初二英语(动词时态+状语从句+非谓语动词+特殊考点)

1、专项复习：动词时态 一般现在时【考点笔记】1.动词的第三人称词尾变化当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z；在t后读ts,在d后读dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读iz,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意：动词ha

2、ve的第三人称单数是has.2. 一般现在时的用法1） 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、sometimes，seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。Eg, I often go to school by bike. Tom always gets up at 8:00am.2）表示现在的状态。Eg,Tom studys very hard now.3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。Eg, He can speak five foreign languages . Th

3、at is a beautiful city . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。Eg, The sun rises in the east . The earth goes around the sun . Ten minus two is eight. Light travels faster than sound . The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.5）表示按计划或安排好的，

4、或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。Eg, Here comes the bus. English class begins at 8:00.6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。Eg, Ill tell him the news when he comes back. If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting .【真题精练】例1：写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。

5、1. cook _ 2.watch_ 3.build_4.have_ 5.wash_ 6. enjoy _7. go _ 8 receive _ 9.cry_10. close _11. drive _12. choose _13. play _14. reach _例2：He often (go) swimming in summer.例3：My father (be) at work. He (be) very busy.例4：Ann (write) good English but (do) not speak well. 例5：The earth (move) around the s

6、un. 【横扫学霸】1.The train (leave) at six tomorrow morning. 2.Ill tell him the news when he (come) back. 3.If you take the job , they (talk) with you in greater details.一般过去时【考点笔记】1、动词过去式的规则变化：构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音和元音后读d；在t,d后读id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivehopel

7、ikedlivedhoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries注：不规则动词过去式参见八年级下册P142。2. 一般过去时的用法 1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, last week, an hour ago,just now, the other day, in 1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般

8、用after。Eg, At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .I was in Beijing yesterday .He went to the park yesterday .2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。Eg,Tom often played football when he was young. I always visited Tom when I was in America.3）一般过去式也可与today,this week,this month,t

9、his year等表现在的时间壮语连用，但这些时间壮语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。【真题精练】例1：写出下列动词的过去式形式。1. put _2. drink _3. cry _4. pull _5. ride _6.begin _7. sit _8. run _9. take _10.sweep _11. stop _12. solve _13. rob _14. wait _15. lie _16. turn _17. explore _ 18. drop _19. clean _20. produce _ 21.get _22.laugh_23.pay_24.di

10、e_25.prefer _例2：Where (do) you go just now? 例3：After a few years, she (start） to play the piano.例4：When I was a child, I often (play) football in the street. 例5： (do) you see him today?【横扫学霸】1,Tony football every weekend when he was young.A.plays B.played C.is playing D.has played2, -Have you ever b

11、een to Beijing? -Yes. Last month I there.A. have been B.went C.will go3,-Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS! -Sorry, I it.A. dont see B.didnt see C. havent seen D. Went4, I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.5. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 现在完成时【考点笔记】1、现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has+动词

12、的过去分词Eg. I have lost my wallet. Jane has laid the table. Michael has been ill. He has returned from abroad.2、过去分词的构成：过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同，在动词词尾加-ed；不规则变化的过去分词见九年级下册教科书p74不规则动词表。3，现在完成时的用法1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。Eg. He has already obtained a scholars

13、hip. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet?2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long. eg. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here s

14、ince 1998.3)现在完成时需注意的问题：表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。Eg：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter fo

15、r a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用，如：yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to ,have/has gone to ,have been in的区别： have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, l

16、ast week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。 I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员） 【真题精练】例1：写出下列动词的过去分词形式

17、。1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find 5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut 9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see 13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell 例2：You (grow) much taller already.例3：It (be) five years since he joined the army .例4：They (learn) English for eight years .【横扫学霸】1、-Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the firs

18、t time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 2、-Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 3、Do you know _? A. how long has he lived here B. how long he has lived here C. he has lived here how long

19、 D. he has lived how long here 4、 He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? A. already B. never C. ever D. still5、 Have you met Mr Li _ A.just B.ago C.before D.a moment ago6、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory_ for twenty years. 7、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _

20、an hour ago. 8、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .同义句 Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 9、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce.状语从句结构图？时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon

21、as地点状语从句 where,wherever 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that目的状语从句 in order that, so that, that结果状语从句 sothat, so that, suchthat, that条件状语从句 if, unless, as(so)long as让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as比较状语从句 asas, soas, than方式状语从句 as, as if, as though 时间状从 【考点笔记】时

22、间状语从句常用从属连词when,after,until,as soon as,等来引导。主要考察点：时态（主将从现）当主句是祈使句或谓语动词是一般将来时态或情态动词时，其时间状语从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。就是 “主将从现”。Eg, When I got home, he was having supper. They sang as they danced. While I was sleeping, my father came in. I missed the train because I got up late. As he was not wel

23、l,I decided to go there without him. Since this method doesnt work, lets try another. 【真题精练】1、You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play. A. before B. after C. when D. while2、The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. dont; when C.

24、not to; until D. not; after3、When Jims mother came in ,he _ his homeworkA.is doing B.has done C.was doing4、Its not polite to speak loudly _ you are having a meal.A.while B.after C.until D.since5、Herry will give us a report as soon as he _.A.arrives B.arrived C.is arriving D.will arrive 【横扫学霸】1、_ I g

25、ot back ,I found my mother cooking for me.A.When B.Before C.Since D.Although2、-Mike，you look so tired. -I didnt go to bed _ it was 12 oclock last night.A.unless B.after C.until D.as3,Peter likes reading a newspaper he is having breakfast.A. until B. while C. because D.though 原因状语从句 【考点笔记】 because,si

26、nce,as,for都可用来引导原因状语从句，区别：because用来表示“造成某种结果的直接原因”，语气较浓，常用来回答why提出的问句。as和since用来表示“看的到的或是不说也知道的原因”，since也可译作：“既然”。for引导的原因状语从句不置于句首，常用来表示“顺便提及的理由”，只是稍带说明原因，并非强调。Eg.Waterisveryimportantbecausewecantlivewithoutit. I am late because I am ill. Since you cant answer the question , you can ask someone for

27、 help. I am late because of the illness. Ill do it for you since you are busy. 【真题精练】1、I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because2、I didnt hear the phone because my father _ TV then.A.is watching B.was watching C.watched D.watches 【横扫

28、学霸】1、Mo Yans books have been sold out in many bookstores ._ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize.A.because B.since C.as D.because of2、-Tom isnt feeling very well. -He seems to have a cold _ the bad weather changes suddenly.A.before B.so C.because D.though3、The family had to stay at the hotel ,_

29、 it has raining hard.A.because B.although C.until D.unless4、Liu Ying didnt go to school yesterday_ she was ill in bed.A.so B.if C.because D.until5、I cant afford to buy an iphone 5,_ its too expensive for me.A.after B.though C.because D.so 连词 【考点笔记】初中阶段主要考察：and but so or的用法And 和but但是，不能与though和althou

30、gh连用so 因此，不能与because连用or或者，否定句中表示和Eg. Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. Hold on until I fetch help. Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. He distrusted me because I was new. As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. Since weve no money, we cant buy it. Seeing that hes ill hes unlikely

31、 to come. Now that she has apologized, I am content. 【真题精练】 1. How can I wake up so early? Set the alarm at 5 oclock, _ youll make it.A. but B. or C. and D. so2. For a person with reading habits, a printed page contains not only words _ ideas, thoughts and feelings. A. yet B. and C. or D. but 3.Be c

32、areful , _ youll make fewer mistakes in the exam.A.or B.but C.and4._ Tom _ Nancy can help us. We have to ask others for help.A.Both;and B.Either;or C.Neither; nor5. Work hard, _ youll pass the exam. OK. Ill try my best.A. or B. and C. but 【横扫学霸】 1.His hobby is _ singing _ dancing . Its drawing.A.eit

33、her;or B.neither; nor C.both ; and D. not only ; but also.2.His hobby is _ singing _ dancing . Its drawing.A.either; or B.neither; nor C.both;and D.not only; but also3.Lets go for a walk, shall we? OK, _ I need to clean the dishes first. A. so B. and C. but4. Going to the movies is good, _ I really

34、only like listening to music. A. and B. but C. so D. or5.Practice more, _ youll fall behind. A.but B.or C.and D.so 非谓语动词非谓语动词与谓语动词相对，不能再句子中单独做谓语，不受人称数的限制，具有某些动词的特征，主要包括动词不定式to do，动名词doing， 分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。其知识体系结构图 1. to do非谓语动词 2.doing 3.done 动词不定式to do【考点笔记】动词不定式有加to和省略to两种形式，常见考点是在在句子中做主语、宾

35、语、表语、定语、宾补、状语等。考点1：不定式做主语考点2：不定式作宾语考点3：不定式做宾语补足语考点4：不定式做定语考点5：不定式做目的状语考点6：省略to的不定式Eg. 不定式:I am glad to see you.(to+动词) 动名词:Playing basketball is my hobby. 现在分词:There are many people living in this village. 过去分词:I heard my name called.They suggested building a garden.The suit used to fit him very wel

36、l.He avoided being punished by his parents.The boss ordered them to start the work.The boss ordered them to start the work.He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done.【真题精练】题型1：不定式做主语例1

37、. is very interesting(踢足球).例2. It is very interesting （踢足球。）题型2：不定式作宾语例3.He wants (borrow) a book from me.题型3：不定式做宾语补足语例4.My teacher always encourages me (study)hard.题型4：不定式做定语例5.Do you have something （吃）？【横扫学霸】1.He is looking for a house _ _ (住)2.Dont forget thanks when other people help you.A.acce

38、pt B.to accept C.say D.to say3. a book in the library, enter a key word into the computer.A.To find B.find C. To write D. write4.Youd better here. Look at the sigh. Its forbidden.A. dont smoked B.not to smoke C.no smoking D.not to smoke5.Sometimes we find hard to speak English. A.us B.our C.me D.it

39、动名词doing【考点笔记】在形式上动名词和现在分词一样，但它相当于一个动词性的名词，具有名词的大多数特征，在句子中当中可以做主语、并与、表语、定语等成分，初中阶段常跟动名词doing的作宾语的考点如下：完成实践值得忙（finish/practice/be worth/be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on/be used to/give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider/suggest/ cant help/feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy/miss/mind）考点1：动名词做主语考点2：动名词作宾语考点3：动名词做表语考点4：不定式做定语Eg. Seeing i

40、s believing.He came to the party without being invited.We remembered having seen the film.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. I regret not following his advice. He suggested our trying it once again. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 【真题精练】例1： (see)is belie

41、ving. 例2：His job is (feed)animals.例3：Have you finished that novel?A.read B.reading C.to read D. readed例4：Ill try my best to stop my son from the same mistake. A.make B.making C.to make D.made例5：There is a beautiful _(swim)pool in our school.A.swum B.swim C.swiming D.swimming【横扫学霸】1. is the first thi

42、ng people should learn.A.Honest B.Be honest C. Being honest D.To be honest2.The Greens used to live in London and now the in Beijing.A.used to live B.are used to live C.are used to living D.are used for living3.I wouldnt a roommate. We can help each other and save money together.A.have B.to have C.h

43、aving D.being haved 4.Why not ask your father for help when you have trouble the homework by yourself?A.have B.has C.having D.to have5.-Are you going to watch TV or listen to music this evening? -I prefer TV to to music.A.to watch; listening B.to watch; listen C.watching;listening D.watching;listen.

44、 分词doing/done【考点笔记】分词分为现在分词doing和过去分词done两类，现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。考点1：分词作定语考点2：分词作表语考点3：分词作宾补Eg. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting.The window is broken.They were frightened at the sad sight.I heard the song sung several time

45、s last week.With the work done, they went out to play.Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.【真题精练】例1：China is a country.A.developing B.developed C.to develop D.developed 例2：The story is very .A.interested B.interesting C.to interest D.be interested例3：Do you see the boys on th

46、e street?A. to play B.play C.playing D.played例4：I often hear her English in the classroom.A. read B.to read C.reads D.reading例5：Do you know the girl over there under the big tree?A.stand B.standing C.sit D.seat【横扫学霸】1.My father always has me my homework before supper.A.finish B.to finish C.finishing

47、 D.finished2.I often have my homework before supper.A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished3.My girlfriend Kate kept me for her in front of the gate for hours.A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited 4.Would you like some water?A.boil B.to boil C.boiling D.boiled名词所有格/冠词 名词所有格 【考点笔记】一、定义：有些名词可以加“s”来表

48、示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。 二、构成: 名词+s 或 of + 名词短语(一)在名词尾加s:主要表示有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的某些空间和时间名词的所有格。1.单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s。 Eg. the boys bag 男孩的书包 mens room 男厕所 2.若名词已有复数词尾又是s ，只加 Eg. the workers struggle 工人的斗争 the girls father3.如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个s，则表示“共有”。 Eg.Johns and Marys room(两间) John and Marys room(一间)4.在复合名词或短语中，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 Eg. a month or twos absence5.作为一个整体的词组，一般在最后一个词的词尾加s。 Eg. an hour and a halfs walk （步行一个半小时的路程） Jim and Charles boat （卡咯和查尔斯两人共有的船）6.下列情况