选修八unit2知识点.doc

1、选修八 unit2知识点Unit 2 Cloning单元要点预览 （旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词1. aloud / loud / loudly2. obtain /语 acquire / gain / earn / achieve辨析1.objectvi. objection不赞成；反对n. 不赞成；反对2.popular popularitypopularize词流 行 n.普及；流vt. 使普及，adj.汇使流行的，通俗的， 行；名望部 词广受欢迎的分 形resistant n.3. resist v. 抵 resistance变( n. 抵抗力 ,抵抗者化反反抗adj. 反抗的，)

2、耐 的抗，抵制4. decorate vt. decoration装n. 装 饰饰(品)，装璜装璜5. reason n.reasonable unreasonabl原e adj. 不合adj. 通情因达理的；合理的；荒唐；理的的理性v.分析，推论(理)；劝告1. differ vi.不同；相异2.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应重 3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad;forbidden)禁止；不准；阻止妨碍点4. accumulate vt.&vi.积累；聚积单5. owe vt. 欠；应该把归功

3、于；感激，词感恩6. retire vi. 退休 (役)；退出，撤退；就寝7. bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功 (常用主重动态 )；偿清债款；付清工资解雇点 2. in favor of 赞成；支持；对 有利词 3. be bound to do 一定；注定 (做)组 4. be in good/poor/excellent condition处於好的坏的极佳的状况重点1. The fact that she seemed to develop句型normally

4、 was very encouraging.重点同位语从句（见语法部分）语法语言要点（模块） .词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料 )1. aloud / loud / loudly【解释】aloud adv. 重点在于 “出声 ”(能被人听见，但声音不一定很大 )，通常与 read 等词连用： read aloud 朗读，读出声 shout/call/laughaloud 大声叫喊笑loud 作形容词时意为 “大声的 ”，作副词时特指(谈笑等 ) “大声地 ”，常用比较级形式；loudly 大“声地，吵闹地 ”，强调声音喧闹、 不悦耳，与 quietly 相对【练习】用 aloud ，lo

5、ud ，loudly 的适当形式填空。1). The teacher asked me to read the poem_.2). The radio isn t enough. Could you turn it up a little?3). Icouldhearpeople overtheretalking_ with each other about the news.4). Could you speak _ ?Keys: 1). aloud2). loud3). loudly4). louder2. obtain / acquire / gain / earn / achieve

6、【解释】obtain 意为 “获得，买到 ”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。acquire 意为 “经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得 ”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有 ”的含义。gain 意为 “通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等 ”。earn 意为 “挣得，赢得 ”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。achieve 意为 “得到；获得 ”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。【练习】用 obtain ，acquire ，gain，earn，achieve的适当形式填空。1). How much do you _a we

7、ek?2). The movie star _ success and wealth.3). He _ experience through practice.4). Itis throughlearningthatthe individul_ manyhabitualways ofreactingtosituations.5). An investor_ by buying stocks thatgo up in value.2). achieved3).Keys: 1). earnobtained4). acquires5). gains.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. obje

8、ct vi. objection n. 不不赞成；反对 赞成；反对2.popularpopularity n.普popularizevt.adj.流 行 及；流行；名望 使普及，使流行的，通俗的，广受欢迎的3. resist v.抵resistance n.resistant n.抵(抵抗力,反抗抗者反)adj. 反抗的，耐的抗，抵制4. decorate vt.decorationn.装饰 (品)饰装璜，装璜5. reason n.reasonable adj.unreasonable原通情达理的；合 adj. 不合理的；因理的荒唐的；理性v.分析，推论(理)；劝告【练习】用括号内所提供词的

9、适当形式填空。1). I strongly object to _ (treat) like achild.2). If no one has any _ (object), I willdeclare the meeting closed us with hope.3). The no-smoking policy was introduced with little _ (resist) from staff.4).Whenwilltheyfinishthe_(decorate) of the bathroom?5).Thebuilding_ (decorate)withflags., t

10、he event was a great success.6). Dont let your boss make _ (reason)demands on you.7). Thepresidents _ (popular)hasdeclined considerably.8). The President is very _ (popularize)with Jewish voters.Keys:1). being treated2). objection3).5). was decorated 6). unreasonable7). popularity8). popular.重点词汇 （旨

11、在提供词汇综合运用所需材料） 1. differ vi. 不同；相异 difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的典例 1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同， 区别在于他们的没有起车库。2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。重点用法 A differs from B in. A 与 B 在 方面不同 A differs with B a

12、bout/on/over. A 与 B就意见相左2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken)着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证 (后接 to do)典例 1). She undertook the responsibilityfor thesechanges. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍典例 1). The law fo

13、rbids the use of chemical fertilizers.法律禁止使用化学肥料。2). I forbid you to tell anyone.我不准你告诉任何人。重点用法 forbidsth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事4. accumulate vt.&vi.积 累 ； 聚 积accumulation n u,c积累典例 1).Byinvestingwiselyshe accumulatedafortune.她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。2). Dust and dirt soon accumu

14、late if a house isnot cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫 , 尘土很快就越积越多。5. owe vt. 欠；应该把归功于；感激，感恩典例 1). He owes his father50. =He owes50to hisfather.他欠他父亲50 英镑。2). We owe this discovery to Newton.我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。重点用法 owe sb sth = owe sth to sb欠(某人 )债owesth to sb/sth将某事物归因或归功於某人/事练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。1).Howmuchdo

15、Iowe you_ thegroceries?2). He owes his success more _ luck than_ ability.3). I owe a lot _ my wife and children.Keys: 1). for2). to; to3). to6. retire vi. 退休 (役)；退出，撤退；就寝典例 1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。2). Ourforces retired topreparedpositions.我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。重点用法 retire from.从

16、 退休 (役)/退出retire(from.) (to.) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）7. bother vt.打扰 vi. 操心n. 烦扰典例 1). I am busy; don t bother me我now很忙.，现在别打扰我。2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点 ?重点用法 bother with/about 一为 而烦恼；因 操心 bother to do / doing 费神做练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。8. obtain vt. ( 正式；尤

17、指通过努力或计划 ) 获得；得到 obtainable adj 能得到的 ; 可获得的典例 1). I haven t been able to obtain that recordanywhere. 我到处都没买到那张唱片。2). He said that the police had obtained thisinformation by illegal means.他说警方是靠非法手段获得这一资料的。重点用法 obtain sth from sb/sth从 获得某物练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). Are his records still _ (obtain)?2).F

18、urtherinformationcanbeobtained_ (介词 ) head office.Keys: 1). obtainable2). From.重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功 (常用主动态 )；偿清债款；付清工资解雇典例 1). At last, his hard work paid off.最后，他的努力得到了回报。2). Did your plan pay off?你的计划成功了吗 ?短语归纳 pay 短语：pay for 付 的 钱 ； 为 而 付 出 代 价 pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.

19、) 偿还pay sb. (.) for sth. 因 某 事 而 付 某 人 pay sb. (.) to do sth. 付某人 ( )去做某事练习 用与 pay 相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。1). After ten years of hard workingshe finally_ _ her debt.2). Our efforts are sure to _ _.3). Her parents _ _ America.4). Have you _ the milkman this week?5). Have you _ the money _ thebank yet?6). I

20、 will _ you _ next week.7). I paid the boy ten yuan _ (clean) thewindow.Keys: 1). paid off4). paid5). paid;toclean2). pay off6). pay;3). paid forback7). to2. in favor of赞成；支持；对有利典例 1). I am in favor of your suggestion.我赞成你的提议。2). I talked to Susan about it, and she s all in favor of going. 我与苏珊谈了这件事

21、， 她完全赞同走。重点用法 ask a favor 请求帮忙do sb. afavor = do a favor for sb.帮某人的忙3. be bound to do 一定；注定 (做) 典例 1). The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.明天天气一定会变好。2). You ve done so much work that youre bound to pass the exam. 你下了这麽大工夫 , 一定能考及格。4. be in good/poor/excellent condition处於好的坏的极佳的状况典例 1).Thesh

22、ipconditionis not to makeina condition/isinnoa long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。2). The car is still in excellent condition.这小车状况极佳。短语归纳 condition短语：out of condition健康状况欠佳working/living/syudying conditions 工作、生活、学习环境on condition (that). 在 条件下；倘若 on no condition 一点也不 ; 决不.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她（多莉羊）似乎生长正常的事实很鼓舞人心。解释 “ that she seemed to develop normally是 ” 一个同位语从句，作 the fact 的同位语。同位语从句一般由 that 引导，常放在 fact ，