英语翻译Introduction to Interpreting(2009)

1、introduction to interpreting1Introduction to InterpretingLuo Yaoguang Contact Details: Rm228,Admin. Bldg. Yanshan CampusRm201,Cofs Bldg. Yucai Campus Tel:)3691012(Yanshan) 5802225(Yucai E-mail: introduction to interpreting21. The Definition of Interpretation1.1 Interpretation is an extempore oral re

2、production, in one language, of what is said in another language. (Zhong Shukong：1984)1.2 口译口译是一种通过听取和解析来源语所表达是一种通过听取和解析来源语所表达的信息，随即将其转译为目标语的语言符号，的信息，随即将其转译为目标语的语言符号，进而达到传递信息之目的的语言交际活动。进而达到传递信息之目的的语言交际活动。(梅德明梅德明:1996）introduction to interpreting3What is interpreting? Interpreting is an activity that

3、 consists of establishing, simultaneously or consecutively, oral or gesture communication between two or more speakers not speaking the same language. (Jean Delisle et al, 2004)Dr. Jean Delisle, retired professorSchool of Translation and InterpretationUniversity of Ottawa introduction to interpretin

4、g4What is interpreting? Interpreting is a form of translation which a first and final rendition in another language is produced on the basis of a one-time presentation of an utterance in a source language. (Pchhacker, F., 2004:11)Dr. Franz Pchhacker, Associate professorDepartment of Translation and

5、InterpretingUniversity of Vienna 口译是 翻译的一种形式，它是在源语一次性表达的基础上向其他语言所作的一次性翻译。 （弗朗兹波赫哈克，2010：9）introduction to interpreting5What is interpreting?lInterpretation Vs. Interpreting The word interpretation is also used in English to refer to the act of mediation, but interpreting is commonly used instead in

6、translation studies in order to distinguish the two roduction to interpreting62. History and present situation of interpreting 2.1 The oldest and the youngest profession. 口译作为一种专门职业，在我国已有二千多年的历史。古时，从事口译职业的人被称之为“译”、“寄”、“象”、“狄鞮”、“通事”或“通译”。礼计王制）中记载：“五方之民，言语不通，嗜欲不同。达其志，通其欲，东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰

7、译。”癸幸杂识后集译者作了这样的解释：“译，陈也；陈说内外之言皆立此传语之人以通其志，今北方谓之通事。”后汉和帝纪提到了当时对译者的需求：“都护西指，则通译四万。”虽然数百年来西方各国也有专司口译之职的人员，然而，口译作为一种在国际上被认定为正式专门职业却是本世纪第一次世界大战的产物。（梅德明，1998：2） for more information, please refer to中国口译史黎难秋，青岛：青岛出版社，2002。introduction to interpreting72. History and present situation of interpreting 2.2 Tw

8、o historical events stimulated the development of the profession: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919, and the Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals (German, English, French & Russian). 2.3 The symbols of the formal establishment of conference interpretation as a profession:introduction to interpret

9、ing82. History and present situation of interpreting The first Interpreting school was set up in 1950 in Geneva, Switzerland.AIIC, the International Association of Conference Interpreters, was founded on Nov.11, 1953 with its Secretariat located in Geneva. （ Mr. Benot KREMER, President, AIIC，伯努瓦克雷默,

10、 国际口译员协会主席 ）introduction to interpreting9introduction to interpreting102. History and present situation of interpretingInternational Federation of Translators (FIT). /Founded in Paris in 1953. FIT is an international federation of translators associations which are located in ne

11、arly 50 countries throughout the wo r l d . T h r o u g h i t s m e m b e r associations, FIT represents the moral and material interests of over 60,000 translators on all five continents. Frans De Laet(弗朗斯德赖特) ,Secretary General of FIT-IFT introduction to interpreting112. History and present situat

12、ion of interpreting 2.4 The rapid development of the profession since the 50s： All over the world, 38 interpretation schools are recognized by AIIC (e.g. University of Leeds, University of Westminster) .introduction to interpreting122. History and present situation of interpreting Programs of MA in

13、C-E translation are also offered at Bath University , Middlesex University (London) & The University of New Castle in Britain; Monterey Institute of International Studies in USA(AIIC); The University of Griffith in Australia and The University of Auckland in New Zealand, roduction to interpre

14、ting13Introduction to Interpretingintroduction to interpreting142. History and present situation of interpreting（Chuanyun BAO, Prof. of Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Monterey Institute of International Studies in USA, A Graduate School of Middlebury College 鲍川运，美国蒙特雷国际学院高级翻译学院教授

15、）introduction to interpreting152. History and present situation of interpreting In Chinese mainland, there are interpreting translation programs at BA and MA level at Beijing Foreign Studies University; Sino-EU Interpreter Training Centre, UIBE( the sole program in China that has formal cooperation

16、with SCIC: The Directorate-General for Interpretation of the Commission of the European Communities); Xiamen University, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and Shanghai International Studies University (recognized by AIIC)（Chai MingjiongDean and Prof., Graduate School of Interpretation & Transl

17、ation（GIIT,SISU）。 introduction to interpreting16introduction to interpreting17Robin Setton(司徒罗斌) :Cognitive-Pragmatic Theory of Simultaneous Interpretation Andrew C. Dawrant(杜蕴德 )introduction to interpreting18introduction to interpreting19introduction to interpreting202. History and status quo of in

18、terpreting In Hong Kong, there are programs, BA, MPhil and PhD in Translation are offered at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Baptist University, City University of Hong Kong and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and Lingnan University of Hong Kong. introduction to interpreting212.

19、 History and status quo of interpreting In Taiwan, there are two famous programs in Fu Jen Catholic University and National Taiwan Normal University which are all recognized by AIIC. The Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation Studies (GITIS), College of Foreign Languages, Fu Jen Univer

20、sity(辅仁大学翻译学研究所） (.tw/index.php) currently offers three courses, each lasting a minimum of two years. The MA in Translation and MA in Conference Interpretation with Translation share some common courses in translation and special topics, and are full-time programmes requiring

21、class attendance and practice during the working week. The On the Job MA in Translation is a night and summer school programme designed for students in fulltime employment. introduction to interpreting22introduction to interpreting23introduction to interpreting243. The object of interpreting to conv

22、ey the meaning of a discourse meaning the thinking of a speakerintroduction to interpreting25lAccuracy - meaning is paramountlFluency 4.The Criteria of Interpretationintroduction to interpreting265.Process of Interpreting1. 听听 listening2. 记记 memorizing3. 思思 processing4. 表表delivering(-by Hu Gengshen,

23、1993）introduction to interpreting276.Types of interpreting 6.1 Consecutive Interpretation 6.2 Simultaneous Interpretation 6.3 Whispering Interpretation6.4 Sight Interpretation introduction to interpreting287.Basic requirements for interpretersquick-witted, calm, resourceful 7.1 Linguistic competence

24、 and phonetic competence Acute hearing Example I Exceptionally large vocabulary Example II7.2 Encyclopedic knowledge and subject knowledge An interpreter has to “know everything of something and something of everything”. (Jean Herbert)7.3 Outstanding memory and note-taking ability 7.4 Quick-wittedne

25、ss7.5 Mastery of interpreting skills C.I.Skills 7.6 Calmness 7.7 Cross-cultural awareness7.8 Professional codes of conductintroduction to interpreting297.Basic requirements for interpretersMetaphors :Razor-sharp mindSplit-second reactionsThe temperament of a cowThe stamina of a bullintroduction to i

26、nterpreting308.GOLDEN RULES1. REMEMBER YOU ARE COMMUNICATING; 2. NEVER ATTEMPT TO INTERPRET SOMETHING YOU HAVENT HEARD OR UNDERSTOOD; 3. ALWAYS FINISH SENTENCES;4. DONT TALK NONSENSE.introduction to interpreting31AIIC Membership Information lAIIC is the only world-wide association of conference inte

27、rpreters. It currently has 2,824 members in 261 cities across 91 countries. lFurthermore, 194 interpreters are currently going through the various stages of the admissions procedure. lAIIC is organised in 23 regions. Its regional officers can provide further information about AIIC and the profession

28、 in the local languages. lTogether, AIIC members offer 46 different languages. -2007lAIIC is the only world-wide association of conference interpreters. It currently has 2,929 members. You will find them in 254 cities across 96 countries. lFurthermore, 220 interpreters are currently going through th

29、e various stages of the admissions procedure. lAIIC is organised in 23 regions. Its regional officers can provide further information about AIIC and the profession in the local languages. lTogether, AIIC members offer 48 different languages. -2010introduction to interpreting32AIIC Membership Statist

30、ics as of 03-Sep-2007l2615 Active Members l209 Associate Members l120 Pre-candidates l38 Candidates l36 applications pendinglAmong them, there are 78 AIIC interpreters with ChineseAIIC Membership Statistics as of 27-Sep-2010l2712 Active Members l217 Associate Members l138Pre-candidates l58 Candidate

31、s l26 applications pending lAmong them, there are 79 AIIC interpreters with Chineseintroduction to interpreting33AIIC Interpreters (77) with Chinese (A )Melbourne, VIC 1Hong Kong 2Seattle, WA1Toronto, ON 2Tokyo 1Monterey, CA 2Ottawa, ON 2Nairobi1New York, NY 3Montreal, QC1Singapore 3San Diego, CA 1B

32、eijing 16 Geneva 9Washington, DC 2Shanghai 10 Taipei City 6Los Angeles, CA2Paris 7London 2San Francisco, CA 2Nairobi1introduction to interpreting34AIIC Interpreters (12) with Chinese ( B )BelgiumBrussels1ChinaShanghai 1FranceParis 2GermanyBerlin 1Hong KongHong Kong 7introduction to interpreting35lMe

33、mbership information on only applies to active and associate AIIC memberslAggregate statistics cover all paid-up active and associate members. lHowever, some members have chosen not to be listed on and do not appear on shortlists AIIC Interpreters (1) with Chinese ( C )Hong KongHong Kong 1introduction to interpreting36AIIC Interpreters with Chinese in BeijingThere are 17 AIIC interpreters in Beijing Mme Najing CHEN Free-lance Mme Yanjun CHEN Free-lance M. Danfei GAO Free-lance M. Daniel GLON Free-lanc