中考英语时态

1、时态一般现在时一、动词的第三人称词尾变化：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z；在t后读ts,在d后读dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读iz,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has

2、.写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。1. cook _2.watch_3.build_4.have_5.wash_6. enjoy _7. go _8 receive _9 cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _二. 一般现在时的用法1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游

3、泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。2）表示现在的状态。例如：My father is at work. He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English but doe

4、s not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive, return, take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes

5、 back tonight. 他今晚回来。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。 巩固练习：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. （改写成否定句）_2、Aunt Lis son has t

6、en toy bears. （对划线部分提问）_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_4、I like being a nurse for the old. （变成一般疑问句）_5、张叔叔每天乘坐地铁上班。_6、我们每周日常花三小时在图书馆看书。_7、我爷爷常常晚饭后出去散步。一般过去时一、动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音和元音后读d；在t,d后读id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedliv

7、edhoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries注：不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册P142。写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. l

8、ie _16. turn _17. explore _18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.die_25.prefer _二. 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。几年后。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ After

9、a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了

10、吗？巩固练习：1、 Yesterday I went swimming.(改写成否定句。)_2、 He was born in Shanghai.(对划线部分提问)_3我昨天买了一辆新自行车。_4、我前天读了一本书。一般将来时 一、一般将来时的构成：助动词will+动词原形在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为ll，will not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？二、一般将来时的用法1、表示将来某个

11、时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。3、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps, possibly, maybe等连用。例如：I think shell go back

12、home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。 Maybe shell go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。三、be going to +不定式，表示将来。1、表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。2、表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there

13、 is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3、注意：be going to 和will之间的区别。两者都用于预测时，be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。两者在时间的发生上，be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。例如：He is gong in to be better. 他的病就要好起来了。 He will be better. 他的病会好起来了。两者都表示意图时，be going to含有预先计划、准

14、备的意思；will则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。在条件壮语从句中，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. 如果你将要去旅行，最好尽快做好准备。 Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her. 如果你去问高老师，她会告诉你答案。四、be +不定式表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report

15、 next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。五、be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。巩固练习：1. Mrs. Brown is going to buy a digital camera. （对划线部分提问）_2.My boss is going to fly to London on business the day after tomorrow. （用often改写句子）_3.Sam will vi

16、sit Brazil next week. （变成一般疑问句并否定回答）_4. 他们今晚要去看足球赛。_5.金一家人什么时候去长城啊？过去将来时一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形二、过去将来时的用法：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2、 表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。例如：Whenever he has been in

17、 trouble,we would give him a hand. 每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。巩固练习：1、He said that he (come)back tonight.2、I thought it （rain）soon.现在进行时 一、 现在进行时的构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词二、动词V-ing的构成形式规则原形-ing形式一般在动词原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重读

18、闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering写出下列动词的现在分词形式。1、win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have 6、talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come

19、12、fit 三、现在进行时的用法：1、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间壮语连用。例如： We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。2、 表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3、 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态

20、，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。4、 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。 Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。5、表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等

21、）用于现在进行时，表示即将要发生动作。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。一些持续性动词用于进行时，表将来，表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。例如：Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？注意:巩固练习：1、Bruce often writes letters in English. （用now改写句子）_2、They are surfing. （对划线部分提问）_3、瞧，那些孩子们玩的真高兴！_4、这些天工人们一直在尽力修补那些坏了的帐

22、篷。_用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. Uncle Wang usually _ (go) to work by bike.2. Be quiet ! The patient _ (sleep).3、Look, a number of Young Pioneers _(plant) trees over there.4、Emily often _ (help) her mother _ (wash) clothes on Sunday.5、_ (not be) afraid, I _ (show) you how to reach the station.6、What _ you _ (do)

23、the day after tomorrow ?7、There _ (be) an important meeting in two days.8、My aunt (join) the Party in 1995.过去进行时一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, sta

24、rt, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的

25、事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源巩固练习：1、Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2、As she _ the newspaper,

26、 Granny _ asleep. A. read；was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell现在完成时 一、现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词二、过去分词的构成： 过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加-ed；不规则变化的过去分词见九年级下册教科书p74不规则动词表。写出下列动词的过去分词形式。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see

27、13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 三、 现在完成时的用法1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for

28、用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的问题：表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish ,join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the

29、 army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week ,in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone

30、 to 的区别： have/has been to have/has gone to 试举例 ： 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已

31、经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）巩固练习： 1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, co

32、me B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long D. he has lived how long here 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成：助动词had动词过去分词二、过去完成时的用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与“by/before+过去时间”构成的短语连用。例

33、如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到达之前，火车已经开走了。 He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。2、表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态，常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。3、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为hope, want, pla

34、n, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。 I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。巩固练习:1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have met C. metD. meet2. -Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,

35、 not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. wasD. will be 3、The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left4、My dictionary _, I have looked for it ev

36、erywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 时态的基本判定方式：一、时间状语同时态的关系：一般情况下，简单句可根据句中的时间状语确定谓语动词的时态。其判定方式如下：1、句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具体时间）; two days ago（一段时间 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 过去的年代）; the

37、 other day; over the weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般过去时；2、句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具体时间）; in two hours（in +一段时间）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段时间+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +将来的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this

38、 weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；3、句中既有yesterday等过去时间状语，又有一个具体时间点（at 5:00; this time; at that time）时，谓语动词用过去进行时；4、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）; over the years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005（since+具体时间或从句）; for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；5、b

39、y (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before（一段时间+before）; for和since说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从句（过去时态）等时间状语时，谓语动词用过去完成时；6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如now; today; these days等词），其时态的判定一般按以下步骤进行： - 句中是否含有表示频率关系的词。如有，用一般现在时； - 句子是否说明客观规律。如是，用一般现在时； - 句中动词是否表示状况。如是，用一般现在时； - 句中动词是否为延续性动态动词

40、。如是，用现在进行时； - 句中动词是否为完成性动词（瞬间动词）。如是，用现在完成时。二、主从句时态的一致性原则：主从复合句可根据其时态一致性原则，通过主从句中任意一个句子的时态确定另外一个句子的时态；含有时间状语从句的主从句还可通过其引导词所表示的不同时间关系，确定主句和从句的时态。三、通过上下文关系判定时态：另外我们还可以根据并列谓语的时态一致性原则、问句和答语的时态一致关系、无转折时间的短文时态一致原则等上下文时态的关联以及句子的逻辑关系来判定句子中谓语动词的时态。Exercise( )1. What _ you _ over the weekend? A. will; do B. do

41、es; do C. did; do D. were,; doing( )2. Xiao Li usually _ to school by bike last year.A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going( )3. What _ in our town 100 years from now? A. happened B. is happened C. has happened D. will happen( )4. Mr. Smith _ to see you in an hour. A. came B. has come C. will come D

42、. comes( )5. _ you _ from your parents recently? A. Did; hear B. Have; heard C. Do; hear D. Will; hear( )6. We _ TV at home this time last night.A. were watching B. watched C. have watched D. would watch( )7. We _ over 1500 English words by the end of last month. A. have learned B. had learned C. wi

43、ll learn D. learnt( )8. She _ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992.A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live( )9. She _ in Shanghai for ten years. A. has lived B. had lived C. lived D. will live( )10. We all know that the earth _ round the sun.A. goes B. went C. is going D. will go( )11. “Wher

44、e are the boys?” “They _ soccer on the playground.”A. play B. are playing C. were playing D. played( )12. Look! Lucy _ under the tree.A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. read( )13. He _ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.A. has collected B. had collected C. collected D. will collec

45、t( )14. Jim _ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night.A. had written B. wrote C. would write D. was writing( )15. The Smiths _ in Beijing since two weeks ago.A. stayed B. were staying C. would stay D. have stayed( )16. “When _ you _ the bike?” “Last Monday.”A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; bu

46、y D. do; buy( )17. Look! The boy _English now.A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. was liking( )18. Most students in our class _ TV twice a week.A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. are watching( )19. How soon _ they _ back from work?A. do; come B. did; come C. have; come D. will; come( )20. “Where _ y

47、ou _ Mr. Li?” “In his office, half an hour ago.”A. will; see B. did; see C. have, seen D. do; see( )21. I _ a new dictionary. Look! Its very useful. A. bought B. will buy C. have bought D. would buy( )22. I wont watch the movie tonight. I _ it before.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. had seen( )23. Hello! I _ know you _ in Chengdu. How