初二英语第十次课

1、 It的用法，主谓一致第十次课 一、用来表示时间、天气、地点、距离、一、用来表示时间、天气、地点、距离、环境、形势、还可指未知的人等。例如：环境、形势、还可指未知的人等。例如： It is two miles to the beach.It was raining in the morning. If its convenient, I can see you tomorrow.It was very noisy at the very moment.Someone is knocking at the door. Go and see who it is .it表示时间常用于句型：表示时间常

2、用于句型： 1、 It is/has been一段时间一段时间since 从句（用一般过去时态）从句（用一般过去时态） It was 一段时间一段时间 since 从句从句 （用过去完成时态）（用过去完成时态） 用用meet 的适当形式填空的适当形式填空例如：例如： 1）It is/has been many years since I you last in London. 2）It was a long time since I you last in London.methad met It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已

3、经五个月了。我到纽约已经五个月了。It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。我离开纽约已经五个月了。（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；（注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）状态结束时算起。） 2、 It is/ will be + 一段时间一段时间 + before 从句从句(用现在时态用现在时态) It was +一段时间一段时间+before从句从句 （用一般过去时态）（用一般过去时态）表示表示“在（做某事）前过了多长时间在

4、（做某事）前过了多长时间”，或，或“过了多长时间才过了多长时间才”。如：。如：But it _more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before. will be二、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物二、用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物 如：如：The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago.注：区分注：区分 it one that 1. I was disappointed with the film ，I had expec

5、ted _ to be much betterAthat Bthis Cone Dit2. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms.A. one B. that C. it D. this3.The air of a suburb is cleaner than _of a city.A. one B. that C. it D. those三、指代不定式、动名词、从句等，用作形三、指代不定式、动名词、从句等，用作形式主语或形式宾语。如：式主语或形式宾语。如： It is n

6、ot easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject.注意：it 用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词，尤其是表示好、恶的动词，如：enjoy, l

7、ike, hate, cant help, appreciate, see to(注意到，务必) 1.I will appreciate it if you help me. 2.please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out.1. We must make _ to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.A.What is clear B. it is clearC. it clear D. that clear2. I hate _ wh

8、en people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them3. _ one day they will have enough animals to set them free.A. It is hoped for B. what is hoped thatC. As is hoped that D. It is hoped that 四、四、it 用来引起强调句型用来引起强调句型 It is/was + 被强调的部分被强调的部分 +that/who Is/Was it + 被强调的部分被强调的部分 +that/w

9、ho?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who?I didnt meet her in the street until May.It was in the street that I didnt meet her until May.It was not until May that I met her in the street.比较：比较： It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.(强调句型强调句型) It is a small factory where my brother is going

10、 to work.（定语从句）（定语从句）1. It was in the school, _ I once studied, _we held a party.A. when/that B. in which/ that C. that/where D. that/in which 2. It was five oclock in the afternoon _ they climbed up to the top of the mountain Asince Bwhen Cthat Duntil3.-_you got to know I traveled to the USA?-Throu

11、gh one of your colleagues.A. Where it was that B. When it was that C. How was it that D. Why was it that综合练习综合练习1.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it 2. _ is our belief that improvements in health

12、care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (2006 浙江)A. What B. That C. This D. It3. Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you (2006 山东) 4. I dont like working late into the night, but I cant help _. A. so B. that C. it D. them.5.

13、The doctor advised strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A. it B. she C. which D. he6. Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 7. -He was nearly drown once.-When was _ -_ was in 1998 when he was in midd

14、le school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This8. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what (2002 全国)含有含有“It is ”的句型的句型1. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.2. It i

15、s + 形容词（形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth. 通常用通常用 of的词有的词有brave、clever、careful、 hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、 silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。等。3. It is + 形容词形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气）能用于这个句型的形容词有能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、ne

16、cessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。而直接用动词原形。 It is important that we should pay close attention to grain.It is natural that he（should）say so.4. It is no use/ good + doing sth. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again.5. It is said/reported/announce

17、d/ (well) known /believed thatIt is believed that proper morning exercises are good for our health.6. It is /was/will be the first/second/third time that It is the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film.7. It is up to sb. to do sth 应由某人做应由某人做 某事。某事。 It is

18、up to you to decide whether we start or not.1. 由由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，连接的并列成分指的是同一概念， 兼具身份或匹配出现。兼具身份或匹配出现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. (那个工人兼作家那个工人兼作家) (比较：比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家那位工人和那位作家) Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 2. 1) Every and (every)

19、2) each and (each 3)no and (no), 4) many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作连接两个单数名词作主语主语,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 Every desk and every chair is made of wood. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语，复数名词作主语， Each of the students has a book. 谓谓语用单数。语用单数。4. clothin

20、g, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的等无生命的集合集合 名词作主语。名词作主语。 Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 5. 以以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、 书籍、报刊等名称作主语。书籍、报刊等名称作主语。 6. 表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语， 表达一个整体概念时。表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years has passed since h

21、e left his hometown. 7. 由由any-,some-,no-和和-one,-thing,-body等所构成等所构成 的不定代词作主语。的不定代词作主语。 8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。 Collecting stamps is what he likes. Whatever was left was taken away. 9. 单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。 1. 由由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同 的概念。的概念。 Both bread and butte

22、r are sold out. 2. people , police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词等有生命的集体名词 作主语。作主语。 The police are looking for the missing child. 3. goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。等名词作主语。 4. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。结尾的专有名词作主语。 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 5. a number of /quantities of /a group

23、of +名词作主语。名词作主语。 1. 集体名词集体名词class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个个成员用复数。复数。 His family is a great one. His family are music lovers. 2. means, works, pains等词，根据主语表达的概等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。念而定。

24、The steel works is near the station. Two new steel works are being built. 3. 作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。定。 4. all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 5. 作主语作主语: 谓语动词要和谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。之后的名词单复数保持一致。 Not only he but also I

25、am invited. Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress. 置于主语后，谓语置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。保持一致。 The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short Ais，is Bare，are Cis，are Dare，is 此题应选此题应选 。family是一个集合名词，具有单是一个集合名词，具

26、有单数数(侧重指整体侧重指整体)和复数和复数(侧重指个体侧重指个体)两种可能。类两种可能。类似这种用法的词主要的有：似这种用法的词主要的有： team(队，队员队，队员)，class(班，班上的全体学生班，班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群人群)，government(政府政府)，crew(乘务乘务员员 ) ， c o m m i t t e e ( 委 员 会 ， 委 员 们委 员 会 ， 委 员 们 ) ，audience(听众听众)等：等： This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it 这个班这个班45个学生，由格林先生教

27、。个学生，由格林先生教。 This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。教。 It was late, but the audience was increasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。 The audience were all moved to tears.听众都感动得流了泪。听众都感动得流了泪。 The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。这个队在联赛中打得最好。 The

28、 football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。足球队队员们在洗澡。 但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法： 1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数不可数)：clothing 衣服，衣服，poetry 诗歌，诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，machinery 机械，机械，scenery 景色，景色，jewellery珠宝等。珠宝等。 2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式但不用复数形式)：people人

29、，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。We Chinese _ a hard-working people Ais Bare Cis being Dare being 此题应选此题应选 。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。 These two dictionaries are a present for my best frie

30、nd Jim The planets were the object of his study The most important thing I need is books The countrys leading export is watches The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies 但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种 可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体 的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数），的语境（多数情况是看其后面词语的单

31、复数），例如：例如： Who is your brother？谁是你的兄弟？谁是你的兄弟？ Who are your brothers？哪些是你的兄弟？哪些是你的兄弟？ What he said is quite correct他所说的完全正确。他所说的完全正确。 What he left me are only a few old books他给我他给我留下的只是几本旧书。留下的只是几本旧书。1. You or he _ to blame 你或他有一人要受责备。你或他有一人要受责备。 2. _ you or he to blame? 受责备的是你还是他？受责备的是你还是他？ A is ，Is

32、 Bare，Are Cis，Are D are，Is 在通常情况下，两个并列主语由在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，not onlybut（also）等连接时，其谓等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。主语）保持一致。 1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife