新编大学英语第二册Unit5dreams

1、Unit FiveDreams Preparati Preparatio on nPassagePassage Reading Reading Further DevelopmentFurther DevelopmentPost Reading Post Reading 3Did you dream last night?How much do you know about your dreams? What did you dream of? PreparationTalking About Your DreamsDirections: Work in pairs and discuss y

2、our dreams. You may base your discussion about dreams on the following questions. 1) Do you have recurring dreams, that is, dreams that you often have?2) Have you ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams? Do you have any explanation for your dreams? Useful Words and Expressionshorrible confus

3、ing signnightmaredisturbing relaxsweet dreams symbol exchangeseek adviceindication subconsciousSamplesS SamplesamplesvA: Do you have recurring dreams?vB: Yes. I often dream of having to take an exam I havent prepared for.vA: Oh thats the case for me. I think many students have such dreams. Have you

4、ever wondered about the meanings of your dreams or tried to find any explanations for them?vB: I am curious about the meanings of my dreams, but I dont have any explanations for them. My grandmother told me that if I dream of coffins or water, I will make a fortune. I did dream of water, but I am no

5、t rich. I ask my parents for money every month. Possible causes of the following dreams1.Dreaming of walking on hot coals; Maybe the one who had the dream was worried about sth.2.Dreaming of a dolphin; He may want to go to the zoo or swim.3.Dreaming of losing your job or house; Lately, hes so unfort

6、unate.4.Dreaming of taking a final exam; Success is around the corner. 5.Dreaming of drinking wine; Hes so upset about sth. 6.Dreaming of drinking water; Hes thirsty. 7.Dreaming that doorbells or telephones ring; He is quite absorbed in sth. 8.Dreaming that you try to run but your legs wont move. He

7、 is tired.The Meaning of “Dream”The Meaning of “Dream”Figurative use: (as a noun) an idea, aspiration, or ambition; (as a verb) to imaging, to inventLiteral meaning: (as a noun) a series of pictures or events in the mind of a sleeping person; (as a verb) to have a dreamDream & AspirationTo dream any

8、thing that you want to dream. Thats the beauty of the human mind. To do anything that you want to do. That is the strength of the human will. To trust yourself to test your limits. That is the courage to succeed. Bernard Edmonds梦想你想憧憬的一切，这是灵魂之美。做你想做的一切，这是意梦想你想憧憬的一切，这是灵魂之美。做你想做的一切，这是意志之坚。相信自己，挑战极限，乃成

9、功之必备的勇气。志之坚。相信自己，挑战极限，乃成功之必备的勇气。 伯纳德伯纳德埃德蒙埃德蒙Passage Reading BackgroundInformationPart Two: In-Class Reading Background Information 1. Sigmund Freud2. Carl Jung13 1. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) An Austrian doctor who developed a new system for understanding the way that peoples minds work, and a new w

10、ay of treating mental illness called psychoanalysis (心理分析). He believed that the bad experiences that peoplehave as children can affect their mental health as adults, and that by talking to mentally ill people about their past life and feelings, the hidden causes of their illness can be found. He wr

11、ote The Interpretation of Dreams and The Ego and the Id. His ideas, especially about the importance of sex, had a very great influence on the way that people thought in the 20th century.142. Carl Jung (1875-1961) A Swiss psychiatrist (精神病医师，精神病学家) who studied the importance of dreams and religion in

12、 problems of the mind, and divided people intoPart Two: In-Class Reading Background Information two groups, introverts (格性内向的人) and extroverts (性格外向的人). Jung developed the idea of the collective unconscious (集体无意识：在荣格心理学里指一个社会、一个民族或整个人类共有的头脑中部分无意识状态，是精神遗传的产物，包含诸如科学观、宗教观、伦理观等), the belief that people

13、s feelings and reactions are often based on deep memories of human experience in the past. He worked with Sigmund Freud until they had a serious disagreement.15Read the passage quickly and discuss the mian idea and organization with your partner.17 Are You a Dreamer? Dreamswhy do we have them? Do th

14、ey mean anything? Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still dont offer any final

15、answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us. Everyone dreamsits just that some of us cant remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall asleep. We dream for most of the night, but were only able to remember our dreams if

16、 we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 18 This is when we dream. 1 We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first about 90 minutes after we fall asleep . 2 After that, our dreaming periods recur ev

17、ery 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses. 3The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dreamto review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting r

18、id of material from our memories that we no longer need. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 19 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. 4Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream in

19、 which you try to run but your legs wont move may be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us. Part Two: In-Clas

20、s Reading Detailed Reading But such physiological explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream. 5Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simple

21、st of dreams. Some dreams reflect inner fears that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we ha

22、d done poorly. Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 21 But what of the dreams that do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both men and women have sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionarie

23、s, a dream about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life. By AD 200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and the ancient Greek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as righ

24、t hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen). Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 22 Today, there are countless books offering dream interpretations in libraries and bookshops. Theyre as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they

25、 should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, “Dreams are closely tied up with an individuals mind and analysis is so open to mistakes or errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream.” (595 words) Part T

26、wo: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading Organization AnalysisPartParaMain IdeaPart IPara.1Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. Part II Para.2-3 Scientific facts about dreams and sleep. Part IIIPara.4-6Possible causes of dreams.Part IVPara.7-9Dream interpretation. More M

27、ore MorePart II Para.2-3 Scientific facts about dreams and sleep.Para.4 Some dreams may have a physiological cause. Para.5 That explanation is not enough and there are disputes.Para.6 Another cause is peoples reflection of inner fears.Para.2 Dreaming occurs when we are in REM sleep.Para.3 The main p

28、urposes of sleeping: to give us rest and to allow us to dreamPart III Para.4-6 Possible causes of dream.Part Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingPart IV Para.7-9 Dream interpretation.Para.7 The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate short life and drinking water

29、 to indicate a long life.Para.8 Artemidorus dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).Para.9 There are countless interpretations, while people should read with care.Part Two: In-Class Reading Global ReadingWork in groups to answer the follo

30、wing questions.We dream for most of the night. However, we are only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in the REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.1)What kind of sleep can enable us to remember our dreams?We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night. The fi

31、rst one appears about 90 minutes after we are asleep. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes. Our dreaming periods get longer as the night progresses.2)Can you describe something of the REM sleep?Directions: Read the following statements carefully a

32、nd decide whether they are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._1) Scientists have discovered the possible causes of some dreams._2) Even those who claim that they never dream actually dream for most of the night._3) We dream when we are in REM sleep._4) We cant

33、 remember our dreams if we dont wake up while we are still in REM sleep._5) We repeat the same dream every 90 minutes.Understanding Specific InformationTTTTF29_ 6) Dreaming helps us forget unnecessary material from our memories._ 7) Some dreams can be explained as affected by physical surroundings._

34、 8) Dreams may indicate what has been worrying someone._ 9) The oldest dream dictionary was written 5000 years ago._10) According to Kenneth Saunders, it is impossible to explain dreams. TTTFF30Summary In the past few _, scientific advances still didnt offer any final answers to the many questions a

35、bout dreams that continue to _ us. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall _. The main purpose of sleeping may be to _ us to dreamto _ our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way.Direction: Fill in the blanks with as many words from the text a

36、s possible.decadespuzzleasleepallowreview31 The causes of dreams _. Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. And some dreams _ inner fears that are instantly recognizable. People have _ answers to the meanings of dreams. There are countless books offering dream _. But psychoanalyst and aut

37、hor Kenneth Saunders explains, “Dreams are closely _ up with an individuals mind.” varyreflectsoughtinterpretationstied1. We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep.我们每晚有四、五个REM睡眠阶段，第一次出现在入睡90分钟左右。It is an absolute constructio

38、n that functions as the complementary part.the first occurring这部分是分词独立主格结构，对主句起补充说明的作用。 TranslationCommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 33 独立主格是一种复合结构，在句中作状语。独立主格结构中名词或代词同其后的分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等在逻辑上有主谓关系。通常逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如果不一致的话，分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语（名词或代词

39、），构成分词的独立结构（或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构）。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。 To be continuedCommentsUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 34Examples1) The two boys gathered their gear and headed for home, stomachs crying for food, backs burning from too much sun, and legs stiff fro

40、m sitting. (补充说明) 2) There being no taxis, we had to walk home. (原因状语) 3) Weather permitting, we could do the work much better. (条件状语) 4) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (方式、伴随状语) Understanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 2. After that, our

41、 dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses. 此后梦期每90分钟复现一次，每次持续15到45分钟，持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐延长。“Getting longer” is the adverbial clause of the sentence. Its logic subject is “dreaming periods”. 分词短语getting longer在句中作状语，起补充说明作用。其逻辑主语即本句的主

42、语dreaming periods。 现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）都可以在句中引导状语,表示方式、伴随情况或补充说明。 To be continuedTranslationCommentsUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 36He came back, utterly exhausted. (补充说明)He sat at the window reading a newspaper. (伴随情况)The children ran out of the classroom, la

43、ughing and talking merrily. (伴随情况)The ancient Greek Artemidous wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen). (补充说明)ExamplesTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-C

44、lass Reading Detailed Reading 371. “when/if/while/though / as if +V-ed分词”作状语，能使“V-ed”分词结构所表示的分句更加明确。这种结构往往被看成一种省略结构，省略的主语必须与主句的主语相同。Even if invited, I wont go fishing.Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.2. 分词短语作状语与独立主格结构的区别：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则，就必须在分词的前面另加分词自己的主语（名

45、词或主语代词）构成独立主格结构，其作用也相当于状语从句。To be continuedNotesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 3.除了表明伴随情况和作补充说明，分词短语还可以作时间状语，原因状语，条件状语等。例如：1) Looking around, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus. (When I was looking around.) (表明时间)2) Having been

46、found guilty, the man was given a severe sentence by the judge. (表明原因)3) Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance. (表明条件)4)Though surrounded, the soldiers were not discouraged. (表明让步)NotesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 3. The m

47、ain purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dreamto review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need. 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦让我们以一种截然不同的方式回

48、顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望，还有就是让我们在潜意识中观察自我，把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。 TranslationUnderstanding Sentences To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 40在这个长句中，破折号后的两个动词不定式短语“to review”和“to get”是平行结构，解释说明“to dream”的具体内容，而结尾处的现在分词短语“getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need”表示伴随的状况。 Co

49、mmentsUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 4. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. 梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是因为睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器。 The expression “may well” means “be very likely to” (很可能). It can also be writ

50、ten as “might well” which means a slighter probability (较小的可能性).TranslationCommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 421) Wages may well fall to very low levels over the next few decades.2) Her life might well have been prolonged if she had been taken

51、 to hospital sooner. ExamplesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 435. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest

52、 of dreams. 有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈，仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果，然而，有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重要的含义。 To be continuedTranslationComments“Some some” introduces two parallel sentences. “While” indicates the comparison relationship.Understanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 44“ merely the result of the misfiring

53、 of electrical impulses in the brain, ” is the apposition of “total nonsense”.该句中some some引导的两个句子是平行结构；while又表明两者的对比关系。在前半句中，merely the result of the brain是total nonsense的同位语。CommentsTo be continuedUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading The expression “read something int

54、o something” means “think that a situation, action, etc. has a meaning or importance that it does not really have (错误地认为某事含有某种含义)”.It was only a casual remark. I think youre reading too much into it. ExamplesUnderstanding Sentences Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 46Word Studyreveal v.1.

55、to show or allow (sth. previously hidden to be seen) 展现，显露 The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened stage.2. make known (sth. previously secret or unknown) 泄露 I can now reveal that the new director is to be John.To be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 47Word Studysynonym： disclose

56、 v. to make known (esp. something that has been kept secret) publicly 公开泄露，透漏（尤指秘密） The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the murder victim.antonym：conceal v. to hide; keep from being seen or known 隐藏，隐瞒 He concealed his debts from his wife.Back to the textPart Two: In-Class Read

57、ing Detailed Reading 48Word Studyphysical adj. Back to the text1. natural, material 自然的，物质的 e.g. physical geography 自然地理2. of the body 身体的 physical fitness / physical exercise / physical examination3. of or concerning physics 物理的，物理学的 physical sciencecf. physicist 物理学家； physician 内科医生Part Two: In-Cl

58、ass Reading Detailed Reading 49puzzle v. 1. to make someone feel helpless and uncertain 使某人感到困惑What puzzles me is why they didnt take her advice.I feel puzzled at the pictures. 这幅画使我感到困惑。How do you deal with the puzzling situation? 你如何应 对这令人困惑的处境呢？Word StudyTo be continuedPart Two: In-Class Reading

59、Detailed Reading 50Word Studypuzzle about/over to make a great effort of the mind in order to find the answer to a question 为冥思苦想，因伤脑筋 I have been puzzling over all the figures, trying to find what happened to the missing money.puzzle something out to find the answer to (a problem) by thinking hard

60、苦思而求得的答案 Im trying to puzzle out the meaning of his words.Part Two: In-Class Reading Detailed Reading 51occur v. 1. (esp. of unplanned events) to take place; happen （尤指意外的事件）发生 The tragedy occurred only minutes after the take-off. 2. to be found; exist 被发现；存在That sound doesnt occur in his language s