新目标英语八年级代词讲解

1、第八-十课时英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。1. 人称代词 (指代人或事物)人称单复数 主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称 单数hehimsheheritit复数they them人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语 单数 复数I like music(主语). We like music.You are so smart.(主语) You are so smart. She is a teacher. (主语) They are students. He is outgoing. (主语).

2、It is a cat. 宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。 I saw him at the party(动词see的宾语). I havent seen them recently. (动词see的宾语) I bought a book for them.(作介词for的宾语) 补充：在口语中，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。 -Is this Mr. Green? -Yes, this is he/him. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格 (较正式) 和宾格 (较口语化) 均可以。 You know more than

3、she/her.She is as tall as me (me=I am). . 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如： I like English. Me too=I like English too. 我喜欢英语。我也喜欢。 -Who did it? -Them.(=They did it)牛刀小试判断正误1.( )He and you should go to the library to return the books.解析：正确答案 You and he should go to the library to return the books.这主要是英

4、语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you, we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.We, you and they have been there before.I, he and you hav

5、e to pay for it.2.( )New York is much colder in winter than before.解析：正确答案It is much colder in New York in winter than before.it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：It is ten oclock now. (代时间)It is far from here to the airport. (代距离)It is very hot.(代天气)It is very difficult to learn English wel

6、l. (作形式主语)We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语)2. 物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如： Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词its作name的定语） My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语） Is tha

7、t coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)人称单复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数mymine复数ourourselves第二人称单数youryourself复数youryourselves第三人称单数hishisherhersitsits复数themthemselves判断正误( )Toms mother is taller than my.解析：正确答案Toms mother is taller than mine. 形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：my book，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mot

8、her,也就是mine。3. 反身代词 如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如：He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.判断正误：1.( )Myself did it yesterday.解析：正确答案I myself did it yesterday. I did it myself yesterday. 反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。再如：She is too you

9、ng to look after herself. （宾语）I dont blame you, I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking. (宾语)That poor boy was myself.（表语）那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。补充 反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如：Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。He doesnt feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服Im not quite myself

10、these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语Please bring your daughter with you.反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如： The old woman spoke to herself.Make yourself home. 这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路se

11、at oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣Take care of yourselves .(yourself) 祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.人称单复数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数 I memyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititsitsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselve

12、s4. 指示代词指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。单数复数例子this/thatthese/thoseThis is my book.(主语)I want that.(宾语)My book is that.(表语) 为避免重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名词。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (That=the playground)My seat is next to that of

13、 the mayor.（that=mayors seat） 用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用 this。如：-She is a beautiful girl.-Who said that? I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点：她美吗? 在打电话时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗? 除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为这么那么，相当于 so

14、。如：Ive done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗? 指示代词this, that 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。如：That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）I

15、bought this.我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。5. 不定代词 10个知识点不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，any

16、one，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。复合不定代词构成bodyonethingwheresomesomebodysomeonesomethingsomewhereanyanybodyanyoneanythinganywhereeveryeverybodyeveryoneeverything

17、everywherenonobodyno onenothingnowhere some/any 按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句，而some用于肯定句，陈述句中。I want some books to read. Do you have any?something/anything按照语法anything用于疑问句和否定句，而something用于肯定句，陈述句中, 在由would you like发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。Would you like something to drink? m

18、any /much much用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。Much of what you said is true.Many know him.(a)few/ (a)little(a)few 修饰可数名词，(a)few修饰不可数名词。little与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式。a little 与a few用在肯定句中。Many know him, but few like him. few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用

19、复数形式，而a few为有一些。You have few friends, have you?both/all表示两者都用both 三者或者三者以上用all 其用法有 both and 与both/all of 形式 否定的时候为部分否定。both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be后实前，如：We are both students.The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Both of us are not rig

20、ht.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：I cant give you both of the books.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而I cant give you either of the books. Tom and Lucy both like this little boy. Both of the two boys like swimming. the others=other+名复There are ten students here.Where are the others?There are ten studen

21、ts here Where are the other students?either/ neitherHe or his brother is doing his homework.在eitheror,或neithernor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old manThe teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.Either you or I am right.no

22、 one/ none由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：How many books are there? None. Who won the game? No one.the other/another两者中的另一个 the other多者中的另一个 another随堂练习代词练习题一 填空1. This bike is my sisters. It belongs to _ (她的)。2. This isnt my book. _(我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarreled

23、among _（他们）.4. You and I understand _(彼此) perfectly.5. If there are _（一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me.二 单项选择1. _ writer is better know in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain?A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether2. They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to have a rest.

24、A. any B. some C. none D. neither3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _.A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves 4. -Is _ here? - No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody5. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.A

25、. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any三 用括号里的代词的适当形式填空1. Mr Yang is _(we) teacher._(him) is from Beijing._(his) teaches_(our) English.2. Look,there is a cat._(it) is Lilys._(it) name is Mimi.3. Let_(I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school.4. This is _(they) room.Where is _(our)?5. The la

26、dy under the tree is _(me) aunt._(her) often sings with _(she) husband参考答案一 1-5her My them each other many二 ACBCC三 1 our He His us 2 it its 3 me her his 4 their ours 5 my She her正误辨析( )1. His brother is taller than him.析than是连词，其后应视为省略句，than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。His brother is taller than he.( )2.

27、 I like you as much as she. 析asas 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。I like you as much as her.( )3. The days in summer are longer than this in winter.析在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun. T

28、he days in summer are longer than those in winter.( )4. It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.析在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such, 如：It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, m

29、uch, few, little这4个词前仅能用so,如： She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her. 正It is such a good book that everyone likes to read. It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.( )5. I want to buy a same dictionary

30、as yours.析same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。正I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.( )6.I hope she might pass the exam.I dont hope so.析在作肯定回答时，I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为：I dont think so. I hope/believe not. 正I hope she might pass the exam.I hope not.( )7. He studied

31、 very hard this term. So she did.析在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。正 He studied very hard this term. So did she.误 English is difficult to learn. So is it.正 English is difficult to learn. So it

32、is.( )8.There are many trees on either sides of the street.析either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。正There are many trees on either side of the street.正There are many trees on both sides of the street.( )9.I have three sisters. None of them

33、is a doctor.析neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。( )10. He doesnt like Beijing opera, I dont like either.析either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于肯定句中。( )11.We each has a ticket for the concert.析each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：Each of us wants to learn English well，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。正We each have a ticket for th

34、e concert.( )12. Each of us has to pass the exam.析every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every 则侧重于全体。( )13. Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.析everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而every one则可以这样用。( )14. I should read English everyday.析要注意的是every day是“每天”，而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如：eve

35、ryday English日常英语，everyday life日常生活。正I should read English every day.( )15. There are trees on every sides of the street. 析every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every. 正There are trees on each side of the street.( )16.Both my parents are engineers.析all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both 则用于两者的全

36、部。( )17.All of students might make some mistakes.析非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构，也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：all the year round, all week, all day, all winter. 正All of the students might make some mistakes.正All students might make some mistakes.( )18.The all village was flooded.析all作修饰语时要用在所

37、有修饰词之前。正All the village was flooded.( )19.The post office is on the other side of the street.析单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。( )20. The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.析another用于泛指，如：Is it far from here to the station?I

38、m sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用the other.它可以用作定语，the other one,也可以用作代词the other,但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用oneanotherthe other.或者onea secondthe third( )21. Some people like sports. The others like reading.析在泛指的复数名词前

39、用someothersothers来表示某些人某些人某些人。正Some people like sports. Others like reading.( )22. Please remember to water the flowers every other day.析every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：on the other hand另一方面。( )23. This room is enough large for the students to live in.析enough 可以用作代词，如：There is enough of the foo

40、d. 又如：Enough has been done for the work，但enough 还可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如：money enough 与enough money都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。正This room is large enough for the students to live in.( )24. Someone want to meet you.析不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如：Anyone and everyone has the

41、 right. 任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。正Someone wants to meet you.选择( )1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine析这里应用形容词性物主代词。答案B.( )2 is she? She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而Who is she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为

42、“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。答案A.( )3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work析因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。( )4 Mary, help to the bananas, please. 答案A.A you B your C yourself D yourselves

43、析help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。 答案C.( )5 do you go to school every day? By bus.A How B Why C When D Where析这题的答案是由问句决定的。答案A.( )6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。答案D.( )7 Can you speak En

44、glish? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。答案D.( )8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。答案D.( )9 “ do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How long B How manyC How often D How mu

45、ch析How often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。答案C.( )10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something析在否定句中应用anything 答案C.( )11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.”“Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anythingC something nice D nice something析肯定句中用something而不用a

46、nything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。答案C.( )12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both析因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有I dont mind 则决定不能选择neither. 答案C.( )13 This is not her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his析要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。答案

47、D.( )14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。答案A.( )15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。 答案C.( )16 There isnt in todays newspaper.A anyt

48、hing interestingB something interestingC nothing interestingD interesting anything析由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。答案A.( )17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers析教师节Teachers Day,儿童节 Childrens Day, 妇女节 Womens Day ( )18 In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food.

49、 What about people in your country? A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。答案C.( )19 Shall we go into that shop and have a look? Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothing析这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。答案D.

50、( )20 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or析neithernor意为既不也不答案C.( )21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复

51、数代名词。答案A.( )22 She is not a nurse. Im not.A also B either C neither D too析在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also. 答案B.( )23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而the others是特指复数代名词。答案A.( )24 Sorry, I cant answ

52、er your question.I know about the subject.A little B a little C few D a few析中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。答案A.( )25 My sister doesnt like skating. A So do I B So I dontC Neither I dont D Neither do I析这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合.于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。答案D.( )26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.A you, he and I B I, you and heC he, I and you D you, I and he析这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。答案A.( )27 All the