高三英语外研一轮课件：语法部分-专题十四特殊句式Word含解析

1、WY英语（语法部分）专题十四特殊句式SHUO JI CHU课前预习读教材考/点/梳/理必备清单倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。如果 将谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前，就叫“倒装结 构”。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫“全部倒装”；如果 只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，就叫“部分倒装”。一、完全倒装用法为了使某种情景表达得生 动形象，以in，out, up, down, away, off, over ,next, back等副词作状 语并置于句首，谓语动词 是come, go, rush, run 等不及物动词，主语是名 词时句子用完全倒装；若 主语为人称代词，则用陈例句O

2、ut rushed the students the moment the bell rang. 铃一响学生们就冲了岀去oUp jumped the cat and caught the mouse.猫跳上 去抓住了老鼠。述语序。代词,则用陈述语序。以there, here, now, then 开头的句子及There/Here be(exist, etc.).表“存 在”的句子，主语是名词时 用完全倒装；若主语为人称There goes the bell and class is over铃响 了,下 课了。Now comes your turn现 在轮到你了。表示“地点”的词语置于句 首或

3、强调“地点”概念同时 主语是名词时用完全倒装。Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.在两座 大楼之间有棵大树。此时应特别注意主谓一致问1=On the ground lay a sick题，句中谓语动词常为Sit, stand9 lie等不及物动词。goat地上躺着一只生病的山羊。“作表语的现在分词/过去 分词/形容词+系动词+注 语”结构须用完全倒装。Gone are the days when women were looked down upon妇女受歧视的年代一去 不复返了。Present at the meeting was Mr

4、Liu, who taught us English刘老师出席了会议， 他教我们英语。二、部分倒装1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并置于句首时,引起主句部分倒装。was he able to getOnly when the war was over in 191：happily back to work.直到1918年战争结束后，他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。注意only修饰的状语，如不位于句首，则不用倒 装。The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle.只有经过艰苦的奋斗，才能达到目标。 only修饰状语从句时，从句不可

5、倒装。Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(X)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.( J) only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。Only can he answer the question.( X)Only he can answer the question.( V) 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助 动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。Only after the war learned he the sad news(X)Only after the war

6、 did he learn the sad news.( V)2. 具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配置于句首时，需用部分倒装。常见的否定或半否定的副词有：never, seldom,little（少），hardly, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, not 等。Never before has the city been in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.这个城市以前从来没有像今天这样需要现代化的公共交通设施。（2）常见的否定的介词短语有：at no

7、time（从来没有），byno means（决不），in no way（决不），in no case（决不），under no circumstances（在任何情况下都不）等。By no means will this method be effective.这种方法绝对没有效。Under no circumstances can we do something that cando bad to our school.在任何情况下我们都决不做有损于学校利益的事。(3)常见的否定连词有：not only.but also,no sooner.than., hardly.when., scar

8、cely.when., not until 等。Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.我们不仅不应该害怕困难，还应该尽全力克服它们。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才意识到自己浪费了多少时间。3. as引导的让步状语从句用倒装。表语的倒装。Tired as he was, he kept on working.虽然很累

9、，但他仍继续工作。(2)谓语动词的倒装。Try as he might/did, he didnt pass the exam.尽管很用功，他考试还是不及格。(3)状语的倒装。Much as I travel, Ive never found a more beautifulplace.虽然我经常旅行，但我从未发现更漂亮的地方。注意 以上as倒装结构也适用于though, as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装，though可以倒装也可以不倒装, 但although不能用于倒装句。Although I studied hard, I could not catch up with them.( V)

10、Hard although I studied, I could not catch up with them.( X)Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.( V)As I studied hard, I could not catch up with them.(X)Hard though I studied, I could not catch up with them.( V)Though I studied hard, I could not catch up withthem.( V)虽然我努力学习，但我赶不上他们。4.

11、 频度状语 often, always, once, many a time, now andagain9 every other d町等；方式状语thus；程序状语so；地点状语in the distance, in front of等位于句首时，需要部分倒装。Many a time has he helped me with my computer.他多次帮我修理电脑。So fast does light travel that we cant imagine its speed.光传播得这么快，我们无法想象它的速度。5. if引导的虚拟条件句，若含有were, should,助动词 ha

12、d,就可出现省略.倒装情况。（详见虚拟语气）必备清单应J 强调一、对谓语动词的强调 强调谓语动词时，用“do/does/did+动词原形”来表示,意为“确实，一定，肯定”。Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时一定要当心。The train does move.火车真的在动。They did come to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you.他们昨天的确来看过你，但没见到你。二、It强调句型1. It强调句型的基本形式It强调句型最基本的句式结构为:It be+被强调部分+that/who/who

13、m+句子;被强调部分是除谓语之外的其他句子 成分，可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句；强调人时，可用 who或whom（只能用于强调宾语）。It is I who/that am right.（强调主语） 我才是对的。It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate（强 调宾语）我们在学校门口遇到的是他。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work（强调状语）她之所以没来上班，是因为她母亲病了。2.对notimtil结构的强调对not.until结构中由until引导的短语

14、或从句进行强调时，需用It be not untiLe.that这一固定句型。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until/till shetook off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that Irealized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的影星。注意 上面句型可以改成not until的倒装句型。Not until she took off her dark glasses d

15、id I realize she was a famous film star.not until句型要么用强调句型，要么用倒装句型，不能既强调又倒装。He didnt realize the importance of knowledge until it was too late.( J)Not until it was too late did he realize the importance of knowledge V)It was not until it was too late that he realized the importance of knowledge V)It

16、 was not until it was too late did he realize the importance of knowledge X)直到太迟了他才意识到知识的重要性。不管是倒装句还是强调句,until后的名词或从句一律保持不变3.强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句(1)强调句的一般疑问句的基本句型为：Be+it+被强调部分+that/who/whom+句子其他成分Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大战是在一九三九年爆发的吗?Is it Professor Wang who teaches you En

17、glish? 教你们英语的是王教授吗？(2)强调句的特殊疑问句的基本句型为：特殊疑问词+be+it+that/who/whom+句子其他成分What is it that you want me to do?你到底想让我做什么？When and where was it that you were born?你是在什么时候、什么地方出生的？注意 强调句的特殊疑问句用于名词性从句中，要用陈述语序。I have no idea when it was that I lost my wallet. 我不知道我到底是什么时候丢的钱包。4.含有情态动词的强调句的疑问句结构(1) 一般疑问句的基本强调句型

18、为：情态动词或助动词+ it+be+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分Might she leave her keys in the office?也许她把钥匙丢在办公室了？Might it be in the office that she left her keys?也许她把钥匙丢在办公室了？(2)特殊疑问句的基本强调句型为：特殊疑问词+情态动 词或助动词+it+be+that+主语+句子其他成分Where might the accident happen?这起事故可能在哪儿发生的？Where might it be that the accident happened?可能是在什么地方

19、发生这起事故的？5. 强调句型应注意的问题（1）谓语动词人称和数的一致性。在强调句中，如果强调的是句子的主语，其后谓语动词应和被强调部分的人称和数保持一致。It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.是玛丽和汤姆经常做好事。（强调的是句子的主语Maryand Tom,故其谓语动词用do,与其保持一致）It is I who am going to Nanjing next week.是我下周要去南京。（强调的是句子的主语L故其后用am与主语保持一致）（2）强调时间、地点、原因、方式状语时，一律用that, 不用 when, where, why, ho

20、woIt was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.大约600年前，第一个带有钟面和时针的钟表面世了。（强 调的是句子的时间状语about 600 years ago,用that不用 when）It was because he was ill that he was absent.他缺席是因为他病了。（强调的是句子的原因状语 because he was ill,用 that 不用 why）(3)强调句型的反意疑问句,其问句部分用isdt/wasiTt it。It wa

21、s yesterday that he met Li Ping, wasnt it?他是昨天遇见李平的，对吗？(4)当原因状语从句由as, since等引导时，强调原因状 语应改as, since为because,即只能强调由because引导的 原因状语从句。As he didnft know much about English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.It was because he didnt know much about English that he looked up the word in the dictionar

22、y.因为他英语懂得不多，所以他在字典中查这个单词。必备清单越省略、介词的省略1-介词in的省略在一些固定短语或句型中介词in通常可省略。如:in this/that way, in the same way, in another way, waste/spend some time/money (in) doing sth(浪费滋费时间/ 金钱干某事)，have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a good time/fun (in) doing $血(干某事有困难/乐趣)There is no sense/point (in) doing sth(干某事没意义

23、)2.介词from的省略在 prevent/stop.(from) doing sth.(阻止做某事),save.(from) doing sth(免去做某事)等结构中的介词firom通常可以省略，但在被动语态中from通常不省略。If I can stop them (from) going there, Ill do it.要是我能够阻止他们去那里，我会这样做的。If you do it tonight, it will save you (from) having to get up early.如果你今晚做这事，明天早上你就不必早起了。二、并列句的省略1. 如果后面的分句中有与前面相同

24、的部分，常可省略后 面分句中的相同部分。Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽一直在写作业。2. 有时并列句中省略前一分句中的一部分内容，需联系 后一分句才能理解句子的含义。Mr Wang can (finish the work on time) and Mr Wang ought to flnish the work on time.王先生能按时完成工作，他也应当按时完成工作。三、主从复合句的省略1. 状语从句的省略用法例句在when, w

25、hile, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whethei等 引导的状语从句中，若谓 语有be,而主语又跟主句 主语相同或是it时，则从 句的主语和be常被一起省 略。His opinion, whether(it is)right or wrong, would be considered.他 的意见，无论对错，都 要考虑。Errors, if(there are)any ,should be corrected.如 果有什么错误，就应当 改正。在as, than, however, whatever, n

26、o matter what等引导的从句中常 省略某些成分。I must get it done whatever the cost （m町be）.无论代价 如何，我也要把这件事情办 好。I can only do it the way as(I was)told to(do it that way) 我只能按照你的吩咐去做。注意 以下是已被看成约定俗成的省略结构，为考査重点:if so, “如果是这样的话；if not, “如果不的话”；if ever,“如果曾经有的话”if necessary,如果有必要的话” ；How come?怎么会这样呢？ ” What if.?倘若会怎么样？ ” H

27、ow/What about. ?“怎么样？ ” So what? “那又怎么样呢？ ”2. 定语从句的省略在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that 可省略。The girl(who/whom/that)the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.跟老师说话的那个女孩是刘英。(2)先行词为way且在定语从句中作状语时，用that/in which引导定语从句，亦可都省略；当先行词是time, reason, place时，作状语的关系副词when, why, where也可以省略。I dont like the way(that/in whi

28、ch)you treat your mother. 我不喜欢你对待你妈妈的方式。必备清单祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句3. 宾语从句的省略由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句, 可全部或部分省略。He will come back, but he doesnt know when (he will come back).他是要回来的，可是他不知道什么时候回来。、祈使句1.祈使句的否定式和强调式(1)祈使句的否定式是在整个结构前加doift或neveroNever comelate绝不要迟到oPlease dont forget to take your medic

29、ine. 请别忘了吃药。注意 以let开头的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Jefs 或 let us/me 后加 not。Lets not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论此事了！(2)祈使句的强调式是在整个结构之前加dooDo give my regards to your parents!务必/ 一定代我向你父母问好！2.祈使句表假设的情况祈使句常用于固定句式祈使句+and/oi/otherwise 般将来时陈述句”，若前后表顺承关系，用and；若前后表 转折关系，用01或otherwise,祈使句则相当于一个条件状 语从句。(1)祈使句+and

30、+陈述句=名词短语+and+陈述句=if 条件状语从句+主句Have a little patience and wefll look into it soon.=Just a little patience and wefll look into it soon.=If you have a little patience, well look into it soon.耐心点，我们很快就会调查此事的。(2)祈使句+or+陈述句=ifnot+主句 Work harder, or youll fail.=If you dont work harder, youll fail.工作努力点，要不然

31、你就会失败。感叹句表示强烈情绪（喜、怒、哀、叹句，通常由what或how引导。乐、惊、恐等）的句子叫感1.基本形式What+(a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语!What a clever boy he is!多么聪明的男孩啊！What terrible noise they are making!他们弄出多难听的声音啊！What wonderful ideas you have!你们的想法真不错！How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语How difficult a problem it is!它可真是个难题!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How clever the bo

32、y is!多么聪明的男孩啊2.其他形式的感叹句 (l)how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语!How (much) we love our motherland! 我们多么热爱自己的祖国啊！(2)常见的其他形式How can you be so silly!你怎么这么傻！The designs and the colours!多美的图案和色彩!To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那样一套衣服卖给了一个百万富翁！Could one have believed it!谁能相信这个！If only Id known!我早知道就好了 ！三

33、、反意疑问句反意疑问句又可叫做附加疑问句，由“陈述句+反意问 句”构成。反意问句的动词总是助动词、情态动词或be动词 的某种形式，反意问句的主语用代词充当。基本原则是“前 否后肯，前肯后否”。1.陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句陈述句部分谓语动词含有must时，must如表示必须”，反意问句用mustnl,如表示“必要”,则用needift； 如mustift表示不允许，禁止”，其反意问句部分用must 或 may。You must get to school at 8 a. m，mustnt you?你必须早上八点到学校，是吗?We must start working right now,

34、 neednt we?我们立即开始工作了，是吗？You mustnl smoke here, must/may you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧?当must表示推测，作一定，准是”讲时，反意问 句部分根据must后的谓语动词形式及含义采用相应的动词 形式。You must be tired, arent you?你一定很累，是吗？He must have done it last night, didnt he?他一定是昨天晚上做的，是吗？Tom must have been to Shanghai before, hasnt he?汤姆以前去过上海，是吗？2.陈述部分含有used to和oug

35、ht to的反意疑问句陈述部分谓语动词是used to时，用didn*t或usednt 两种方式反问。He used to go swimming in summer, didnt/usednt he?他过去常常在夏天游泳，是吗？(2)陈述部分谓语动词是ought to时，用oughtnl或 shouldnt 反问。He ought to be praised for what he has done, oughtnf t/shouldnf t he?他应该为他所做的一切而受到表扬，是吗？3. 当陈述部分有 neither, none, nobody, nothing, few, little

36、, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义或半否定意义的副 词时，反意问句应用肯定形式。Nobody understood his speech, did they?没有人听懂他的演讲，是吗?His sister seldom argues with people, does she? 他姐姐很少和人争论，是吗？注意 陈述部分出现含有否定意义的前缀或后缀的词时，反意问句仍用否定结构。He is unfit for his job, isnt he?他不适合这份工作，对吗？You dislike playing computer games, dont you?你不喜欢玩电脑游戏，

37、是吗？4. 含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语与助动词 应和主句保持一致。He never said she would come, did he?他从未说过她要来，是吗？注意 当陈述部分谓语动词是think, believe,suppose, expect, imagine且主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致, 且应注意否定转移；但如果主语不是第一人称，反意问句则 与主句保持一致。I dont believe he will succeed, will he?我认为他不会成功，他会吗？We think they have

38、 finished their homework, havent they?我们认为他们已完成了家庭作业，不是吗？Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesnt she?玛丽认为你将来参加聚会，是吗？We forgot to bring our will you?并列句的反意疑问句则根据最接近的分句来完成。tickets, but please let us enter,我们忘了带票，请让我们进去，可以吗?5.陈述部分谓语动词是dare, need时，如果作情态动 词，用dare, need本身反问；如果作实义动词，则用do的 适当形式反问。You

39、 darent climb the rock, dare you?你不敢爬上这块石头，是吗?The little girl doesnt dare to go alone at night, does she?小女孩不敢走夜路，是吗？We need to help them, dont we?我们需要帮助他们，是吗？6.陈述部分谓语动词have作“有”解时，可用donl 或haven 1反问；作其他意义解释时用do的某种形式反问。He hasnt any sisters, does/has he?他没有姐妹，是吗?They have to receive strict training bef

40、orehand, dont they?他们不得不事先接受严格的训练，是吗？7.感叹句的反意疑问句陈述部分是感叹句时，一律用be或助动词的否定形式反 问。What a naughty boy he is, isnt he?多调皮的男孩啊，不是吗？How hard she works, doesnl she?她工作多么勤奋，不是吗？.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句的构成，必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其反意部分，有四种形式。(1)祈使句的肯定形式，其反意问句表示“请求”时,常用will you；表示邀请，劝说时，用won! youoBe sure to write to us, wil

41、l you?一定要给我们写信，好吗？俵示“请求”）Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚跟我们一起吃饭，好吗？（表示“邀请”）Try to be back by two,wont you?设法两点之前回来，好吗？（表示“劝说”）成。(2)祈使句的否定形式，其反意问句通常只用will you构Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?请不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？以let开头的祈使句，构成反意问句时，除lets用shall we构成外，其他均用will youoLet the boy go f

42、irst, will you?让那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后，我们去散步，好吗？9.反意疑问句的回答反意疑问句的回答，不是根据汉语习惯来确定用yes还 是no,而是根据答语的内容来确定，不管主句为否定，还是 反意问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。 如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。要特别注意陈 述部分是否定结构，反意问句部分用肯定形式时，回答的yes 要译成“不”，no要译成“是的”。一He likes playing football, doesnt he?他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？一Yes, he

43、 does不，他喜欢。一No, he doesnt.是的,他不喜欢。You havent seen the film, have you?你没有看过这部电影，是吗?一Yes, I have不,我看过。No, I havent是的，我没有看过。10.陈述部分主语和反意问句主语的对应关系在反意问句中，代词用人称代词I, we, you, he, she, it或they,谓语动词用助动词、情态动词或be动词。You wouldnl like to take these pills, would you?你不想吃这些药，是吗？His father cant name the plant, can he?他父亲叫不出这种植物的名字，是吗？You like traveling, dont you?你喜欢旅游，是吗？This is very important, isnt it?这非常重要，是吗？必备清单there be句型there be句型表示某处存在某物”，there是引导词，本身没有词义，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语，主谓语的数必须一致。be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用O（1）如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be常和最近的那个主语在数上保持一致。试比较:There is a pen, two b