专题四高考英语短文改错Word版

1、选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 专题四：高考英语短文改错【命题趋向】短文改错是高考试题中的一个重要题型。英语考试说明中对短文改错题型做了如下描述：“本题给出一篇约100个单词的短文，其中10行每行右边标有题号，要求考生判断是否有错，如有错将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。” 由此可以看出，短文改错题是知识和能力的综合性试题，它覆盖面广，设题灵活；不仅能准确地测试学生的语言 知识水平，而且能客观的反映学生综合运用语言的能力；不仅要求学生系统掌握所学的语法、词汇知识，而且要求学生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理的能力。08年高考试题中选择的短文难

2、度相对适中，错误类型大部分都属于学生在平时学习中常犯、易犯的错误，比较容易判断。需要提醒考生特别注意的是，改错的格式一定要严格按照要求，避免因格式错误造成不必要的失分。【考点透视】1）及物动词缺少宾语，或需要接双宾语时只有一个宾语。短文改错的设置中，有时在及物动词后面没有加宾语，或需要接双宾语时只有一个宾语，此时就要判断该动词是否是及物动词，以加上相应的宾语。这时宾语一般都是人称代词。或者或需要接双宾语时加上间接或直接宾语2）不及物动词接宾语时其后缺少相应的介词。不及物动词不能直接接宾语，必须加上相关的介词，而出题人故意将该介词 漏掉，此时需要我们进行判断，该动词是及物动词直接接宾语，还是不及

3、物动词，需要与介词 搭配才能接宾语，同时要根据句子含义判断用什么介词构成短语。因为同一个动词，与不同的介词搭配其含义不一样。3）两个动词连用时，中间缺少不定式的符号to。英语中两个动词连用时，除了个别动词如come、go、help之外，其他的动词都应该接不定式(此时要加to）或动名词做宾语。试题的设计有时候有意使用动词原形，此时就要判断该用不定式还是动名词做宾语。若是前者，就要在第二个动词前加to；后者则要将第二个动词改成v.-ing形式。4）单数名词表泛指时缺少不定冠词a/an，或表示特指时没有定冠词the。英语中，只要是单数可数名词，在使用时都应该加上冠词，表示定指加the，没有具体所指要

4、加a/an。对这一知识点的考查在高考短文改错中出现的比较频繁。对于单数可数名词要注意其前面有没有加冠词，表示特指还是泛指。另外，如果该名词前有小品词如this、that、these、those、such等词修饰时，名词前不加冠词。 5）受汉语的影响，将某些形容词或表示动作含义的介词短语当作动词使用，导致句中缺少连系动词。此时要注意分析句子结构，看是否缺少谓语，因为谓语是句子的饿核心，没有谓语动词的句子是不完整的。要注意克服汉语思维的干扰。6）被动语态或完成时中缺少助动词。 这样的试题设计主要是某些动词的过去分词和过去式的形式相同，因此这样的错误设置得往往比较隐蔽，考生就要根据语境的提示判断该用

5、主动语态还是被动语态， 应该用一般过去时还是过去完成时，或者现在完成时。7）缺少连词，或者连词词组中缺少某些小词。出题人故意将属于两个层次的句子简单地罗列在一起，考查考生在理解语境的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次，在适当的地方加上连词引导定语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句或加and/but引导并列句等。8）有时，出题人故意将一个完整的短语中某个小词遗漏，此时要注意判断短语的完整性。【例题解析】（2008陕西高考） John Brown is London taxi driver who love going to the76 lovesTheatre Last week his mother gav

6、e him two tickets for a play77 The tickets were on Sunday evening Then John read some 78 forReviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one! He 79 terrible 2 / 17Wouldnt go to see a play that no one liked it, So two hours 80 去掉h Before the play started, he left the ticket on the back seat

7、of 81 tickets His taxi, Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them82 to However, while John went back home, the tickets were 83 whenStill there In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat 84 去掉the Someone has placed another pair of tickets on top of them! 85 had 【解析】76主语driver为单数第三

8、人称。78“某一天”的票，应用 for 表用途。又如：The big desk is for the teacher.79修饰名词或代词，要用形容词。80that no one liked是定语从句修饰a play，it与that 意义重复，为多余，应去掉。81是两张票，应用复数形式tickets82want 后接带to的动词不定式作宾语。83while要与持续性动词连用。went back home应与表点时间的when连用。84in fact为固定用法，不用冠词。85另一个人放票发生在他查看之前。应用过去完成时。【专题训练与高考预测】 1Last Sunday, our class org

9、anized some volunteers 1_activities, in which all of us took active part 2_We divided into three groups Group 1 went to the 3_Peoples Park, which they planted trees, watered 4_flowers and cleaned the grasslands to make them 5_more beautiful Group 2 made their greatest effort 6_to give the bus statio

10、n a thorough cleaning After 7_being cleaned, and the station took on a new look 8_Group3 go to the old peoples home to present 9_wonderful performances to make the aging there 10_happier What a meaningful day! 2I think a good student may has a lot of qualities, 1_and the following three are the basi

11、c ones They 2_are diligence, intelligence and confidence Take 3_Tom for an example, he is one of the best students 4_in class and serves as our monitor Although 5_he is clever and learn fast, he is not lazy Unlike 6_some other student who study well in the same 7_class, he reads a great many of scie

12、nce books 8_These students are as hardworking as Tom 9_and they dont have an equal rich knowledge 10_ 3I have some problems with reading in English 1_When I read in English, I always want understand 2_every word, so I spend a lot of time look up words in 3_my dictionary This makes reading rather dif

13、ficultly 4_for me I like reading short stories in English, and 5_theres one thing I find it very difficult in English 6_Im never quite sure that the writer is serious 7_Several times I read something seemed serious 8_but later I found out it was supposed to be fun 9_Could you give me some advices on

14、 my problems? 10_ 4I am born in a farmers family in Suizhong county, Liaoning 1_Province in June, in 1965 When I was a child, I dreamed of flying2_in the sky I joined the army in June, 1983 In 1992, I was sent to3_the air force base In August, 1996 I was one of the first 14 members 4_from 1,500 pilo

15、ts through the physical examination I worked hardly, 5_because I was among the first astronauts of our county in 1998 6_20090318and was chosen one of the first manned space aircraft astronauts 7_later On Oct15, 2003, I successfully flew to the space, circled8_around the earth about 14 circle and the

16、n returned I was honored9_to have given the chance to be the first Chinese to travel in space 10_ 5Every day John goes to work by trains He always1_buys a piece newspaper to read on the train, so he feels2_that the time pass more quickly One day on the train he 3_was reading a report about important

17、 football match 4_The report was such interesting that he forgot to get off 5_at his station He didnt know it until he saw the sea 6_He got off at the next station, and wait a long time for 7_a train to go back He arrived very lately at the office 8_His boss was angry to him when he told him why he

18、9_was late “Work is more importance than football!” 10_ 6Dear John,Last summer I take a part-time job in the International 1 _Camp for children I have been told one more worker 2 _will be needed this year and I think you are fit it How 3 _about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill 4 _clo

19、se to a river It is so a beautiful place! We can hear 5 _birds singing happy all around Everybody sleeps in6 _tents, that is very exciting We usually work only five7 _hours a day, so we will have plenty of spare time visit the 8 _area and have a fun I am sure it will be an unforgettable 9 _experienc

20、e If you have interests in it, reply to me soon 10 _ Yours, Li Ping 7When I was doing my homework, the phone rang She 1 was Jane She wanted to speak to my older brother I told 2 her that he had left for home just a few minutes before I 3 asked her to ring up again tonight, and she said that she 4 wo

21、uldnt be free So I asked her whether shes like to 5 leave a message Jane said there would be the lecture 6 on English poetry by a visited professor in the Lecture 7 Hall around 6:00 tomorrow evening and asks me to tell 8 my brother not be late And she would wait for him at the 9 gate I told her I wo

22、uld tell him direct he came back10 8 Gabriella works at a university as adviser Students can 1 come and see her for many a problem if they need help 2 or advices A lot of them are worried about their studies 3 and exams Some want help with the problem connecting with 4 renting on flats The biggest p

23、roblem, though, is loneliness 5 Universities are exciting places but some students find it hardly 6 to make friends They miss their families and felt lost in the new 7 environment They are upset Gabriellas job is to listen but try 8 to understand that they are anxious about But of course she also 9

24、_ gives practical advice when she is needed on their problems 10 _ 9 The moment I entered my room this morning, I1 _couldnt believe that my house had been broken After I2 _check my personal belongings, I found with great sadness3 _that seven hundreds US dollars and one diamond necklace4 _had stolen

25、This necklace is one of my favorite5 _and cherished gifts from my dear grandmother, which6 _passed away when I was very little I dont know about7 _exactly how the thief entered my house, so I saw that8 _a piece of glass in left window had been broken, and I 9 _am sure the thief might have entered or

26、 left from there10 _ 10We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop 1_working We tried to fix it and there was nothing we 2_could do David and I wanted to go off to find out help 3_but Bill insisted staying near the car He said it was 4_better to stay until help arrived rather than go into

27、the 5_forest and getting lost However, David and I did not 6_agree and David pointed to a path which he thought it 7_would probably leading to a village We followed the path 8_but soon we were lost We wandered on After a hour or 9_so, we began to feel very frightening 10_【参考答案】1 1 将volunteers改为volun

28、teers。一些“自愿者”，应为复数volunteers，其所有格，只在最后加撇号“”。2 在took后加an。“参加”是take part in，但“积积参加”却是take an active part in。3 在divided前加were。divideinto是“把分成”，此处是“被分成”。4 将which改为where。在定语从句中作地点状语，用where。5 将them改为it。替代the Peoples Park。(from nmet168com)6 将effort改为efforts。make efforts to do, 表示“努力做”时，是可数名词。7 此行正确。8 去掉and

29、。后面是一个句子，而前面是一个短语，不能并列。9 将go改为went。表示过去做过的事，用一般过去时。10 将aging改为aged。表示“老年人”用the aged。21 将has 改为have。在情态动词后，用动词原形。2 将and改为but。前后有转折之意。3 此行无错。4 将for改为as。表示“以为例”用takeas an example。5 在class前加our。由后文可知此处应是“在我们班里”，而不是“在课堂上(in class)”。6 将learn改为learns。一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数he。7 将student改为students。前面的some和后面的study

30、都说明 student要用复数。8 去掉of。因为a great many（许多）后直接接名词。9 在are后加not。根据前后逻辑来判断。10 将equal改为equally。修饰形容词(rich)该用副词。31 此行正确。2 在want后加to。表示想做某事，要用want to do sth。3 将look改为looking。spend(in)doing sth是固定句型。4 将difficultly改为difficult。作宾语补足语要用形容词。5 将and改为but。前后是转折关系。6 去掉it。在I前省略了引导定语从句并代替先行词的that。7 将that改为whether。作者“是

31、否”是认真的，我从没把握。8 在seemed前加that。that seemed serious是定语从句。9 将fun改为funny。fun是名词，此处是在be后作表语，应该用其形容词形式funny。10 将advices改为advice。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式。41 把am改为was。1965年就出生了，当然用过去式。2 去掉1965前面的in。表示“某年某月(某日)”时，“年”前不用介词，下文有类似的例子。3 此行无错。4 把air force base前的the改为a。我被送往“一个”空军基地，而不是特指“那个”空军基地。5 把hardly改为hard。hardly是“

32、几乎不”的意思，hard才是“努力地”之意。6 把because改为so。根据语境，在此表因果关系。7 在chosen后加as。“某人被选为”的英文表达是“sb be chosen as /to be”。8 去掉space前的the。space作“太空、天空”讲，是不可数名词，习惯上不用冠词。9 把circle改为circles。14圈，显然要用复数。10 在have后面加been。因为“我”是被给予了机会。5 1 trains 改为 train。by train, by bus, by car, by plane 等表示方式的介词短语，其中的名词习惯上用单数，不用复数。2 去掉 piece。

33、因 newspaper 为可数名词，可直接受不定冠词的修饰。3 pass 改为 passes。因主语为 the time，表单数意义。4 important 前加 an。因 match 为可数名词。5 such 改为 so。因其后修饰的是形容词 interesting。6 此行无错。7 wait 改为 waited。waited 与其前的 got off 为并列谓语。8 lately 改为 late。late 意为“迟”，lately 意为“近来”。9 to 改为 with。表示对某人生气，be angry 后习惯上接介词 with，不接to。10 importance 改为 importan

34、t。用形容词作表语。6 1 句子中出现last summer,过去时时间状语，因而本句应该是一般过去时，故将take改成took。2 无错误。3 be fit for适合于，我认为你适合。所以添加for4 how about doing sth? about是介词，后接名词或动名词。5 so+形容词/副词，；such+形容词+名词，such修饰名词，所以此处将so改为such。6 形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词，这里修饰动词sing，所以happy改成happily。7 that和which在限定性定语从句中可以互换，但that不能引导非限定性定语从句，which可以引导非限定性定语从句，故将t

35、hat改为which。8 have当“有”讲时，后接不定式，不能省略不定式符号“to”；当“使”“让”讲时，后接省略”to”的不定式，所以加上“to”。9 fun形容词，have fun有趣，有意思，故删除不定冠词“a”。10interest，“兴趣”，不可数名词，所以去掉复数s。71 She改为It，在不明确性别时采用it。2 older改为elder。older用作年龄大小的比较，而elder是old的另一套比较级，是用来区分兄弟姐妹的，brother和sister前加上elder，表示兄和姐。3 for去掉。leave home，离开家，固定词组；leave for somewhere,

36、是离开某地去某地，所以去掉for。4 and改成but。句意是转折含义，不是递进含义，所以改成转折连词but。5正确6 the改成a。这里第一次提到lecture，句意为有一个讲座，所以改成a。7 visited改成visiting。Visiting professor，客座教授，主动含义，不是被动含义，故改成visiting8 asks改成asked。通篇采用过去时叙述，故改为过去时。又由于said和asked是并列谓语，故改为asked。9 not后加to。ask sb to do sth, 要求某人作某事，所以改为not to be late，少了不定式符号to。10directdire

37、ctly。副词修饰动词，故将direct改为directly,修饰would tell。81 在as和adviser之间加an，advisor是可数名词，应该添加冠词。2 for改为with。 with a problem，带着问题，作伴随状语。而for表原因,故改为with3 advices改为advice，advice，不可数名词，没有复数形式。4 connecting改为connected，problem和connect为动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。5 去掉on。rent，及物动词，可以直接带宾语。故去掉on。6 hardly改为hard。hard，困难；hardly，几乎不。句意为一些学生发现交朋友很难。7 felt改为feel。通篇采用现在时叙述，而且miss和feel是并列谓语，事态应该保持一致，故将felt改为feel。8 but改为and。本句是递进关系，不是转折关系，故改为and。9 that改为what或加all。be anxious about sth 如果是that引导的宾语从句，句中about后还缺少宾语，故改成what引导的宾语从句，what作about的宾语。或者改为在that前加上all