高中定语从句一PPT学习教案

1、会计学1高中定语从句一高中定语从句一beautiful（形容词作前置定语）（形容词作前置定语）一个一个穿白色衣服的穿白色衣服的女孩女孩a girl in whitein white（介词短语作后置定语）（介词短语作后置定语）一个一个正唱歌的正唱歌的女孩女孩 a girl is singing whois singing（定语从句，修饰或限定名词（定语从句，修饰或限定名词girl）定语定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制对名（代）词修饰和限制。常有。常有形容词形容词充当，充当，（另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词

2、短语也可以担当定语。）（另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。）且且单个词单个词作定语一般前置，作定语一般前置，短语和从句短语和从句作定语常后置，翻译成作定语常后置，翻译成“的的第1页/共64页Complex sentence 复合句：由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。复合句 =主句+定语从句一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）The students (who do not study

3、 hard )will not pass the exam.主句主语从句主语从句谓语结构主句谓语结构第2页/共64页the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy who is tall The boy who is strong The boy who is clever 第3页/共64页applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red The apple which is green The apple which is small The apple which is big 第4页/共

4、64页 一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。第5页/共64页Tom is a boy who is smart.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when，why第6页/共64页 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词 2. 关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表关系代词在定语从句中作主语

5、、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：词有：when, where, why第7页/共64页关系词作用关系词作用 1.代替代替先行词先行词; .它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分; 3. 同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句先行词与它引导的定语从句.（把主句（把主句和从句连起来）和从句连起来）v关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟

6、在先行词之后，而且所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。第8页/共64页三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语第9页/共64页I have an apple.The apple is red.I have an applethat/wh

7、ich is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 第10页/共64页I like some friends. Some friends like sports.I like frineds who/that like sports. 修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 第11页/共64页 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤 :v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。 如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关关系系 代词可用代词可用which,that或或whosev 然后，要确定关系词在

8、从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 作主语作主语 作宾语作宾语 作定语作定语 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose第12页/共64页 who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略在定语从句中作宾语，可

9、省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.第13页/共64页 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. 第14页/共64页He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可

10、省略。语。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.第15页/共64页whose指人或物指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.第16页/共64页解题步骤和关键1.找准先行词2.判断从句缺少主语、宾语、定语或状语3.选择适当的关系词第17页/共64页1. I have a friend

11、_ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.whom第18页/共64页4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. Th

12、e boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that第19页/共64页定语从句练习定语从句练习第20页/共64页定语从句练习定语从句练习第21页/共64页定语从句练习定语从句练习第22页/共64页定语从句练习定语从句练习第23页/共64页关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语第24页/共64页2. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) th

13、at和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2. 关系代词用法注关系代词用法注意点意点(1)只能用只能用that第25页/共64页当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：等时。如：This is a

14、ll that I want from the school.当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等等修饰时。如：修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.第26页/共64页当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I le

15、arned will never be forgotten.第27页/共64页只用which的情况:1.在介词后面，指事物用which, 指人用whom2. 非限制定语从句中Eg.Last night ,I saw a very good film, which was about the Long March . 第28页/共64页(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面情况，多用都可以指人，但下面情况，多用who。先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.第29页/共64页(3

16、) whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：语。如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。了这个消息。第30页/共64页whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但代替，但语序不同，即语序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the

17、+名词名词+of which，或或= of which + the + 名词。如：名词。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。第31页/共64页whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of whom，或，或= of w

18、hom + the + 名词。如：名词。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.第32页/共64页(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the

19、teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语从句中的谓语第33页/共64页第34页/共64页第35页/共64页The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) T

20、he scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子第36页/共64页(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that

21、 I have ever seen. 第37页/共64页1.The girl _is standing who/that巩固练习：巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空巩固练习巩固练习2：用适当的：用适当的第38页/共64页四四. 介词介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1. 介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则：(1) 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollar

22、s.四四. “介词介词”第39页/共64页(2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.第40页/共64页2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能，且关系代词不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I

23、cant find the pen with which I was writing .第41页/共64页3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句作从句中介词的宾语中介词的宾语.而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?第42页/共6

24、4页4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：代词之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.第43页/共64页5. 先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，时，引导定语从句的关系词用引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which

25、或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）第44页/共64页五五. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原因状语第45页/共64页用

26、关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when第46页/共64页用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在在定语从句中作地点状语，定语从句中作地

27、点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关关系代词系代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where第47页/共64页用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several

28、reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why第48页/共64页4. 关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为当先行词为time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用时，应用关系词关系词that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country

29、.(2)当当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?第49页/共64页巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place

30、_ (_ _) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which第50页/共64页 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein

31、whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere第51页/共64页对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)第52页/共64页2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.w

32、hen/on which(that/which)第53页/共64页 The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.第54页/共64页六六. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。明，如果去掉，主句的意

33、思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。隔开。My watch, which is very old, stopped again.第55页/共64页2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：试比较：This is the best book that I

34、 have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.2. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句第56页/共64页(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词一般用关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。词，而在限

35、制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。限制性定语从句则不能。第57页/共64页(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。作介词的宾语。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on s