单词巩固、语法讲练(状语从句)及综合提升11

1、 中考语法之状语从句复习Step 1.单词听写Step2.语法讲练一复合句复合句可以分为三大类： 名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性从句：定语从句 副词性从句：状语从句 状语从句属于复合句，是中考的考点。状语从句中常考的是时间状语从句和条件状语从句。二状语从句状语从句分九类：从句种类主要从属连词 1时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 2条件状语从句 if, unless 3目的状语从句 in order that, so that 4结果状语从句 sothat, suchthat,

2、 so that, so 5原因状语从句 because, as, since 6让步状语从句 although, though, even though(if), while 7方式状语从句 as if, as though 8地点状语从句 where, wherever 9比较状语从句 than, as三状语从句详细讲解时间状语从句3.1时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when(当的时候)，while（当的时候），as(当的时候)，once( 一旦)，till( until)（一直到，直到才），by the time(到时)，as soon as（一就）the

3、 moment(一就)since(自从 )before(在前)after(左后)3.2when，while，as均可表示“当的时候”。 when强调“特定时间”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前；while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点，as多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”，有时还有“随着”的含义。 Ill go on with the work whencome back tomorrow我明天回来后会继续做我的工作。 When spring came, he felt like a trip.春天来了，他想去旅游。 When

4、 he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.(强调吃饭的时候）。 While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.（强调吃饭的过程中） While I was studying, you fell asleep.当我学习的时候，你睡着了。 Just as he was speaking, there was a loud explosion.正当他要说话时，传来很大的爆炸声。 As I was going out, it began to rain.

5、（强调两个动作先后发生） As spring warms the good earth，all flowers begin to bloom(as有“随着”的含义)3.3tilluntil，表示“一直到”，主从句都用肯定式；表示“直到才”，主句否定，从句肯定。 He worked until it was dark. 他一直工作到天黑。 He did not get up till his mother came in. 一直到母亲进来他才起床。3.4once“一旦”，by the time“到时”。 Once you see her, you will find what I said is

6、 true. 一旦你见到她就会发现我说的是对的。 Once (it is）published, this book will be very popular. 一旦出版，这本书会大受欢迎。 by the time+现在时，主句用将来完成时。 By the time he arrives, we will already have left here. 等他到达时，我们将已离开这儿了。 by the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。 By the time he arrived, we had already left here.他到达的时候我们早已离开这儿了。3.5as soon as

7、，the moment表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常译为“一就”。 As soon as I finish the work, Ill go to see you. 我一完成工作就会来看你。 I shall come as soon as Ive finished my supper. 我一吃完晚饭就来。 She came to the scene the moment she heard the news.她一听到消息就来到现场。3.6since“自从”， before“在前”，after“在后”，It was not long before意为“不久”。 since引导从句用非

8、延续性动词或“过去时间点”或“过去时间段+ago”，主句用完成时态。 Since he graduated, he has worked in this city. 他毕业后一直在这个城市工作。 I havent seen him since last year/ three years ago. 去年以来/3年来，我没见过他。 He handed in his paper before the bell rang. 他在铃响前交了卷子。 It was not long before he came back. 不久他就回来了。 I wrote back to him three days a

9、fter I got his letter. 我接到他信3天后就给他回信了。选出最佳答案1) he was listening to the music, John fell asleep.A. AfterB. BeforeC. While D. As soon as-2)How did you try to get to school on timeyou missed the school bus.A. whenB. howC. whyD. that3)He was riding to schoolhe was hit by a car this morning.A whileB. whe

10、nC. asD. so4)Lucy knew nothing about ither sister told her.A. becauseB. untilC. ifD. since5)The policeman asked the childcross the streetthe traffic lights turned green.A. not; whenB. dont; beforeC. not to; untilD. not to; since6) The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours he re

11、alized it.A. whenB. after C. untilD. before7) we had seen all the animals, we went home.A. ThenB. AfterC. ThoughD. While8)She has made many friendsshe came to our school.A. beforeB. afterC. sinceD. until9) How long has the weather been like this?A. Until last nightB. Ever since last nightC. Two days

12、 agoD. Two days later10)My uncle went to Australia last year. We havent seen him .A. since almost a yearB. from almost a year onC. after almost a yearD. since almost a year ago11)He was so tired that he fell asleephe went to bed.A. as ifB. even thoughC. ever since D. as soon as12)I knew nothing abou

13、t the accidentmy friend told me yesterday.A. becauseB. sinceC. untilD. after13)I didnt manage to do ityou had explained how.A. untilB. sinceC. whileD. after【Keys】1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B 8) C 9) B 10) D 11) D 12) C 13) A条件状语从句【经典剖析】1条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。引导条件状语从句的连词有： if 如果；unless除非，如果不；on condi

14、tion that条件是；as long as只要 2表示正面的条件用if“如果”。 If you dont look after young trees, they will die very quickly. 如果你不好好照看小树苗，它们就会很快死去。 If the museum charges for entry, a lot of people wont be able to visit it. 如果进入博物馆要收费，许多人就参观不成了。3表示否定的条件用unless( =if.not)“除非，如果不”。 I shall not go to the cinema unless I fi

15、nish my homework before eight. 我不会去看电影，除非我能在8点前完成作业。 说明：ifnot常可以用unless替代。 If you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam. You will fail in the exam unless you study hard.4表示使某事成为现实必要的条件用on condition that“条件是”，as long as 只要”。 You may go swimming on condition that you dont swim too far away from t

16、he river bank.你可以去游泳，条件是你不能游得离河岸太远。 As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed. 只要你继续尝试就一定能成功。 因此，我们不能说： As long as you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam.5祈使结构表条件。 前半部分的祈使结构相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分的简单句常用一般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构。1) 祈使句( , ) +and/then+简单句 if 从句(否定式)+主句 Give

17、 me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth.（如果）给我一个支点，我便能掀动地球。 =If you give me somewhere to stand, I will move the earth. One more word, and Ill turn you out. 你再多说一句，我就把你赶出去。 =If you speak one more word, I will turn you out. Use your head, then youll find a way. 动动脑子你就能找到办法。 =If you use your

18、head, youll find a way.2) 祈使句（,）+or+简单句 if 从句(否定式)+主语 Work even harder, or you will never pass the exam. 如果不加倍努力，你就永远无法通过考试。 = If you dont work harder, you will never pass the exam.Stop telling lies, or you will be punished. 如果你继续说谎，就会受到惩罚。 = If you dont stop telling lies, you will be punished.选择最佳答

19、案填空1) Would you like to go to the park with me, Susan? Id like to, you dont want to go alone.A. untilB. beforeC. ifD. after2)Tomorrow well go to the city parkit is sunny.A. as soon asB. whenC. ifD. as3)All of us will be happyyou can come with us.A. whileB. ifC. butD. or4)Nobody can learn English wel

20、lyou work hard on it.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. but5)The sports meet will continue it rains this afternoon.A. ifB. sinceC. as soon asD. unless【Keys】1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D原因状语从句和地点状语从句1 原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有： because, for, since, as, now that 1) because意为“因为”，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强。He is absent

21、today because he is ill. 他今天缺席，因为他病了。I didnt go out because I was busy with homework. 我没有出去，因为我忙于家庭作业。有时，可用because of后接名词或代词表示原因，此时because of=for(介词)。We wont be able to come because of the weather. 由于天气的原因，我们来不了。She was looking all the better for her stay in hospital. 她因为待在医院，显得好多了。2) for意为“因为”，引导的从

22、句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从句对主句加以解释。I didnt go to see him, for a heavy snow was falling. 我没有去看他，因为在下大雪。The days were short, for it was now December. 白天短了，因为现在已经是十二月了。We must begin planning now, for the future may bring unexpected changes.我们必须现在就开始筹划，因为将来可能会发生意想不到的变化。有时，f

23、or引起的从句并不表示原因，而是表示一种推断或解释，而because则不能。Someone in the house must be ill, for a doctor has just come out.房子里一定有人病了，因为有个医生刚刚出来。3) since意为“既然”、“由于”，一般表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成事实的理由(如果从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用since，通常用because)。Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你要走，我也走了。Since you are ill, Ill go alone. 由于你病了，我就一个人走

24、了。4) as意为“由于”，表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park. 由于正在下雪，我们就不去公园了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake. 他必须道歉，因为他知道他错了。由as表示的原因语势最弱，常用于口语。5) now that意为“既然”，有时可将that省去，含义与since接近。区别在于：since表示原先已存在的情况，而now that表示现在才发生的情况。Now that it has stoppe

25、d raining, lets start at once. 既然现在雨停了，咱们马上开始吧！Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 既然来了，你最好还是待在这儿。2地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词有： where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere Put it where you can see it. 把它放在你看得见的地方。 Ill find him, wherever he is. 不管他在哪里我都要找到他。 You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来

26、的地方。 Wherever you go, you should do your work well. 不论你到哪里都要把工作做好。 You cant camp anywhere/where/ wherever you like.你不能想在哪里安营就在哪里安营。选择最佳答案1) I hope to go to France some daythere are many famous museums there.A. thoughB. unlessC. becauseD. where2) Would you like to go to the concert with me? Id love t

27、o, I cant. I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; Because B. but; BecauseC. so; AndD. and; so3)Jim has been in the factory for two years_ he left school.A. whenB. sinceC. as soon asD. whether4)Jack was very tiredhe played tennis all afternoon.A. ifB. as soon asC. becauseD. before5)Youd better come b

28、ack earlierit is getting colder.A. asB. andC. butD. or6)Jane wore a raincoatit was raining.A. soB. butC. howeverD. because7)The Italian boy was regarded as a herohe gave his life for his country.A. according toB. because ofC. on account ofD. because【Keys】1) C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) D让步状语从句 1引导让

29、步状语从句的连词有： although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not), 用no matter十wh-/how 引导 2althoughthough“虽然”。 Although I didnt know anybody at the party, I had a very good time. 虽然晚会上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。 注意“althoughbut”是个典型的错误，因为but是并列连词，不能与从属连词although连用。但是，although可与yet，still连用，因为yet，still是副词，它可使

30、前后关系更明确。3while意为“然而”。1) while用于对照，说明两种情况相反，意为“然而，但是”。 Tom is very outgoing, while Jane is shy and quiet.汤姆性格外向，而简却腼腆安静。 While I was reading, he was playing. 我在读书，而他在玩。2) while意为“虽然，尽管”，同although，此时从句和主句的主语往往为同一人或物。 While she liked cats。she never let them come into her room虽然她喜欢猫，但她从不让猫进她的房间。4even if

31、 “即使”（if后陈述的是假设）；even though“尽管”（though后陈述的是事实）。 Im going to apply for the job, even if it pays very little. 即使报酬不高，我也要去申请那份工作。 He is an honest man, I say, even though I have opposed him. 我说他是个诚实的人，尽管我反对过他。5whether(or not)“无论是或是”. Whether it rains or not, I shall go out for an outing. 无论是否下雨，我都要外出游玩

32、。 Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best. 无论胜败，我们都会尽最大努力。 注意 whether作“无论”解，用现在时表将来；whether作“是否”解时则不能。 Theyll go out whether it rains or not tomorrow. 无论明天是否下雨，他们都要出去。 Can you tell me whether it will rain or not tomorrow? 你能告诉我明天是否下雨吗？6用no matter+ wh-how的词引导，意为“无论”。no matter who无论谁，no ma

33、tter which无论哪一，no matter what无论什么,no matter when无论何时，no matter where无论哪里，no matter how无论怎样No matter who you are, you must obey the law. 无论你是谁，你都应当遵纪守法。 No matter where you are, you must remember you are a League member. 无论你在哪里，你都应当记住你是一个团员。 It has the same result no matter which way you do it. 无论用什么

34、方法来做，结果都一样。 No matter what happens, well never lose heart.不管发生什么，我们永远不会灰心。 You can always find him working at the desk no matter when you go to see him. 无论什么时候你去看他，总会发现他坐在桌边工作。 No matter how cold it is, she often goes swimming.无论有多冷，她总是常去游泳。选择最佳答案填空1) hes old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Th

35、oughB. SinceC. ForD. So2) How do you like the concert given by the Foxy Ladies?Exciting, one piece of the music wasnt played quite well.A. soB. thoughC. becauseD. and3) Shall we go on working?Yes, I prefer to have a rest.A. whenB. ifC. because D. though4)Doctor Li went to see the patientit was raini

36、ng heavily.A. becauseB. andC. since D. though5) This dress was last years style.I think it still looks perfectit has gone out this year.A. so thatB. even thoughC. as if D. ever since6)No matterbusy he is, he wont give up his hobby.A. whereB. howC. what D. who7)I never seem to lose any weight, hard I

37、 try.A. even though B. no matter how C. as if D. ever since8)No matteryou come, you are welcome.A. howB. whereC. when D. what9)Though its raining, are still working in the fields.A. theyB. but theyC. and theyD. so they10)Nobody believed himwhat he said.A. even though B. in spiteC. no matter D. contr

38、ary to11) what may happen, I wont change my mind.A. Even ifB. AlthoughC. Perhaps D. No matter【Keys】2.1) A 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) B 6) B 7)B 8) C 9) A 10) C 11) D目的、结果、比较状语从句【经典剖析】1引导目的状语从句的连词有： in order that目的是为了，so that，以便 以in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句谓语通常用may，might加动词构成，也可用can/ could或willwould加动词构成。

39、He works hard in order that he can serve his country well. 他努力工作，目的是为了能更好地为国家服务。 They started early so that they might arrive in time. 他们很早出发，以便按时到达。 注意“for+动名词”不用于表目的，但“for+名词”可用于表目的。 Write it in simple English to make(不能用for making) everybody understand. 为了能让每个人都理解，请用简单的英语写。 Better get up early fo

40、r the early train. 为了能赶上早班火车，请早一点起床。2引导结果状语从句的词： so that以致，sothat如此以致，suchthat如此以致 He made a wrong decision, so that half of his property was lost. 他做了个错误的决定，以至于他丢失了一半的财产。 The box is so heavy that nobody can move it. 这个箱子是如此重，（以至于）无人能移动它。 It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it. 这个箱子如此重，（以至于）

41、无人能移动它。 注意so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，其区别在于：引导结果状语从句时通常用逗号同主句分开。3引导比较状语从句的词有： than比，asas“像一样”，not soas“不像一样”，the morethe more“越越” I know you better than he does. 我比他更了解你。 We walked as fast as we could. 我们尽可能地快步行走。 The work is not so easy as you thought. 这工作没有你想的那么简单。 Nothing is so precious as healt

42、h没有什么能像健康一样珍贵。 The harder you study, the greater progress you will make. 你越努力学习，进步就越大。针对性练习1根据所给汉语，完成下列句子（每个空格填入一个英语单词）：1)为了能准时到他很早动身。He left early he might arrive on time.2)我来把这件衬衫洗了，你明天能穿。 Ill wash this shirt you can wear tomorrow.3)他气得说不出话来。She was angry she couldnt speak 4)杰克有那么多朋友，他记不全他们的名字了。Ja

43、ck has many friends he cant remember all of their names.5)他走得那么急，书也忘了拿。He left in a hurry he forgot to bring his books.2选择最佳答案填空：1)Ill leave him a notehell know where we are.A. so thatB. so asC. in orderD. for2)The question wasdifficult that nobody could answer.A. very; themB. very; itC. so; themD.

44、so; it3)Mike isboy that we all like him.A. a good soB. so good aC. a such goodD. such good a4)They werebusy studyingthey couldnt go to the restaurant with us.A. so; thatB. such; asC. very; thatD. enough; as5)It wasthat he had to ask for help.A. so difficult workB. so difficult a workC. such a diffic

45、ult workD. such a difficult job6)He started earlyhe could get there before nine.A. in order thatB. becauseC. so as toD. in order to7)Robert is good at languages,we all know.A. becauseB. forC. asD. since8)It looksits going to rain.A. thatB. asC. as ifD. that【Keys】1.1) in order that 2) so that 3) so.

46、that 4) so. that 5) such. that 2.1)A 2) D 3) B 4) A 5) D 6) A 7) C 8) C综合训练I. Choose the best answer.1. we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.A. WhateverB. HoweverC. WheneverD. Whichever2.Hard-working though he was, there was never enough money to pay the bills.A. /

47、B. andC. butD. therefore3.Much hardhe tried, he flailed to catch up with the first runner.A. althoughB. asC. whileD. when4.I got in touch with CharlesI received his letter.A. when immediatelyB. soonC. immediatelyD. suddenly5.We were justcalling you upyou came in.A. about; whenB. on the point of; whi

48、leC. on the point of; whenD. on the point of; as6.Most of his great novels and plays were not published or known to the public his tragic (悲剧) death in 1786.A. even beforeB. ever sinceC. until afterD. until before7.Mr. Saddam Hussein had to go with the American soldiers,.A. no matter he likes or not

49、B. no matter he should like it or notC. no matter whether he likes or notD. no matter he may like it or not8. , I have to put it away and focus (集中) my attention on study this week.A. However the story is amusingB. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the sto

50、ry is amusing9.Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food.A. ifB. whileC. unlessD. as10. he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way.A. AlthoughB. UnlessC. BecauseD. When11.Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours, an

51、d they sleep less they grow older.A. whileB. asC. whenD. after12.I have been keeping the portraitI can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.A. sinceB. whereC. asD. if13. your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checkedB. CheckC. If you

52、 checkD. To check14.I would never speak to someone like that they said something unpleasant to me.A. even ifB. so thatC. as ifD. ever since15.- Did you remember to return the book to our English teacher?- Yes. I gave it to himI saw him.A. once B. whileC. if D. the moment16. A warning news report fro

53、m Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are they leave the Arab world forever.A. even thoughB. in caseC. wheneverD. until17.May I go now?youve finished your work, you may go.A. AfterB. AlthoughC. Now thatD. As soon as18.I live there are plenty of sheep. said the boy pride.A. Where; withB. When; inC. That; inD. Why; with19.He seemed to have been asleep, so I said noth