Lecture12被动态

1、被动态被动态目录：目录：一、引入、各个时态下的被动态二、各种动词词组的被动形式三、非谓语动词的被动形式四、什么情况使用被动态哪些动词可用于被动语态(1)一般来说及物动词可用于被动语态Someone broke the window.The window was broken.(2)不及物动词与介词结合构成成语动词We are looking into the case.The case is being looked into.(3)由情态动词等构成的谓语We can not do it today.It can not be done in a day.(4)非谓语动词，虽然不是谓语，不能被

2、改为被动语态，但是可以改为被动形式I have nothing to do.There is nothing to be done.哪些结构可变为被动结构（1）主语+谓语+宾语（2）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 Father gave me a watch. I was given a watch. A watch was given to me. (3）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 She painted the walls yellow. The walls were painted yellow. (4)主语+谓语+宾语+不定式 We told the boy to go to bed. T

3、he boy was told to go to bed. (5)主语+谓语+从句 They said that she was a saint. It was said that she was a saint.各个时态的被动语态（一）一般时态的被动语态（一）一般时态的被动语态（1）一般现在时am/is /are+doneYou are invited to the meeting.(2)一般过去时was/were+doneThe book was written by Dickens.（3）一般将来时will(shall) be +doneThe spacecraft will be la

4、unched tomorrow.(4)一般过去将来时would be +doneWe were afraid we would not be admitted.（二）进行时态的被动语态（1)现在进行时am/is/are+being+done eg:The road is being repaired. (2)过去进行时was/were+being+done eg: He was being looked after by his sister.(三）完成时态的被动语态(1)现在完成时has/have+been+done eg:My brother has been sent to work i

5、n Tibet.(2)过去完成时态had+been+done eg:He told me that the factory had been closed down.目目 录录二、各种结构的被动形式带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构一些不定式结构的被动形式一些不定式结构的被动形式成语动词的被动结构成语动词的被动结构一些特殊结构的被动结构一些特殊结构的被动结构1 带情态动词的被动结构can,could,may,might,must,mustnt,should,needt根据语气判断e.g. 他们需要提醒。（need） 这事无需告诉她。（need） 完成时态时完成时态时虚拟语气虚拟语气（推测

6、，肯定或遗憾语气）（推测，肯定或遗憾语气）e.g. 他们本应受到良好的待遇。（should,treat） 这房子准是明朝建的。（must）2 一些不定式to结构的被动形式 1)ought to=should(略) 2)be going to（将） e.g. 他们中有两人将要升职。（promoted） 3)has(have/had)to be/get done e.g. 这事必须赶快办理。 4)be+不定式=be going to +不定式 5)be bound(sure) to “一定会” e.g. 他一定会被说服。 6)be about(due) to e.g.大会定于周六召开。3 成语动词

7、的被动结构 1)即动词+尾巴(多为副词，与v.一起构成词组) 如bring about,put forward,bring forward e.g.这个主意是peter提出来的。 2)动词+介词 e.g. 这个计划不久就实施了（put into operation） 这事很快受到他的注意。(bring to ,notice) 3)动词+副词（名词）+介词 put up with,look down on,make fun of,take care of e.g. 有些事是不容易容忍的。 小孩子交给幼儿园照顾。4 一些特殊结构的被动形式 1)双宾动词(一般，间接宾语主语,保留直接宾语;或者直接宾

8、语主语,把间接宾语改为to引导的短语 分清直接、间接宾语分清直接、间接宾语) e.g. to give her a warm welcome she was given a w w w w was given to her 2)be+过去分词+to do （人，代词）be said/considered/feared/rumoured/reported to e.g. 据说她懂得5种语言。 谣传他已逃离这个国家。（flee-fled) 4) it + be +p.p.+that-clause 即上一类的变形：It做形式主语提前，that-clause引进真正主语 e.g. 谣传这女孩和她老师私

9、奔了。（elope） 据说他有某些特异功能。（supernatural powers）目目 录录三、非谓语动词的被动态 1）不定式的被动态 2）-ing分词的被动态 3）-ed分词的“被动”态简介 非谓语动词=to,-ing,-ed 其中不定式和-ing分词有被动态 如to chooseto be chosen或to have been chosen;choosingbeing chosen或having been chosen1 不定式的被动态 1。当不定时的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时e.g. 我很荣幸被选中。（choose） 我希望被提名。（nominate）动名词的被动形式 动名词的被动形

10、式也可担任某些句子成分，如：1）作动词宾语或介词宾语：）作动词宾语或介词宾语：He hated being laughed at.他讨厌被人嘲笑。2）作主语：）作主语：Being offered such a job was sheer good luck.被给予这样一份工作纯属幸运。现在分词的被动形式：现在分词有时用于被动形式，如：1）构成复合宾语：）构成复合宾语：I saw him being carried away on a stretcher.我看见他被人用担架抬走。2）作定语）作定语She was not interested in the question being discu

11、ssed.她对正在讨论的问题没有兴趣。3）作状语）作状语Being asked to give a performance ,she could not very well refuse.大家要求她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。过去分词结构 过去分词本身就有被动意思1）和系动词构成谓语：）和系动词构成谓语：He nearly got hit by a car.他差点被汽车撞了。2）构成复合宾语：）构成复合宾语：I have just had a photograph taken.我刚刚照了一张相。3）用作状语：）用作状语：Frustrated,he returned to his homeland

12、.他沮丧地回到故乡。目目 录录四、在什么情况下用被动结构1)不知道动作的执行者是谁，这时只好用被动结构：不知道动作的执行者是谁，这时只好用被动结构：The building was burned down.这座建筑完全焚毁。The boy was nearly drowned.那孩子差点淹死。The British general election in October.英国十月份举行大选。(hold)We on to take an active part in the movement.号召我们积极参加这项运动。(call)2)不必提到动作的执行者，因此也可用被动结构 The book w

13、as published in 2000.这书是2000年出版的。 The plant was shut down for two months.工厂关闭了两个月。 Rent has to be paid in advance.房租得预交。 The match had to be canceled because of bad weather.天气不好，比赛不得不取消。 3)动作的承受者（或结果）是谈话中心 Are these goods made by machinery?这些货物是机器生产的吗？ These motions can be vetoed by the Governor.这些动

14、议州长可以否决。这类句子常有一个这类句子常有一个by引导的短语说明动作的执行者引导的短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可没有：，有时也可没有：When he arrived home he was arrested(by a detective).他到家时被捕了。A new public library is being built(by our council)一座新的公共图书馆正在修建。4）动作的执行者很模糊（如指people,one等）故用被动结构也很自然It is suggested that we put the meeting off.有人建议会议延期举行。He is suspected

15、 of taking bribery.有人怀疑他受贿。The letter has been opened.这信有人拆开了。He was believed to have made an important discovery.据信他有了重大发现。5）为了措辞上的圆通，常避免说出动作的执行者It is hoped that such things would not happen again.希望这样的事情不再发生。It is generally considered rude to stare at people.盯着看人通常认为是粗鲁无礼的。为了使句子得到更好的安排：为了使句子得到更好的安排：He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.他在台上出现，受到观众的热烈鼓掌。The plan was supported by those who wish to live on the campus.这计划受到想在学校住的人的支持。一些常常使用被动结构的情况1）公告，通知：）公告，通知：Lying on the floor is strictly prohibited.严禁躺在（车厢）地