普陀补习班高二英语暑假班9非谓语综合教师学生版

1、张R老师 高二英语 暑假班9 复习+衔接：非谓语综合Introduction 非谓语动词& 高考真题01. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life.A. you flyB. your flightC. flightD. flying02. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. h

2、aving promotedD. to be promoted03. After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod.A. to attack / hitB. to be attacked / to be hitC. attacking / be hitD. having been attacked / hit04. The little boys wish is _ a doctor like his father.A. to becomeB. becomingC. to doD. doing05

3、. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.A. speakB speakingC. spokenD. to speak06. A: Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?B: As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _.A. writesB. does writingC. is writingD. does write07. Every

4、 few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.A. are havingB. haveC. have hadD. had had08. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amusedPresentation - 非谓语动词& 第一节非谓语动词概述非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词现在分词和动

5、词过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的事态变化干扰，但是有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。高考中一般在单项选择中考查非谓语动词方面的知识，而在翻译时同样可以使用（但不强制）。非谓语动词的语法功能见下表：类别 功能主语宾语表语补语定语状语动词不定式 (to do)动词现在分词 (doing)动词过去分词 (done)& 第二节动词不定式一、概述动词不定式有两种形式：带to的动词不定式“to动词原形”和无to的动词不定式“动词原形”。不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种时态，有主动和被动两种语态，

6、见下表：时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing动词不定式的否定式为否定词“not”放在不定式符号“to”之前： He decided not to go fishing this weekend.他决定这个周末不去钓鱼。二、不定式的句法功能不定式作主语不定式作主语多用来表示较具体的一次性的或带有将来意味的动作 To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。用不定式作主语时，如果其后的表

7、语为动词，通常也用不定式作表语 To go to the palace without jewellery is to say “Im poor.”不戴珠宝去宫廷就是在说“我很穷。” 不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 Its a great honor to be invited to Marys birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 在不定式之前有时可带一个逻辑主语，此逻辑主语是由for引导还是由of引导，取决于of或for前的形容词“for sb.”的句型表示事物的特征、特点，常用表示客观属性的形容词，

8、如：easy, difficult,interesting, important, impossible, necessary Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。“of sb.”的句型表示人物的性格、品德，常用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：careful,careless, clever, cruel, kind, nice, rude, silly, wrong It was careless of him to forget to lock the door befo

9、re he left.他粗心得离开前忘了锁门。 如果是单个的不定式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果是并列的不定式短语（指两件或两件以上的事）作主语，则谓语动词用复数 To tell lies is wrong.撒谎是不对的。 To sit by the desk and to do his homework for a whole day are almost impossible for little John.让小约翰坐在桌边写一天作业简直是不可能的。不定式作宾语作动词宾语下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, deci

10、de, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, swear, want They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。疑问词之后接不定式，不接动词现在分词形式。下列动词之后常接“疑问词不定式”，如：tell, show, know, decide, teach, learn, discuss, wonder, remember, find out, explain, forget He wi

11、ll tell you which bus to take to the Summer Palace.他会告诉你坐哪班车去颐和园。如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 Although people made negative comments on her, I found i

12、t easy to get on with her.虽然人们对她的评价是负面的居多，但是我觉得她其实很容易相处。作介词宾语不定式还可以作介词but, except, besides的宾语 On this occasion, we have no choice but to wait.在这种情况下，我们除了等待，别无选择。当介词前面有行为动词do及其各种形式时，介词后面的不定式可以省略to On this occasion, we can do nothing but wait.在这种情况下，我们除了等待，别无选择。不定式作表语不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 The firs

13、t step is to check the victims breathing.第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。不定式作表语时常见的主语，如：dream, wish, idea, plan, hope, goal, job, work, task Carols lifelong dream was to be a famous writer like her father.卡罗尔的毕生愿望就是成为一名像她爸爸一样的伟大作家。不定式作补语不定式作补语，如果与宾语在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式用主动式；如果与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，不定式用被动式。下列动词可以接带to的不定式作宾补，如：advise, a

14、llow, ask, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, invite, long for, oblige, order, permit, persuade, plan for, request, require, tell, urge (主张，要求), wait for, want, warn, wish, would like I dont want there to be any misunderstanding.我不希望发生什么误会。 Id like the problem to be discusse

15、d at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。感官动词如see, hear, listen to, watch, notice, look at, feel, observe等以及使役动词make, let, have接不带to的不定式作宾补；但当上述动词用于被动语态时，其后原来省略to的不定式要带上to I often hear him sing this song.我经常听到他唱这首歌。 He was made to do it again.他被要求再做一遍。 下列动词常接“to be形容词”结构作宾语补足语，如：think, consider, believ

16、e, suppose, know, feel, find, understand, declare They find the Chinese to be happy and cheerful.他们发现中国人幸福快乐。三、不定式的省略不定式的省略有两种形式：一是省略to，二是省略动词。不定式中to的省略在情态动词或助动词之后可接省略to的动词不定式 You must do as you are told.你必须遵嘱行事。感官动词或使役动词用于主动语态时，作其宾语补足语的不定式省略to在why引导的表建议性的句式中，why后接不带to的动词不定式 Why spend such a lot of

17、money on these useless products?为什么花那么多钱在这些没用的产品上？在一些固定短语后接省略to的不定式，如：had better, would / had rather, prefer rather than,cant but / cant help but (不得不), do nothing but / except (只能) I had rather never have been born than see this day of shame.与其如今蒙羞，不如未曾出生的好。在介词except, but, besides前有行为动词do的某种形式时，这些介

18、词后的不定式省略to当动词不定式在系动词be后作表语时，如果主语部分带有行为动词do，不定式可以省略to The only thing I can do is stay at home and wait for their answer.我唯一能做的事就是呆在家里等他们的回音。 当两个或多个带to的不定式由并列连词and或or连接在一起时，第二个不定式及其后面的不定式常可省略to；而如果两者有对比关系，则在每个不定式前加to The teacher asked the students to read over the text carefully and (to) jot down the

19、important points or (to) put forward questions if there are any.老师叫学生们把课文仔细看一遍，记下重点或提出问题。 She didnt tell us whether to go on or to stop.她没告诉我们是继续还是停止。在help之后的不定式可以带to，也可以省略to Amanda helps me (to) do my homework every day.阿曼达每天都教我做家庭作业。不定式中动词的省略概述：如果一个动词在前面出现过，在后面再次以不定式的形式出现时，为了避免重复，往往省略不定式中的动词，只保留不定

20、式的符号to 在一些固定动词后接省略动词的不定式，如：want, wish, hope, like, would love, hate, plan, try,prefer A: Would you like to play basketball with us?B: Id like to, but I have much work to do.A：你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗？B：我愿意，只是我还有很多工作要做。 在一些固定短语后接省略动词的不定式，如：used to, be going to, mean to, ought (to), have to,be able to Sandy wante

21、d to go but she wasnt able to.珊迪想去，但去不了。& 第三节动词现在分词一、概述动词现在分词由动词原形加ing构成，主要形式见下表：动词现在分词的否定式是在动词现在分词之前加“not”构成： Not knowing how to dye the silk red, he went to her for help.由于不知道怎样把丝绸染成红色，他去向她求教。二、现在分词的句法功能现在分词作主语现在分词作主语，表示比较抽象的行为或经常性的行为。单个的现在分词作主语，谓语用单数；并列的现在分词作主语，谓语用复数 Reading books makes one wise.

22、读书使人明智。 Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the important things you must do in learning a foreign language.听、说、读、写是学习一门外语时必须要做到的几件重要的事情。有时用it作形式主语来代替动名词短语，常见的句式如下：Its no use / no good / useless / not any use / not any good + (ones) doing Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the r

23、ules.假装不懂规则对你无益。现在分词作宾语现在分词作动词宾语，常见动词如：admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, enjoy,escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, pardon (饶恕), postpone (推迟), practice, risk,suggest, tolerate (忍受), understand We were lucky to escape being punished.我们很幸运，没有受罚。 She suggested going to t

24、he Great Wall for the spring outing.她建议去长城春游。 在下列结构中也可以用现在分词作宾语。句中常用it代替现在分词，而将现在分词放在句子后部sb. + think + it + useless + 现在分词 I found it useless (no use) arguing about it.我认为争论这件事没有用。 现在分词作介词宾语，常见短语如：be afraid of, be engaged in (从事于), be fond of, be good at,be interested in, be proud of, be sentenced t

25、o (被宣判), be tired of, be / get used to, depend on,devote to, dream of, hear of (听说), feel like, give up, insist on, look forward to, persist in,prevent from, set about (开始), spend (in), stop from, succeed in, think of Some writers are fond of playing on words, which can be very effective.有些作家喜欢使用双关语

26、，往往产生很好的效果。 Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time.好久以来，安一直盼望着到中国来。在下面这些句子中，介词in常可省略sb. + have trouble + (in) 现在分词 Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?你听懂英语口语有困难吗？sb. + spend some time / money + (in) 现在分词 I spent two hours (in) writing my composition

27、.我花了两个小时写作文。sb. + be busy + (in) 现在分词 They are busy (in) preparing for the examination.他们正忙于准备考试。lose no time + (in) 现在分词（立即做） He lost no time (in) telling me the good news.他立即把这个好消息告诉了我。现在分词作表语现在分词作表语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的较抽象的行为 His interest is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。现在分词也能起形容词作用，作表语时一般表示主动，描述主语的性质和特征 Th

28、e news is very interesting.这消息很有趣。现在分词作补语现在分词常在动词see, watch, hear等动词之后作宾语补足语，该类动词还有：look, listen to,find, get, notice, keep, have, set, send I saw a long queue waiting outside the bank for it to open.我看到银行外面人们排成长队等着银行开门。 Im afraid I cant get the clock going again.恐怕我无法让钟再走起来。现在分词作宾语补足语，句子的宾语与现在分词在逻辑

29、上含主谓关系 She left the children playing in the park.她让孩子们在公园玩。 make, cause, let等词虽然有“使得，致使”之意思，但它们之后不能接现在分词作宾补 The boss often made the workers work overtime.这个老板经常强迫工人超时工作。三、现在分词的复合结构概述：“形容词性物主代词或名词所有格动词现在分词”，这种结构称为现在分词的复合结构该结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是现在分词的逻辑主语，在句中常作主语或宾语 Your going there will help a lot.你去那里对事情将大

30、有帮助。 Do you mind my smoking here?我可以在这儿抽烟吗？如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常可以用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格），这比用所有格更自然些 I dont mind Tom (him) going.汤姆（他）去我没意见。 Toms going wont be of much help.汤姆去不会有多大帮助。四、现在分词的时态一般式现在分词的一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或者表示一种无时间限制的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went.他

31、赶紧回家，一边走一边不时地向后看。 Children enjoy watching animated cartoon.孩子们爱看卡通片。 在某些动词之后，现在分词所表示的动作虽然发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，但仍可用现在分词的一般式 Excuse me for interrupting you.对不起，打断一下。 He mentioned meeting the governor at the reception.他提起他在招待会上见到了州长。完成式现在分词的完成式表示动作或状态先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态 I regret having been unable to write to yo

32、u earlier.我很抱歉未能早点给你写信。 He denied having taken any money from the cash register.他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。完成进行式现在分词的完成进行式表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，并且一直持续到谓语动词的动作发生之时或继续持续下去 Forgive me for my having been interrupting you so much.抱歉打扰你这么久。五、现在分词的语态现在分词的被动语态分为一般式和完成式两种一般式表示现在分词所表示的被动的动作正在进行或与谓语的动作同时发生 That building bein

33、g repaired is our dormitory.正在维修的那幢楼是我们的宿舍。 Being asked to put on a performance, Mary refused.有人请玛丽表演一个节目，她拒绝了。完成式表示现在分词所表示的被动的动作在谓语的动作之前发生 Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎么能轻易放过？ 在want, need, deserve, require等动词后，常用现在分词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be过去分词” M

34、y watch needs repairing (to be repaired).我的手表需要修理。 These young trees require looking after carefully.这些小树需要细心照料。在形容词worth后，常用现在分词的主动形式表示被动 The new film is worth seeing.这部新片值得一看。& 第四节动词过去分词一、概述过去分词的基本形式是“动词ed”，但也可以有不规则的形式。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。二、过去分词的句法功能过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，如amused, astonish

35、ed, crowded, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, hurt, interested, married, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, upset, worried He is interested in collecting stamps.他对集邮感兴趣。 We are surprised at the news.我们听到这消息都很惊奇。作表语的过去分词与被动语态的过去分词的区别不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但不及物动词的过去分词可以作表语 Her

36、fever is gone, but she still feels weak.她的烧退了，但是她仍然很虚弱。作表语的过去分词不表示被动的含义，只表示主语所处的状态 The window is broken.窗户破了。 The window was broken by John.窗户被约翰打破了。作表语的过去分词不表示被动的含义，时态不需要保持一致 All the leaves are fallen.树叶都掉了。 All the leaves of the tree were fallen in the winter.这棵树的叶子在冬天的时候都掉了。过去分词作补语过去分词常在动词see, wa

37、tch, hear等动词之后作宾语补足语 I often hear the song sung in English.我常听人用英语唱这首歌。 Why not get it done by somebody else?为什么不叫别人做呢？句中的宾语与宾补（即过去分词）在逻辑上含动宾关系 I must get my bike repaired.我必须请人修理自行车。 He was trying to make himself understood.他努力想让别人听懂他的话。& 第五节非谓语动词语法功能的异同一、作主语的区别动词不定式和动词现在分词都可作主语。一般说来，表示比较抽象的、经常性的、一

38、般性行为时多用现在分词；在表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式 Teaching is my job.教书是我的工作。 To teach you the uses of the infinitive is my job today.教你们不定式的用法是我今天的工作。二、作宾语的区别有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语，而有些只能跟现在分词作宾语，这些在以上环节均有详细介绍，此处要求区分既可跟不定式又可跟现在分词的动词，但含义有细微的差别：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike表经常性的、习惯性的行为多用现在分词作这类动词的宾语；表具体的、某次特定的、带将来意味

39、的行为多用不定式作这类动词的宾语 I like swimming, but I dont like to swim today.我喜欢游泳，但今天不想游。begin, start, continue如强调“有意识”行为多跟现在分词作宾语；如强调“无意识”行为多跟不定式作宾语 I started learning English when I was ten.我十岁开始学英语。 It began to rain when I got home last night.昨天晚上当我到家时开始下雨了。 当这三个词用于进行时态时，后面跟不定式为佳；当这三个词之后跟表示精神状态或心理活动的词时，只能跟不定

40、式作宾语 The bus is starting to run.公共汽车开始动了。 I begin to doubt his honesty.我开始怀疑他的诚实性。want, need, require句型sb. / sth. want / need / require doing意为“某人某物需要”，动词现在分词与句子主语在逻辑上含动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动含义，此句之中的doing可用to be done代替 My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be required.我的自行车需要修理。 句型sb. / sth. want / nee

41、d / require to do意为“某人某物想要干”，动词不定式与句子主语在逻辑上含主谓关系 She wants to talk with me.她想和我谈谈。remember to do VS remember doing (P. 268)用不定式表示行为尚未发生，“记住要做某事” Remember to meet me at the gate tonight.记住今晚到门口来接我。用现在分词表示行为已经发生，“记得做过某事” I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.我记得我小的时候被带去过北京。forget to do

42、VS forget doing用不定式表示动作尚未执行，“忘记了要做某事” The light in the office is still on. I forgot to turn it off last night.办公室的等现在还亮着，我昨晚忘记关了。用现在分词表示行为已经执行，“忘记了做过某事” Ill never forget seeing the musical comedy in New York.我永远忘不了在纽约所看过的那场歌舞剧。regret to do VS regret doing用不定式表示行为紧跟在regret之后发生，“对要做的事表示抱歉” I regret to

43、 inform you that you are dismissed.我很遗憾地告诉你，你被解雇了。用现在分词表示行为发生在regret之前，“后悔做过某事” I regret not having taken his advice.我后悔没有听他的劝告。try to do VS try doing用不定式表示设法完成某种困难较大的事，“尽力做某事，努力做某事” He tried to improve his English.他努力地提高他的英语水平。用现在分词强调方法是否得当，看看会发生什么，“试着做” He tried cleaning the spot with alcohol.他试着用

44、酒精擦拭那污迹。cant help (to) do VS cant help doing用不定式表示“不能帮忙做” Im sorry. I cant help (to) clean the windows.对不起，我不能帮忙擦窗子了。用现在分词表示“情不自禁地” He couldnt help laughing when he heard the news.听到那消息时，他情不自禁地笑了。go on to do VS go on doing用不定式表示“（已做完一件事）接着做（另一事）” Having washed the clothes, mother went on to sweep th

45、e floor.洗完衣服后，妈妈接着扫地。用现在分词表示“继续做同一件事” After a rest, they went on reading English.休息了一会儿之后，他们继续读英语。mean to do VS mean doing用不定式表示“（主语为人）打算干” I had meant to come earlier.我本打算早点来。用现在分词表示“（主语为事物）做某事意味着” His plan means wasting money and time.他的计划意味着浪费时间和钱。stop to do VS stop doing用不定式表示“（停止一件事）接着做（另一事）” H

46、e stopped to talk to me when he met me on the street.当他在街上见到我时，他停下来和我打招呼。用现在分词表示“停止做某事” Its time for class. Please stop talking.上课时间已到，请停止谈话。三、作表语的区别不定式作表语多表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作 The boys wish is to become a doctor.那个孩子的愿望是当一名医生。现在分词作表语有两种含义表示比较抽象的、经常性的或一般性的行为，说明主语本身的情况，此种用法时，主语和表语的位置可以互换且不影响意义的表达 My jo

47、b is teaching.我的工作就是教书。 着重说明主语的特征、特性或状态，此种用法时，主语和表语的位置是固定的，不可互换，现在分词与主语在逻辑上含主谓关系，现在分词表示主动的概念 The story is interesting.这故事有趣。 过去分词作表语，表语是用来说明主语的特征、特性或状态的，过去分词与主语含动宾关系，过去分词表示被动的含义 We are interested in the story.我们对这个故事感兴趣。四、作补语的区别如果作补语的非谓语动词与其前宾语含有主谓关系，则可用不定式或现在分词在使役动词之后不定式表示动作已经发生，动作的全过程已经结束，还可表示将来的动

48、作或经常性的动作 I saw him go upstairs.我看见他上楼去了。 They often have me clean the house.他们经常让我打扫房子。 Ill get him to clean the house.我会让他打扫房子的。现在分词多强调动作正在发生或进行 I saw him going upstairs.我看见他走上楼。 Dont have your horse running so fast.别让你的马跑得那么快。如果作补语的非谓语动词与其前宾语含有动宾关系，则用过去分词 He had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天叫人给他理了发。

49、He found the window broken.他发现那个窗户被打破了。Focused Practice - 非谓语动词01. Its worth _ what makes convenience foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own.A. to consider / to introduceB. considering / to introduceC. to consider / introduceD. considering / introducing02. Something as simple as _ some cold

50、 water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.A. drinkingB. to drinkC. drinkD. drunk03. During the time when my parents divorced, with so much trouble _ my mind, I almost brokedown.A. fillB. to fillC. fillingD. filled04. Mr. Chen _ in 130 films by now, most of which are popular with children.A. is

51、 said to have playedB. is said to be playingC. has said to playD. was said to have played05. At the beginning of class, the noise of desk _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. to be opened and closedB. to open and closeC. being opened and closedD. being open and close06. It remains _ whether I w

52、ill win the election in the evening.A. seeB. to seeC. seeingD. to be seen07. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up08. Please remain _; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. to seatC. seatD. to be seated09.

53、A: They are quiet, arent they?B: Yes. They are accustomed _ at meals.A. to talkB. to not talkC. to talkingD. to not talking10. A: Can I smoke here?B: Sorry. We dont allow _ here.A. people smokingB. people smokeC. to smokeD. smoking11. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while working.A. working / stoppingB. to work / stoppingC. working / to stopD. to work / to stop12. Paul doesnt