课程设计-机械二级减速器说明书

1、机械课程设计机械课程设计二级减速器说明书二级减速器说明书班级：班级：09 测控测控姓名：郑伟勋姓名：郑伟勋学号：学号：19920092203754指导教师：孙道恒指导教师：孙道恒2目目录录一一、 设计任务书设计任务书.3二二、电动机的选择计算电动机的选择计算.3三三、传动装置的总传动比和分配传动比的确定传动装置的总传动比和分配传动比的确定.6四四、运动参数及动力参数计算运动参数及动力参数计算.6五五、 传动零件的设计计算传动零件的设计计算.8六六、 减速器结构尺寸减速器结构尺寸.11七七、 轴的设计轴的设计.13八八、 轴承设计计算轴承设计计算.26九九、 键设计计算键设计计算.28十十、 减

2、速器附件设计减速器附件设计.29十一、参考文献十一、参考文献3一、一、设计任务书设计任务书滚筒直径（mm）带运动速度（m/s）带轴所需扭矩(Nm)有无灰尘5000.8700无二、二、电动机的选择计算电动机的选择计算1.1. 电动机的容量电动机的容量4传送带角速度w=v/r=0.8/0.25=3.2 rad/s带传动的额定功率 pw=Tw/1000=7003.210-3/1000=2.24 kW传动滚筒效率卷筒=0.96弹性联轴器效率1=0.99刚性联轴器的效率2=0.99滚动轴承效率轴承=0.98开式齿轮的传动效率开齿轮=0.97由电动机到传输带的传动总效率为总=轴4齿2联2卷筒=0.9840

3、.9720.9920.96=0.817电动机工作时所需的功率为 pd=pw/总=2.24/0.817=2.74 kW2.2. 电动机的转速电动机的转速传送带工作转速为 n=601000v/D=30.57 r/min总传送比合理范围为 ia=16160电动机转速的可选范围为 na=ian=30.57（16160）=489.1248912符合这一范围的同步转速有 750、1000、1500、30003.3. 电动机型号的选择电动机型号的选择选择三相笼型异步电动机，封闭式结构，电压为 380V，Y 型w=3.2 rad/spw=2.24 kW总=0.817pd=2.74 kWn=30.57 r/mi

4、nna=489.12489125综合考虑电动机和传动装置的尺寸、 重量、 价格和带传动、 减速器的传动比，可见型号 Y132S-6 的电动机比较合适。其主要性能：额定功率：3KW，满载转速 960r/min，额定电压 380V，频率50Hz。型型号号额定额定功率功率额定额定电流电流转速转速 效率效率功率功率因数因数堵转堵转转矩转矩堵转堵转电流电流最大最大转矩转矩噪声噪声振动振动速度速度重量重量额定额定转矩转矩额定额定电流电流额定额定转矩转矩1 1级级2 2级级kWkWA Ar/mir/min n% %COSCOS倍倍倍倍倍倍dB(A)dB(A)mm/smm/skgY100L-2Y100L-23

5、6.4 2880 82.0 0.87 2.27.02.374 791.834Y100L2-4Y100L2-436.8 1430 82.5 0.81 2.27.02.365 701.835Y132S-6Y132S-637.2960 83.0 0.8 2.06.52.266 711.866Y132M-8Y132M-837.7710 82.0 0.7 2.05.52.061 661.876机座号级数安装尺寸外形尺寸HABCDEFGKMNPRSTABACADHDL100L2,4,6 100160 14063286082412 215 180 250 0154 205 215 180245380额定功率

6、：3KW，满载转速960r/min6三、传动装置的总传动比和分配传动比的确定三、传动装置的总传动比和分配传动比的确定总传动比为 Ia=nm/n=960/30.57=31.4考虑润滑条件，为使两级大齿轮直径相近，查表查得 i1=7.25由 i2=i/i1=31.4/7.25=4.33四、运动参数及动力参数计算四、运动参数及动力参数计算1 1、计算各轴转速（计算各轴转速（r/minr/min）nI=n电机=960r/minnII=nI/i1=960/7.25=132.41r/minnIII=nII/i2=132.41/4.33=30.57r/minn卷筒轴=nIII=30.57r/min2 2、计

7、算各轴的输入功率（计算各轴的输入功率（KWKW）PI=P工作联轴器=2.740.99=2.71KWPII=PI轴承齿轮=2.710.980.97=2.58KWPIII=PII轴承齿轮=2.580.980.97=2.45KWP卷筒轴=PIII轴承联轴器=2.450.980.99=2.38KW3 3、计算各轴的输出功率（计算各轴的输出功率（KWKW）PI=P工作联轴器轴承=2.66KWPII=PI轴承齿轮=2.660.980.97=2.53KWPIII=PII轴承齿轮=2.530.980.97Ia=31.4i1=7.25i2=4.33nI=960r/minnII=132.41r/minnIII=3

8、0.57r/minn卷筒轴=30.57r/minPI=2.71KWPII=2.58KWPIII=2.45KWP卷筒轴=2.38KWPI2.66KWPII=2.53KW7=2.40KWP卷筒轴=PIII轴承联轴器=2.400.980.99=2.33KW4 4、计算各轴输入扭矩（、计算各轴输入扭矩（N Nmmmm）电动机轴输出转矩 Td=9.551062.74/960=27257NmmI-III 轴输入转矩为：TI=9.55106PI/nI=9.551062.71/960=26959NmmTII=9.55106PII/nII=9.551062.58/132.41=186081NmmTIII=9.5

9、5106PIII/nIII=9.551062.45/30.57=765374Nmm卷筒轴输入转矩为：T卷筒轴=9.55106P卷筒轴/n卷筒轴=9.551062.38/30.57=743507NmmPIII=2.40KWP卷筒轴=2.33KWTd=27257NmmTI=26959NmmTII=186081NmmTIII=765374NmmT卷筒轴=743507Nmm8五、传动零件的设计计算五、传动零件的设计计算1 1、高速轴传动齿轮设计高速轴传动齿轮设计（1）选择齿轮材料及精度等级考虑减速器传递功率不大，所以齿轮采用软齿面。小齿轮选用 40Cr 调质，齿面硬度为 250HBW。大齿轮选用 45

10、 钢，调质，齿面硬度 220HBW,选 8 级精度。齿面精糙度 Ra1.63.2m（2）按齿面接触疲劳强度设计轴序号轴序号输入功率输入功率(kw)(kw)输出功率输出功率(kw)(kw)转转速速n(r/min)n(r/min)转矩转矩(N.mm)(N.mm)传动传动比比效率效率电动机2.74960272571.000.99轴2.712.66960269597.250.95轴2.582.53132.411860814.330.95轴2.452.4030.577653741.000.97卷筒轴2.382.3330.577435079小齿轮分度圆直径 d112121HHEHdT K KuZ Z Zu

11、d其中，k 为载荷集中系数，取值 1.05。1d为齿宽系数，取值 1.12H为许用接触应力，计算公式为H=HlimbKHL/SH,Hlimb取值 570，SH取值 1.1，KHL取值 1。则H的值为 518。3u 为齿数比，取小齿轮齿数 Z1=20，i=7.25，则 u=7.25，Z2=145。4T1 为齿轮的工作转矩，则 T1=26959 Nmm。5求得 d1=40mm， m=d1/Z1=40/20=2mm， d2=mZ2=2145=290mm,则齿轮圆周速度 v=d1n1/（601000）=2.01，查表得，KV取值 1.15（3）校核齿根弯曲疲劳强度F=2YFT1KKV/(d12dm)H

12、1许用弯曲应力 F=FlimbKFCKFL/SFFlimb1=450，Flimb2=396。SF取值 2，单向传动 KFC=1，KFL=1则 F1=450/2=225， F2=396/2=198。2由 Z1=20，Z2=145，YF1=4.15，YF2=3.75。则F1/YF1=225/4.15=54.22F2/YF2=198/3.75=52.8因为F1/YF1F2/YF2，所以验算大齿轮的弯曲应力3F=2YFT1KKV/(d12dm)=23.75269591.051.15/（4021.12）=69.36F2，因此，弯曲强度足够。（4）其他参数计算1计算中心距：a221mzz =165mm2计

13、算齿轮宽度：b=d*d1=44mm, 取1b=50mm，2b=45mmZ1=20,Z2=145d1=40mmm=2mmd2=290mma=165mm1b=50mm103齿根高 hf=1.25m=2.5mm，则齿根圆直径为 35mm2 2、低速轴传动齿轮设计低速轴传动齿轮设计（1）选择齿轮材料及精度等级考虑减速器传递功率不大，所以齿轮采用软齿面。小齿轮选用 20Cr 调质，齿面硬度为 250HBW。大齿轮选用 45 钢，调质，齿面硬度 220HBW,选 8 级精度。齿面精糙度 Ra1.63.2m（2）按齿面接触疲劳强度设计小齿轮分度圆直径 d112121HHEHdT K KuZ Z Zud其中，

14、k 为载荷集中系数，取值 1.05。1d为齿宽系数，取值 1.12H为许用接触应力，计算公式为H=HlimbKHL/SH,Hlimb取值 570，SH取值 1.1，KHL取值 1。则H的值为 518。3u 为齿数比，取小齿轮齿数 Z1=20，i=4.33，则大齿轮的齿数为 86.6，取值 Z2=85，实际传动比 u=4.25，传动比误差（i-I0）/I0=（4.33-4.25）/4.25=1.9%F2/YF2，所以验算大齿轮的弯曲应力3F=2YFT1KKV/(d12dm)=23.751860811.051.15/ （8021.14）=59.84TC=29.8 Nmn=4500r/minn=96

15、0r/min减速器高速轴外伸段直径为 d1=18mm， 长度 l1 =42mm。 因为安装联轴器处 l1 l1，则 l1取值 40mm。3) 确定轴各段直径和长度1 段：d1=18mm长度取 l1=40mm因为 10mm18mm18mm，则查表得零件的倒角 C 的值取 0.8mm，则轴肩高度取值 h1=2C=1.6mm。2 段:d2=d1+2h1=18+21.6=21.2mm，取 d2=21长度取 l2=37mm因为 18mm21mm30mm,则查表得零件的倒角 C 的值取 1mm，则轴肩高度取值h2=2C=2mm。3 段： 选用 6305 型深沟球轴承， 其内径为 25mm,宽度为 12mm

16、。 则 d3=25mm， l3=35mm。因为 18mm25mmTC=765 Nmn=2240r/minn=30.57r/min减速器高速轴外伸段直径为 d1=55mm，J1型长度 l1=84mm。因为安装联轴器处l1l1，则 l1取值 80mm。3) 确定轴各段直径和长度1 段：d1=55mm长度取 l1=80mm2 段:d2=65长度取 l2=38mm3 段： 初选用 6015 型深沟球轴承，其内径为 75mm,宽度为 20mm。则 d3=75mm，l3=33mm。4 段： （此段为齿轮轴的齿轮所在段）d4=85m长度取 l4=b2=50mm1段直径为55mm，长度为 80mm2段直径为6

17、0mm，长度为 38mm3段直径为65mm，235 段：d5=95mm长度取 l5=10mm6 段：d685mm，长度取 l6=90mm7 段：初选用 6015 型深沟球轴承，其内径为 75mm,宽度为 20mm。则 d7=75mm，l7=33mm。所以各轴段直径设计为1 段直径为 55mm，长度为 80mm2 段直径为 60mm，长度为 38mm3 段直径为 65mm，长度为 33mm4 段直径为 70mm, 长度为 50mm5 段直径为 75mm，长度为 10mm6 段直径为 70mm，长度为 90mm7 段直径为 65mm, 长度为 33mm4) 轴的校核1作用在齿轮上的圆周力和径向力及

18、带轮作用在轴上的力作用在齿轮上的圆周力NdTFIt465280186081221作用在齿轮上的径向力NFFotr936120tan4652tan2垂直面的支撑反力NFV5661NFV112723水平面的支撑反力长度为 33mm4段直径为70mm,长度为 50mm5段直径为75mm，长度为 10mm6段直径为70mm，长度为 90mm7段直径为65mm,长度为 33mmNFt4652NFr9361NFV5661NFV11272NFH15561NFH09632mNMaV977.61mNMaH382.17024NFH15561NFH096324由题意可得在齿轮的中心面为危险截面(弯矩最大)(以左半面

19、计算),绘制垂直面的弯矩图mNMaV977.615绘制水平面的弯矩图mNMaH382.1706合成弯矩（如图 d）考虑到最不利得情况mNMMMaHaVa181382.170977.6122227轴传递的转矩（如图 e）mmNT 7653748危险截面的当量弯矩易知最危险当量弯矩为22)( TMMae取折合系数1，带入上式可得mNMe786)7651 (18122危险截面除轴的直径9轴的材料选用 45 钢，调质处理，查表得MPaB650，查表得MPab601,则mmMdbe51601 . 01000786 1 . 0331而实际上该截面直径为 70mm，因此满足条件。mNMa181mNMe 78

20、6mmd51115525八、轴承设计计算八、轴承设计计算（1）轴轴承校核轴轴承选用的是 6305 型深沟球轴承查表得1Pf，温度为常温，查得1tf。因为没有轴向力，所以 Fa/Cor=0，X=1求当量动载荷 P故1155)(aYFXFfrp计算轴承寿命h1L)PC(n60106年14123279)115522200(609601036h10 年符合条件（2）轴轴承校核轴轴承选用的是 6307 型深沟球轴承查表得1Pf，温度为常温，查得1tf。因为没有轴向力，所以 Fa/Cor=0，X=1求当量动载荷 P故3109)(aYFXFfrp计算轴承寿命h1L)PC(n60106年17153278)31

21、0933200(41.132601036h10 年符合条件h1L年143109h1L年173295h1L年5726（3）轴轴承校核轴轴承选用的是 61913 型深沟球轴承查表得1 . 1Pf，温度为常温，查得1tf。因为没有轴向力，所以 Fa/Cor=0，X=1求当量动载荷 P故3295)(aYFXFfrp计算轴承寿命h1L)PC(n60106年57499387)329532000(57.30601036h10 年符合条件（4）各轴轴承尺寸如下名称所选轴承rC（KN）0rC（KN）外径 D轴承宽B内径 d高速轴630522.211.5521720中间轴630733.210.5802135低速轴

22、601232.024.81001865（5）轴承的润滑与密封1 减速器的润滑采用油润滑，润滑油选用中负荷工业齿轮油 GB5903-86。2 油标尺 M16,材料 Q235A。3 密封圈采用橡胶圈密封，因为无灰尘，所以以防止漏油为主，唇向内侧。k=6/2=3，l=L-b=32-6=26apMP.83827九、九、 键设计计算键设计计算（1） I 轴上键的强度校核查表 4-5-72 得许用挤压应力为apMP1101 段键与键槽接触疲劳强度k=6/2=3，l=L-b=32-6=26apapMPMPT110.8381018263257.272kld29故此键能安全工作。（1） II 轴上键的校核查表

23、4-5-72 得许用挤压应力为apMP1102 段键与键槽接触疲劳强度k=8/2=4，l=L-b=40-12=28apapMPMPdT110.1831040284081.1862kl29故此键能安全工作。（3）III 轴上键的校核查表 4-5-72 得许用挤压应力为apMP1101 段键与键槽接触疲劳强度k=10/2=5，l=L-b=70-16=54apapMPMPdT11013.1001055545507.7432kl29故此键能安全工作。4 段与键槽接触疲劳强度k=14/2=7，l=L-b=80-25=55apapMPMPdT11078.461085557374.7652kl29故此键能安

24、全工作。k=8/2=4，l=L-b=40-12=28apMP.183k=10/2=5，l=L-b=70-16=54apMP13.100k=14/2=7，l=L-b=80-25=55apMP78.4628十、减速器附件设计十、减速器附件设计1)观察孔及观察孔盖的选择与设计观察孔用来检查传动零件的啮合， 润滑情况， 并可由该孔向箱内注入润滑油。平时观察孔盖用螺钉封住， 。为防止污物进入箱内及润滑油渗漏，在盖板与箱盖之间加有纸质封油垫片，油孔处还有虑油网。 查表，选观察孔和观察孔盖的尺寸分别为120140和90110。2)油面指示装置设计油面指示装置采用油标指示。3)通气器的选择通气器用来排出热膨胀

25、， 持气压平衡。 查表6表 15-6 选236M型通气帽。4)放油孔及螺塞的设计放油孔设置在箱座底部油池的最低处，箱座内底面做成5 . 1外倾斜面，在排油孔附近做成凹坑，以便能将污油放尽，排油孔平时用螺塞堵住。查表选5 . 120M型外六角螺塞。5)起吊环的设计为装卸和搬运减速器，在箱盖上铸出吊环用于吊起箱盖。6)起盖螺钉的选择为便于台起上箱盖， 在上箱盖外侧凸缘上装有 1 个启盖螺钉， 直径与箱体凸缘连接螺栓直径相同。7)定位销选择29为保证箱体轴承座孔的镗孔精度和装配精度， 在精加工轴承座孔前， 在箱体联接凸缘长度方向的两端，个装配一个定位销。采用圆锥销，直径是凸缘连接螺栓直径的 0.8

26、倍。g an employment tribunal claim30Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if:you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against youyour employer dismisses you and you think that you ha

27、ve been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you havent appealed against thedisciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, thetribunal may reduce an

28、y compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal withinthree months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your applicationis received after this time limit, the tribunal

29、will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of theorganisations listed under Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process andyou will need to give evidence under an oath or aff

30、irmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking aboutmaking a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of theorganisations listed under Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, the

31、y may ask you to sign an agreementwhere you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known asa damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than35% of your compensation if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for a dam

32、ages-based agreement, you should make sureyoure clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experiencedadviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those thatgive advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information

33、about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employmenttribunals.The (lack of) air up thereWatch mCayman Islands-based Webb, thehead of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is inLondon for the FootballAssociations 150thanniversarycelebrations and willattend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea onSun

34、day.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I haveasked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to findout what his experience was.Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for theracist behaviour of their fans during C

35、itys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governingbody, has also ordered an immediate investigation into thereferees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by31Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found noracist insults from fans of CSKA.Age

36、 has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems topassing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in thepast, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has beenvery messy, in my mind constantly. Always fee

37、l oneself should go to do something, orwrite something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something,do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。 或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our

38、 life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, butas the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional;Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means th

39、at the real growth, but overthe past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt reallygrow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent toout your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but w

40、aseventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch hehas sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself hasalready cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平

41、气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中， 觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点， 但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉， 后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场， 看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely,have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间

42、。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as ifnothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but moreoften is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot oflove, there are a lot of miss, like

43、 shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, justgreen years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。 也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事， 但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是

44、的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought ofblue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at32the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haventstart planning. Those y

45、ears, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻， 天空是阴暗的， 空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。 突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸； 那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊； 还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可， 终于和青春一样， 都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in thismission. Starting at t

46、he ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph,with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsuleattached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where ourday-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he cro