2025-2026学年高中英语初高衔接+时态和语态

第5讲时态和语态初升高英语完美衔接时态PART02时态现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在一般过去一般将来过去将来进行现在进行过去进行将来进行过去将来进行完成现在完成过去完成将来完成过去将来完成完成进行现在完成进行过去完成进行将来完成进行过去将来完成进行时动词时态（16种）1.用法：1.现在的状态、特征、能力；2.表经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态3.客观事实或普遍真理。2.标志词：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,onceaday/week/month/year,everyday,onMondays等.3.构成：

主语+am/is/are

主语+do/does

例句：

Myfatherisalawyer.Ioftenplaybasketball.

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.在含时间和条件状语从句的复合句中，用一般现在表将来，即主将从现。eg：IwillgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.一般现在时动词三单变化规则规则动词原形动词三单变化动词原形动词三单变化一般动词后加-sstopstopsmakemakes以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾，加-esfixfixesmissmisses

teachteacheswashwashes

gogoesdodoes以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i加-es;以元音字母加y结尾，加-sstudystudiessaysays特殊变化havehasbeis1.用法：①表示过去发生的动作或状态；

②也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.标志词：lastnight,yesterday,lastweek/month/year,someyearsago,in1995,inthepast,justnow.3.构成：

主语+was/were

主语+did例句：Iwasfatinthepast.

Iplayedbasketballyesterday.Sheboughtabikelastmonth.一般过去时动词过去式的规则变化一般在词尾加---edwork---workedwatch---watched以不发音的---e结尾的动词后加---dhope---hopedlike---liked以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加---edstudy---studiedtry---tried以重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母再加---edstop---stoppedrefer---referred动词过去式的不规则变化am/is/are

was/weretake

tookspend

spentknow

knewdo/does

didkeep

keptbuild

builtget

gothave/has

hadfind

foundgive

gaveforget

forgotgo

wenthear

heardbegin

beganeat

atecome

camebringbroughtsing

sangread

readbecome

becamebuybought

drink

drankcostcostsee

sawthink

thoughtswim

swamcutcutmake

madeteach

taughtspeak

spokeputputtell

toldlearn

learntbreak

brokehurthurt

1.用法：表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态2.标志词：tomorrow,nextmonth,intwodays,soon等。3.构成：

①

will+do

②

begoingto+do

(表示计划做某事/有迹象要发生某事)

③be+doing(go,come,leave,等位移动词)例句：Theywillplaysoccertomorrow.

Theyare

goingto

watchamovie

soon.

TheyareleavingforBeijing

nextmonth.一般将来时过去将来时

1.用法：表示从过去的某一时间看将来要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾语从句中。

2.构成：

woulddo或was/weregoingtodo例句：Ithoughttheywouldcometohelpme.Shesaidthatshewasgoingtoplaybasketball.

现在进行时1.用法：①表此时此刻正在进行的动作；②现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。2.标志词：Listen!Look!now,atthemoment等。3.构成：

am/is/are+doing例句：Listen,Kate

isworkingintheoffice.MyparentsandIarewatchingTVnow.现在分词的规则变化一般情况在词尾直接加---ingwork---workingstudy---studying以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加---ingwrite---writingtake---taking以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加---edstudy---studiedtry---tried以重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母再加---ingcut---cuttingbegin---beginning以---ie结尾的动词，变---ie为y再加---inglie---lyingdie---dying

过去进行时1.用法：①表示过去某时或某段时间正在发生的动作，

②常与从句等特定的过去时间连用。2.标志词：atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,at6o’clockyesterday，from3:00to4:00yesterday等。3.构成：was/were+doing

例句：

Hewashaving

supperat6o’clockyesterday.

TheywerewatchingTV

atthistimelastnight.

现在完成时1.用法：①表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响和结果。②表示发生过去的动作一直延续到现在。2.标志词：already,yet,

never,ever,

just,sofar,recently,since,for等3.构成：have/has+done例句：Haveyoufinished

yourhomework

yet?

Ihavelived

heresince2000.

ShehastaughtEnglishfortenyears.动词过去分词的规则变化一般在词尾加---edwork---workedwatch---watched以不发音的---e结尾的动词后加---dhope---hopedlike---liked以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加---edstudy---studiedtry---tried以重读闭音节，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母再加---edstop---stoppedrefer---referred动词过去分词的不规则变化cutcutcutbring

brought

broughtfind

found

founddrink

drank

drunkhithithitbuy

bought

boughthave/has

had

hadswim

swam

swumcostcostcostthink

thought

thoughtam/is/are

was/were

beenbreak

broke

brokenhurthurthurtteach

taught

taughtdo/does

did

donefly

flew

flownputputputtell

told

toldgo

went

goneknow

knew

knownreadreadreadlearn

learnt

learntsee

saw

seenget

got

gottenshutshutshutspend

spent

spenttaketook

takenforget

forgot

forgottenkeepkept

kept

build

built

builtbeginbegan

beguncome

came

comemake

mademadehear

heard

heardsing

sang

sungbecome

became

become

过去完成时1.用法:①以过去的某一时间为标准，在此之前发生的动作对过去的这个时间点造成的某种影响或是结果。②以过去的某一时间为标准，在此之前发生的动作一直延续到这个时间点。2.标志词：untill/before/by+过去的某个时间

3.结构：haddone

Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.

By2012,wehadbuiltfivenewhouses.过去现在将来过去的过去Betty______________(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.Janeusually_______(have)supperat6:30.MrsGreen__________(come)backtomorrow.Theboys____________(play)footballontheplaygroundnow.MrWhite___________(talk)tohimalready.Lucy______(leave)theclassroomtwentyminutesago.Thelittlegirl___________(learn)300Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.I___________(do)homeworkatthistimeyesterday.Shesaidshe___________(go)shoppingwithmetomorrow.waswatchinghaswillcomeareplayinghastalkedlefthadlearnedwasdoingwouldgo时态同步练习时态综合练习Mymother

(play)thepianoeverySunday.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus____________(wait)forus..Bytheendoflastyear,we

(produce)20,000cars.Mybrother

(go)toLondonlastsummer.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_______________

(leave)officesoon.Inthepasttenyears,China

(make)greatchanges.Anewteacher_(come)tomorrow.We

(have)amathclassatthistimeyesterday.playsiswaitinghadproducedwentwouldleavehasmadewillcomewerehaving语态PART02STEP1STEP3主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。语态类型：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.发出者动作承受者承受者发出者动作am/is/are+doneTheappleiseatenbythekid.一般过去时：was/were+doneTheapplewaseatenbythekid.一般现在时：被动语态形式：be+动词过去分词（bedoneby）Theapplewillbeeatenbythekid.will+bedone

一般将来时：过去将来时：would+bedoneTheapplewouldbeeatenbythekid.被动语态形式：be+动词过去分词（bedoneby）现在进行时：am/is/are+beingdone过去进行时：was/were+beingdoneTheappleisbeingeatenbythekid.Theapplewasbeingeatenbythekid.被动语态形式：be+动词过去分词（bedoneby）现在完成时：have/hasbeendoneTheapplehasbeeneatenbythekid.过去完成时：hadbeendoneTheapplehadbeeneatenbythekid.被动语态形式：be+动词过去分词（bedoneby）STEP3主动语态变被动语态主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾格变主格。谓语变为被动结构，be+过去分词主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导，有时可以省略。

He

writes

alettereveryweek.Aletteri