语法第11课Lecture16subjunctivemood

1、Lecture 16 Subjunctive MoodMood Mood: whether an utterance expresses a fact, a command or request, or a non-fact & hypothesis. Indicative Mood: a fact Imperative Mood: a command or request Subjunctive Mood: a non-fact & hypothesis Were-subjunctive Be-subjunctiveWere-subjunctive has only one form , w

2、hich applies to subjects of all persons. Hypothetical or unreal in meaning.Be-subjunctive is realized by the base form of the verb regardless of the person of the subject.一、虚拟语气 虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示： 1、 2、 3. 说话人的 4. 特殊的词、短语、句型 5. 错综时间条件句条件状语从句其他从句（主、宾、同位语、表语）1. 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 表示非真实条件

3、，即的假设，包括： 1.的假设 2.的假设 3.的假设（将来不可能发生或虽有可能发生但说话人主观上不希望发生的假设）。1. 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气条件从句主句违背现在did/wereshould/would/could/might + do违背过去had doneshould/would/could/might + have done违背将来should do/were to do/ didshould/would/could/might + do If he were here, I would explain to him myself. If you had brought a map

4、 with you, you wouldnt have got lost. If he should refuse to appear in court, he might be held guilty.特殊的条件状语从句, there no wind or clouds., we the work better., we earlier. 如果条件从句的谓语包含有had, should或were,有时if可以省略；这时，had, should 或were要移到主语前面，形成倒装。 he not ill, he . I it, I it in a different way. it tomor

5、row, what we ?2. 其他从句中的虚拟语气 在表示以及表示等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“”或“”构成。2. 其他从句中的虚拟语气 It is necessary/ imperative/ important/ essential/ advisable/ better/ ordered/ proposed/ desired/ requested/ suggested/ recommended/ demanded/ decided/ arranged that It is desired that we everything ready

6、before Friday.2. 其他从句中的虚拟语气suggest, insist, recommend, order, propose, require, request, command, demand He commanded that we the enemy at once.2. 其他从句中的虚拟语气 suggestion, proposal, order, instruction, advice, motion He gave the order that the results of the experiment rechecked.3. 主观愿望 wish, would ra

7、ther (sooner), if only, as if, as though后用虚拟语气，表示未实现的主观愿望。 I wish I were a bit slimmer. I wish I hadnt eaten so much last night. I wish you would listen to my advice.动词形式用法过去式表示当时未实现的愿望过去完成式表示过去未实现的愿望过去将来式表示将来不大可能实现的愿望4. 特殊的词、短语、句型 4.1 much as: 尽管、虽然 从句用would have done表示假设，可以使说话人语气变得十分委婉、真诚。 Much as

8、 _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash. (99) A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to4. 特殊的词、短语、句型 4.2 lest, for fear that 从句常用should do，should 可以省略。 The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest

9、 he _ himself. A injure B had injured C injured D would injure4. 特殊的词、短语、句型 4.3 It is high/about time that + 过去式 It is the first time sb. has/have done sth.4. 特殊的词、短语、句型 4.4 公式化语句 Long live the Peoples Republic of China! God bless you!/ God damn you!/ Heaven forbid!/ Devil take him! So be it. Suffic

10、e it to say that. Far be it from me to spoil the fun. He will remain here if need be. Home is home, be it ever so homely. He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.5.错综时间条件句 主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，动词形式根据实际情况调整。 Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be

11、 so thriving. （主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反） Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. （主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反） C.f. If he were here, I would explain to him myself. If you had brought a map with you, you wouldnt have got lost. If he should refuse to appear in court, he

12、 might be held guilty.真题演练1 If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ mush easier to learn.A could have been B would be C will be D would have been2 Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now.A would be getting B could have got C must get D would get3 _ if I had a

13、rrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised4 If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.A would be B will have been C was D were5 _

14、 you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had真题演练6. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A werent B hasnt been C hadnt been D wouldnt be7 _ for the fact that

15、she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not8 If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.A shall need B should need C would need D will need9 If only the patient _ a different treatment

16、 instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A had received B received C should receive D were receiving10 If only I _ play the guitar as well as you!A would B could C should D might真题演练11 He would have finished his college education, but he _ to quit and find a job to support his

17、family.A had had B has C had D would have12 What courses are you going to do next semester? I dont know. But its about time _ on something.A Id decide B I decided C I decide D Im deciding13 If you have already been studying English for so long. Its about time you _ able to write letters in English.A

18、 should be B were C must be D are14 That was not the first time he _ us. I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.A betrayed.take B had betrayed.took C has betrayed.took D has betrayed.take15 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop真题演练 16 It is imperative that the government _