系统解剖学教学资料头骨

1、湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室the skull彭彭 兴兴 春春 department of anatomyhubei university of medicine 湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室1.1.掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分。掌握颅的组成，脑颅、面颅的划分。2.2.掌握颅底内面观的主要结构。掌握颅底内面观的主要结构。3.3.掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征。骨性鼻旁掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形态特征。骨性鼻旁 窦的名称、位置及开口。窦的名称、位置及开口。4.4.掌握颅骨的常用骨性标志：眉弓、颧弓、掌握颅骨的常用骨性标志：眉弓、颧弓、 下颌角、舌骨、乳突、枕外隆突。下颌角

2、、舌骨、乳突、枕外隆突。5.5.了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。了解新生儿颅骨的特征及生后变化。目的要求目的要求湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室the skull the skull contains 23 bones .the skull is divided into two parts :cerebralcranium and facialcranium.湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室( (一）一）the cranial skull the cerebral cranium consists of eight cran

3、ial bones . one frontal one ethmoid one sphenoid one occipital two parietal two temporal 湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室(二）二）the facial cranium the facial cranium are fifteen in number. maxilla palatine paired zygomatic bones nasal lacrimal bones inferior nasal conchae vomer unpaired mandible bones hyoid湖北医药

4、学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 1. the mandible 2. the hyoidhead of mandibleangle of mandible湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室( (三）三）the whole view of the skullthe whole view of the skull 1.the superior aspect of the skull coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture 2.the posterior aspect of the skull external occipital

5、 protuberance superior nuchal line湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 3.the internal surface of the base of skull it is divided into three fossa. these are the anterior,the middle and the posterior cranial fossa. 湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 crista galli 鸡冠鸡冠 cribriform plat 筛板筛板 cribriform foramina 筛孔筛孔 (1) the anter

6、ior cranial fossa湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室(2) the middle cranial fossa hypophysial fossa 垂体窝垂体窝 optic canal anterior clinoid process前床突前床突 dorsum sellae 鞍背鞍背 superior orbital fissure眶上裂眶上裂 foramen lacerum 破裂孔破裂孔 foramen rotundum 圆孔圆孔 foramen ovale 卵圆孔卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔棘孔 sulcus for middle meningea

7、l artery 脑膜中动脉沟脑膜中动脉沟湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 foramen magnum 枕骨大孔枕骨大孔 hypoglossal canal舌下神经管舌下神经管jugular foramen颈静脉孔颈静脉孔 internal acoustic pore 内耳门内耳门(3) the posterior cranial fossa湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 4.the external surface of the base of skull alveolar arch 牙槽弓牙槽弓 posterior nasal apertures鼻后孔鼻后孔 o

8、ccipital condyle 枕髁枕髁 hypoglossal canal舌下神经管外口舌下神经管外口 jugular foramen颈静脉孔颈静脉孔 styloid process茎突茎突 stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔茎乳孔湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 5.the lateral view of skull pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窝翼腭窝 external acoustic pore外耳门外耳门 mastoid process乳突乳突 zygomatic arch temporal fossa颞窝颞窝 infratemporal

9、 fossa pterion 颞下窝颞下窝湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室硬膜外出血硬膜外出血翼点翼点湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 6.the front view of skull (1) the forehead superciliary arch眉弓眉弓 (2) the orbits 眶眶 orbital opening 底底 supraorbital foramen (notch)眶上孔眶上孔/切迹切迹 orbital apex尖尖:optic canal superior wall:lacrimal fossa泪腺窝泪腺窝 medial wall: lac

10、rimal sac fossa泪囊窝泪囊窝, nasolacrimal canal inferior wall: inferior orbital fissure眶下裂眶下裂, inferior orbital foramen眶下孔眶下孔 lateral wall: superior orbital fissure眶上裂眶上裂湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 nasal septem 鼻中隔鼻中隔 superior middle conchae inferior superior middle meatus inferior sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶筛隐窝蝶筛隐窝(3) the bony nasal cavity湖北医药学院解剖教研室湖北医药学院解剖教研室 (4) the paranasal sinuses the frontal sinuses