis that such policies are a slippery slope that if they prove successful in driving down health care costs, employ

52、ers might be emboldened to crack down on other behavior by their workers, like drinking alcohol, eating fast food and participating in risky hobbies like motorcycle riding. The head of the Cleveland Clinic was both praised and criticized when he mused in an interview two years ago that, were it not

53、illegal, he would expand the hospital policy to refuse employment to obese people. l关心这一事件的国家工作权利研究院认为这一政策的实施情况是灾难性的急剧下滑。如果他们成功的压低健康卫生费用，那么雇主很有可能有勇气严加对他们的职员其它行为的处罚，如酗酒，不健康的食品，飙车等不良生活行为。克利夫兰诊所的头在回忆两年前的一场合法招聘时，认为当时的做法既可以受到表扬也可以受到批评。他对医院拒绝招聘肥胖人的政策做了解释。Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-

54、com.co.krCompany LogoLogo35Paragraph 16Paragraph 16l“There is nothing unique about smoking,” said Lewis Ma-ltby, president of the Workrights Institute, who has lobbied vigorously against the practice. “The number of things that we all do privately that have negative impact on our health is endless.

55、If its not smoking, its beer. If its not beer, its cheeseburgers. And what about your sex life?” Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogol一直反对拒绝雇佣吸烟者这一政策的工作权利研究所主席说不仅仅是烟草的问题。我们个人做的许多事，这些事对我们的健康没有影响，但是这种事是无止境的要继续做下去的。如果不是烟草，那可能就是啤酒。如果不是啤酒，那很可能就是汉堡。性生活呢？36Copyright

56、by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo37Paragraph 17Paragraph 17lMany companies add their own wrinkle to the smoking ban. Some even prohibit nicotine patches. Some compa-nies test urine for traces of nicotine, while others operate on the honor system. Copyright by ARTCOM

57、PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogol许多公司根据自己的需要对禁烟的要求不同。甚至有些公司反对职员贴尼古丁贴片。有些公司实行信誉制度的同时进行尿检。38Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo39Paragraph 18Paragraph 18lWhile most of the companies applied their rules only to new empl-oyees, a few event

58、ually mandated that existing employees must q-uit smoking or lose their jobs. There is also disagreement over whether to fire employees who are caught smoking after they are hired. The Truman Medical Centers, here in Kansas City, for example, will investigate accusations of tobacco use by employees.

59、 In one recent case a new employee returned from a lunch break smelling of smoke and, when confronted by his supervisor, admitted that he had been smoking, said Marcos DeLeon, head of human resources for the hospital. The employee was fired. Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.

60、krCompany LogoLogol当多数的公司仅对新的职员执行禁烟令时，一小部分公司强行迫使现有职工必修禁烟或者丢掉工作。对以雇佣的雇员如发现吸烟并给以解雇意见仍有分歧。例如：在堪萨斯城，Truman 医疗中心将对雇员使用烟草的指控案件进行调查。一家医院人力资源部主任Marcos DeLeon,说：在最进的一起案件中，一名雇员在吃完午饭返回公司时被吻到身上带有烟草味，面对上司承认刚才吸过烟，结果被解雇。40Copyright by ARTCOM PT All rights reserved.www.art-com.co.krCompany LogoLogo41Paragraph 19Par