英语二复习题一(解题)(大专2012年)

1、广西师范大学成人教育学院试卷课程名称 英语 （A卷 ; 闭卷） 适用班级（或年级、专业） 考试时间 120 分钟 班级 学号 姓名 题 号一二三四成绩满 分10102060100得 分评卷人答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。一、Words. (110)给出右边汉语的单词。每个词的词类和第一个字母已经给出。1. flight n 飞行,飞翔;航班,班机;逃跑,溃退2. alarm n/vt 警报,惊恐;向.报警,使警觉;使.惊恐,打扰3. classify vt 把分类，把分等级；把列为4. acknowledge vt 承认；表示感谢5. decline vi/vt/n 下倾，下降；衰退，衰落

2、；谢绝，拒绝6. simulate vt 假装，冒充；模仿，模拟7. confront vt 面对，遭遇；正视，对抗8. voluntary a 自愿的，志愿的；自发的adj.自动的, 自愿的, 主动的, 故意的, 非官办的, 志愿的, 自发的9. allege vt 断言，宣称；作为(事实，理由，借口，辩解)提出10. content a/vt/n 满足的，满意的；使满意；满足，满意二、Phrases. (110)给出与下列汉语相应的英语短语。每个短语的第一个单词的词首字母已经给出，短语中的每个单词占一空。1. blame . for 把.归咎于例句：He blamed his teache

3、rs for his failure. 他把他的失败归咎于他的老师2. as fresh as paint 精神饱满 3. approximate to 与接近4. to the fore 在前面，到前面；在显著地位5. stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望6. sacrifice to 向献祭；为而牺牲；为而失去7. substitute for 用代替8. so far as knows 就某人所知9. convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事10. mistake for 错把当作三、Reading Comprehension.(210)从下列每篇短文

4、的问题后所给的4个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The word health can be used in a number of ways. In the past , health is only the absence of disease or illness. Today, health has a broader meaning. Health is the state of your well-being that includes how you feel

5、physically, mentally, and socially. Wellness is another term that describes view of health. You can understand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health in your life is different from health in your grandparents lives.In1900, the main causes of death were diseases that were spr

6、ead by bacteria（细菌）and viruses（病毒. If you had lived them, the danger of your dying from pneumonia（肺炎）would have been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer.The diseases that were most common in 1900 affected people of all ages. It is not surprising, then that around 1900, the

7、emphasis of health was on freedom from illness. Today many of the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improved medicines and methods of sanitation（卫生）. Most diseases now are likely to occur later in life. You as a teenager will probably not have to think about the same thr

8、eats to your health as your grandparents did.These improvements in health conditions mean that not only can you now enjoy a better life, but you also have a greater chance of having a longer life. Controlling diseases has increased the life expectancy in the United States. Generally, people born mor

9、e recently have higher life expectancies. Since1900, the life expectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years. It has increased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years in 1981.D 1.Accrding to Paragraph 1,health and wellness . A. can be used interchangeably on all occasio

10、ns.B. are different in that the latter has a broader sense.C. had the same meaning in the past. D. both refer to the state of your well-being. C 2 .Which of the following statements is true? A. Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses were incurable in 1900.B. Bacteria and viruses are the main causes

11、 of death today.C. Medicines for curing pneumonia were not available in 1900.D. Pneumonia caused as many deaths in 1900 as cancer does today.D 3 .Life expectancy in the last paragraph most probably means . A. the kind of life that a person may expect to live. B. the mode of life that a group of peop

12、le have lived. C. the length of time that a person or an animal has lived.D. the length of time that people may expect to live.C 4. On an average, people in America who were born in 1900 . A. had a life-span of 74 years. B. lived a shorter but better life than those born later. C. lived to 47 years

13、of age. D. lived 27 years longer than those born in 1981.A 5. The intended readers of the passage are . A teenagers B the diseasedC adultsD aged peoplePassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Fingers were made before forks. When a person gives up good manners, puts aside knife

14、 and fork, and dives into his food, someone is likely to repeat that saying.The fork was an ancient agricultural tool, but for centuries no one thought of eating with it. Not until the eleventh century, when a young lady from Constantinople brought her fork to Italy did the custom reach Europe.By th

15、e fifteenth century the use of the fork was widespread in Italy. The English explanation was that Italians were opposed to eating food touched with fingers, seeing all mens fingers are not all alike clean, English travelers kept their friends laughing while describing this ridiculous Italian custom.

16、Anyone who used a fork to eat with was laughed at in England for the next hundred years. Men who used forks were thought to be womanish, and women who used forks were called show-offs. Not until the late 1660s did using a fork become a common custom.翻译：人们何时开始用叉进餐“手指比叉子先造出来”，当一个人毫不顾及体面，把刀和叉放在一边，用手抓食物

17、的时候，有人很可能会重复这句俗话。叉子本是一种古老的农具，几个世纪以来，从没有人想到用它来吃东西。直到11世纪，君士坦丁堡的一位年轻贵妇把她用的叉带到意大利，用叉进餐的风俗这才传入欧洲。到15世纪，叉子已在意大利广泛使用。英国人的解释是，意大利人不愿吃手指碰过的东西，因为“他们发现，并不是所有人的手指都是干净的”。英国的旅行家们叙述这个可笑的意大利风俗时，总是使他们的朋友们笑得前俯后仰。以后几百年中，凡用叉进餐的人在英国均遭嘲笑。用叉的男人们被认为是脂粉气太重，女人们则被指摘为卖弄、炫耀和过分讲究。直到17世纪后期，用叉进食才成为一种风俗。C 6.The custom of eating wi

18、th a fork was .A. brought to Europe from America.B. accepted when forks were first invented.C. brought to Europe from Constantinople.D. thought of by the Italians.A 7.By the fifteenth century, forks were used .A. all over Italy.B. only in Constantinople.C. by the kings and queens of Europe.D. in Eng

19、land.D 8.To English travelers in Italy, the use of forks seemed .A. cleverB. necessaryC. good mannersD. ridiculousB 9.To English travelers in Italy, the use of forks seemed .A. imitate the people of the eastB. keep their food cleanC. impress visitors with their good mannersD. amuse the EnglishC10.Th

20、e use of forks became common in England .A. at the same time as in Italy.B. earlier than in any other European country.C. about 600 years after forks came to Europe.D. earlier than in Constantinople.四、TranslationI、将下列英文翻译成中文。(102)1.One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs

21、, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks （the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus） which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour yes, 25 rhythm. Normally

22、 the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period.原文：Jet Lag: Prevention and CureThe problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveller comes across at some time. But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is, and

23、how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due to changes in the

24、 bodys physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment. Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of State, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam. He later blamed his poor judgment on Jet Lag. The effects c

25、an be used to advantage, too. President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time. The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged. Essentially, they had been instantaneously tra

26、nsported to America. Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it. A great number of the bodys events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact. One timing system comes fro

27、m the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the b

28、ody to a 25 hour - yes, 25 - rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularise the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period. If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like tw

29、o alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising. In time the physiological system will

30、reset itself, but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust. One reason for this discrepancy is that differen

31、t bodily events are controlled by different factors. The hormone cortisol, which controls salt and water excretion, is made in the morning, wherever the body is. But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs. Normally these two hormones are separated by seven

32、 or eight hours, but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning (local) and goes to sleep as soon as possible, the two hormones will be released simultaneously. What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there

33、 is a short cut. It relies on two things - the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee. The basic assumptions are: Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. Protein in meal

34、s stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep. Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.时差综合症的预防和治疗 高速飞行时因时差而引起的生理节奏的推敲是每一个跨国旅行者有时会遇到的问题。但你必须得忍受吗？如果你了解它是怎么回事，并且知道如何注意饮食才可以将其最坏影响减到最小程度，你的飞行就不会那么紧张了。 快速旅行对身体的影响实际上比我们所意识到的更加令人不安。调整的习行因时差而引起的生理节奏的破坏不是必须重新调整去适合不同时

35、区的心理影响。它是由人体内的生理调节结构，特别是荷尔蒙系统在不同环境的变化引起的。 感到困惑了吗？美国国务卿约翰福斯特杜勒斯飞往埃及进行关于阿斯旺大坝的谈判时也是这样。后来，他把他的不理想的判断归咎于时差反应的不良影响。 时差的影响也可以加以利用。约翰逊总统曾经在关岛召开重要会议，其所有活动都按华盛顿时间进行。白宫工作人员个个精神焕发，而在这种情况下，当地人却受时差反应之苦。实际上，好像他们刚刚被飞机送到美国一样。 既然我们懂得了什么是高速飞行时差综合症。很自然，这些活动不得不加以调节，人体现人有两套相互影响的调节系统。 一个定时系统表现在我们的感觉和胃以及居住在一个特定时区时，我们所经历的周

36、期。另一个定时系统在我们的人体时钟内，这些人体时钟在不受干扰时，会使人体有一个25小时，是的25小时的生理节奏。一般情况下，这两种定时器是步调一致的。外部信号常常调节人体时钟命使之达到更为便利的24小时周期。 然而，如果你将整个身体转移到相差四个小时的时区，这两个小时钟就不协调了。就像两个闹钟通常一起设置，但被重新设置时相差了好几个小时。虽然这两个时钟通常会一起闹时，但现在它们在不同时刻响起。类似的，当太阳升起时身体可能被设定为晚上。 经过一段时间以后，生理系统将会重新调整过来。但这的确需要时间。一个容易监测的节律是手掌出汗的节律。血压也是有节律的，需要四天时间才能得到重新调整。 形成这种差异

37、的百不同的身体活动由不同因素的支配。不管身在何处，控制盐和水分排泄的皮质醇激素是早上产生的。但不论何时睡眠，生长激素是在睡眠中释放的。通常这两种激素相隔七、八个小时释放，但如果人体在一大早到达目的地，并且尽快入睡，这两种激素将同时释放。 关于这点我们能做些什么呢？等待几天直到身体适应新的时区是不可取的。幸好，有一条捷径。它依靠两点胃调节其他活动定时的能力和咖啡的药物作用。 基本的道理是： 咖啡在早上可以延迟人体时钟，在晚间可以提早人体时钟。咖啡在下午三点左右是中性的。食物中的蛋白质使人不眠，而碳水化合物却使人易于入睡。空腹吃食物帮助人体时钟准时。2.To these now familiar

38、facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognized. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio - the degree to which those who cannot

39、 earn depend for a living on those who can - is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth

40、that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change. Aging in European Countries 欧洲国家的老龄化We have to realise how old, how very old, we are. Nations are classified as aged when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above, and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countrie

41、s had become like this. Of the really ancient societies, with over 13 per cent above 65, all are in Northwestern Europe. At the beginning of the 1980s East Germany had 15.6 per cent, Austria, Sweden, West Germany and France had 13.4 per cent or above, and England and Wales 13.3 per cent. Scotland ha

42、d 12.3 per cent. Northern Ireland 10.8 percent and the United States 9.9 per cent. We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be - at least, for any future that concerns us now.To these now famil

43、iar facts a number of further facts may be added, some of them only recently recognised. There is the apparent paradox that the effective cause of the high proportion of the old is births rather than deaths. There is the economic principle that the dependency ratio - the degree to which those who ca

44、nnot earn depend for a living on those who can - is more advantageous in older societies like ours than in the younger societies of the developing world, because lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged. There is the appreciation of the salient historical tr

45、uth that the aging or advanced societies has been a sudden change.If revolution is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly

46、Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over 50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances were well to the fore earlier this year at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy

47、, held at Vichy in France.There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old. But this is what elementary demography makes clear. Long li

48、fe is altering our society, of course, but in experiential terms. We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere, and this will continue. But too much of that lengthened experience, even in the wealthy West, will be experience

49、of poverty and neglect, unless we do something about it .If you are now in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you a

50、re a woman. Expectation of life is a slippery figure, very easy to get wrong at the highest ages. At Vichy the demographers were telling each other that their estimates of how many old there would be and how long they will live in countries like England and Wales are due for revision upwards. 我们不得不认识到我们多