关系副词引导的定语从句

1、Unit 5 The Attributive Clause 关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指 关系词在关系词在从句从句中作用中作用关系关系代词代词that人人 / 物物主主语语、宾、宾语语、表语表语which物物主主语语、宾、宾语语, 表语表语who人人主主语语、宾、宾语语whom人人宾宾语语whose人人 / 物物定定语语 (whose + n.)as主语 . 宾语The use of the relative pronoun (关系代词关系代词)口诀口诀:定语从句三步：定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的第二看先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语或状

2、语法功能（做主语、宾语或状 语）语）第三选择合适的关系词第三选择合适的关系词1.This is al l _ I know about the matter. A. that B. What C. who D. whether2.Is there anything else _ you want? A. which B . that C. who D. what3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. itChoose the best answers:4. Please take

3、 the second chair _ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that 5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C. which D. it 6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 7. The weather turned out to be very good, _ wa

4、s more than we expected. A. what B. which C. that D. it关系副词的用法关系副词的用法关系副词关系副词指代指代在从句中的作用在从句中的作用when (=at/in/on /during which) where (=in/at /on/under which)why (=for which) 时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语原因状语n（一）关系副词（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。nwhere引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。地点的名词。n例：例：

5、nChina is the only country where wild pandas can be found.nThis is the house where I lived two years ago. 知识拓展：知识拓展：1. 关系副词关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换引导的定语从句可以转换为为“介词介词(in/on/at/under等等)+which”引导引导的定语从句。的定语从句。Eg: The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel The hotel in whichin which we stayed we stayed

6、 wasnt clean.wasnt clean. = The hotel which/ that we stayed in wasnt clean.nThe house where LuXun once lived is being repaired now. =The house in which LuXun =The house in which LuXun once lived is being repaired once lived is being repaired now.now.n2. 若定语从句的先行词是若定语从句的先行词是地点地点，但定语，但定语从句缺主语或宾语从句缺主语或

7、宾语，用，用which或或that引导引导定语从句，而不用定语从句，而不用where来引导。来引导。 The library that/ which you visited The library that/ which you visited yesterday was built in 1990.yesterday was built in 1990. n3. 如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition和和case, position 等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where / prep + which引

8、导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。 例：例：Ive come to Ive come to the pointthe point where where I cant stand him.I cant stand him. n【典型例题典型例题】n1. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. nA. that B. when nC. which D. where n2. Life is like a long race _we

9、 compete with others to go beyond ourselves. nA. why B. what nC. that D. wheren3. I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own.nA. which B. where nC. how D. why n4. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.nA. where B. there nC. which D. w

10、hen nwhen引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。示时间的名词。n例：例：nThe time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.（二）关系副词（二）关系副词whenwhen引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 先行词是time时n若若time 是作是作“次数次数”讲时，应用关系代词讲时，应用关系代词that引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，that可以省略。可以省略。nThis is the second time (that) the president

11、 has visited the country.nI could hardly remember how many times (that) Ive failed.n若若time 作作”一段时间，时代一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关讲时，应用关系副词系副词when 或介词或介词at/during + which 引导的引导的定语从句定语从句nThis was at a time when/ duing which there was no radios, no telephones or no TVs.n1. This is the second time_ I have been here.n

12、2. Can you still remember the time _we spent together in our childhood.n3. The first time _he saw her, he fell in love with her.n(1. that /不填 2. that /which 3. that/不填)n4) We are living in a age _ many things are done on the Internet.nA. Which B. ThatnC. Whose D. whenn知识拓展：知识拓展：n1. 关系副词关系副词when引导的定语

13、从句也可以引导的定语从句也可以转换为转换为“介词介词(in/at/on/during)+which”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。nI still remember the time when (during which ) I lived in the countryside. n2. 若定语从句的若定语从句的先行词是时间，先行词是时间，但定语但定语从句缺主语或宾语从句缺主语或宾语，则用，则用which或或that引引导定语从句。导定语从句。n Ill never forget the time that / which I spent on campus. nIll never forg

14、et the time that/ which was spent with you. n1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. nA. if B. when nC. which D. sincen2. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. nA. which B. whose nC. in whic

15、h D. with which n3. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.nA. Who nB. WhichnC. WhynD. When n（三）关系副词（三）关系副词why 引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。nwhy引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：因的名词，如：excuse ; explanation; reason等。等。n例：例：nThe reason why he didnt come to the party is that h

16、e didnt want to see Jane.nWe cant accept the excuse why you were absent. nThis is the explanation why they put off the meeting.n知识拓展：知识拓展：n1. 关系副词关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转引导的定语从句可以转换为换为“for +which ”引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。nThis is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.n2. 若定语从句的先行词是若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定，但定

17、语语从句缺主语或宾语从句缺主语或宾语，则用，则用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。nThe reason that/ which she gave me was not true.n即学即用n1) The reason _he didnt come was that he was ill.n2) The reason he explained is not true. whywhy that/ whichthat/ which n3) The reason _ he was absent was _ he had a bad cold.nA. When, becausenB.

18、When , whynC. Why becausenD. Why that(四) Way 后接定语从句的情况nway 后面的定语从句的引导词有后面的定语从句的引导词有which/ in which / that /不填不填，如：，如： n I recognized hes from Australia fromn the way _ he speaks. in which ( that / 不不填填)填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to underst

19、and. 2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.that/ which/不填不填that/in which/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语缺少主语或宾语缺少主语或宾语: :引导词用引导词用that / which / 不填不填(缺宾语时缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺主语宾语都不缺: :引导词用引导词用that / in which / 不不填填n1. I dont like the way _you laugh at her.n In which/ that / 不填（四）判断关系代词与关系副词（四）判断关系代词与关系副词 n1. This

20、is the mountain village _ _ I visited last year.n2. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.n3. This is the mountain village _ _ I stayed in last year.that/ whichthat/ whichwherewherethat/ that/ which/which/不填不填介词可后移，此时关系代词可以省略nThis is the book for which you asked.n= This is the book which

21、/that/不填 you asked for.n但是有些固定动词短语不能拆开，介词不能提前，只能能够放在动词的后面nEg. This is Xu Jingleis latest movie (which/that) she is looking for.n1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?nA. where B. that nC. on which D. the onen2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?nA. where B. that nC. on which D. t

22、he onen归纳：归纳：n关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、主、定、宾语宾语时，选择关系代词时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行词在从句中作；先行词在从句中作状语状语时，应选择关系副词时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点地点状语，状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状语原因状语) 。“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句介词后的关系代词只能是介词后的关系代词只能是which （指物指物）whom（指人指人） 介词选择的三原则：n一 介词根据从

23、句谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定n on which I spent 5 yuan .n for which I paid 5 yuan .nThis is the book from which I learnt a lot. about which Tom often talks二. 介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而 确定 nI remember the day on which I joined n the Party.n the days during which I n lived here.n the month in whic I stayed n there.三. 介词根据从句所表达的意义

24、而 确定nMy computer, without which I cant play computer games, crashed yesterday.nLearning a countrys culture is like opening a window, through which you can know about that country better.四. 当表示所有关系或是整体中的一部分时 ，常用 of which/ whom 引导定语从句nThe old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.nThis is the hou

25、se, the windows of which (whose window) are very beautiful.五. 介词短语 + 关系代词n常见短语： at the foot of ; at the bake of ; n in front of ; on the top ofnEg: They stayed in a big hotel, in front of which was a garden.六. 名词（代词/数词）+ of +关系 代词n该结构一般引导非限制性定语从句， 在从句中一般做主语nEg; The building had been repaired, the ro

26、of of which was destroyed again in the big fire.七. 介词 + whose n在定语从句中做在定语从句中做定语定语，修饰其后的名词，修饰其后的名词Eg: She is the very person in whose pocket I found my lost watch.n1. Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.nA. Of whichnB. With withnC. About whichnD. Into whichn2. The house I

27、 grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.nA. In itnB. In nC. In thatnD. In whichn3. Tom received training in a computer for one year , _ he found a job in a big company.nA. After thatnB. After whichnC. After itnD. After thisn4. We saw several natives advancing towards our pa

28、rty, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses.nA. to which B. to whomnC. with whom D. With thatn5. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten n Windows, most of _ hadnt been n cleaned for ten years.n A. these B. those C. that D. which n定语从句与其他从句的比较定语从句与其他从句的比较n1. 非限制性定语从句和单句非限制性定语从句和

29、单句/并列句的比较并列句的比较nHe has two sons. Both of_ are teachers. （ 句）句）nHe has two sons, and both of _are teachers. （ 句）句）nHe has two sons; both of _are teachers. （ 句）句）nHe has two sons, both of _are teachers. （ 句）句）nA. them B. whomA A简单简单A AA A并列并列并列并列B B定语从定语从n分析：注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分析：注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分定语从句、简单句和并列

30、句的一个关分定语从句、简单句和并列句的一个关键。键。 n2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句与引导的非限制性定语从句与 it引导的句子引导的句子nThe earth is round, and _is known to all.n_is known to all, the earth is round.n_is known to all that the earth is round. nA. (I)it B. A(a)s A AB BA An3. 定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句n(1) This is such a big stone _no one can lift it.（ 从句）从

31、句）nThis is such a big stone _no one can lift. （ 从句）从句）状语状语thatthatasas定语定语分析：从引导词来看，状语从句中的分析：从引导词来看，状语从句中的that that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的而定语从句中的asas在从句中要作一个成分在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。（主语，宾语或表语）。n(2) Please put the letter in the drawer where he can easily find it. （ 从句从句）nPlease put the

32、 letter where he can easily find it. （ 从句）从句）定语定语状语状语总结：总结：wherewhere前面有被修饰的前面有被修饰的地点名词地点名词时，时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。是定语从句，否则是状语从句。n4. when引导的定语从句与强调句句型。引导的定语从句与强调句句型。nIt was October _we met in Beijing for the first time.（ 句）句）nIt was in October _ we met in Beijing for the first time.（ 句）句）whenwhenthatthat定

33、语从定语从强调强调总结：强调句句型：总结：强调句句型：It is/was+It is/was+被强调的被强调的部分部分+that/who +that/who +其它部分，去掉其它部分，去掉It It is/wasthat/who, is/wasthat/who, 句子照样成立。而句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。n解题技巧：解题技巧：n1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。n2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。陈述句式。n3. 分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中分析从句的句子

34、结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词n4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词连词and, but等。等。n即学即用：即学即用：n1) Yesterday my physics teacher set such a difficult exam problem _ none of us worked out. nA. that B. as nC. so that D. whichB B n2) Here are players from Japan, s

35、ome of _ are our old friends.nA. which B. that nC. whom D. themC C n3) It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.nA. which B. that nC. when D. on whichC C 1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together.2. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3. I went to the place _ I worked ten

36、 years ago.when /in whichwhichwhere/ in which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ he gave. whichwhy/ for whichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词 1. Last week , 0nly two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to

37、 buy them. A. None of them B. Both of them C. None of whom D. Neither of whom The man pulled out a golden watch, -_were made of small diamonds. A . The hands of whom B . Whom the hands of C . Which the hands of D . The hands of which The newly built cafe, the walls of _are painted light green, is re

38、ally a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A . That B . It C .what D . which Thats the new machian_parts are too small to be seen. A . That B . Which C . Whose D .what You will find taxis waiting at the bus station _you can hire to reach your host family. A . Which B . Where C .when D . as Julie was good at German, French ,and Russian ,all of _she spoke fluently. A . Who B. Whom C. Which D. that (2011四川高考四川高考) That evening,_ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhat (2011陕西高考陕西高考) I walked up to the top of