名词性从句课件

1、在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词1. That he will succeed is certain .2. Whether he will go there is not known .3. What he said is not true .4. Where he hid the money is to be found out .5. Whoever comes is welcome.That he will succeed is certainWhether he will go

2、there is not knownWhen they will start the project has not been decided yetIt is certain that he will succeedIt is not known whether he will go thereIt has not been decided yet when they will start the project有时为避免句子头重脚轻，有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用常用it 代替代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：语从句置于句末

3、。常用句型如下：其他类似句型还有：其他类似句型还有：It + be +important/ necessary/ obvious + that从从句句It+be+reported/believed/thought/announced/said/known/proved/hoped + that从句从句It + be +a pity/a shame/a fact/a surprise/ common knowledge+ that从句从句It + 特殊动词（特殊动词（happens/occurs/seems/appears） + that 从句从句何时开会还没有决定。何时开会还没有决定。 Whe

4、n the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般用用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用动词用_形式。形式。 总结归总结归纳：纳：单数单数复数复数hasWhen they will start and where

5、they will go_(have)still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定。何时何地开会还没有决定。When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .havehas单数单数1)（2008浙江浙江) _ want to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A). anyone B). the one C). whoever D). who2)(1993 福建福建) _ he said at the meeting astonished everyb

6、ody present. ( 93) A).what B). that C). the fact D). the matter3)（2006浙江浙江） 1. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language A). As B). That C). this D). It 4. _ is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (福建福建 2008) A. It B. What C. As D. Wh

7、ich 5. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06辽宁辽宁 ）A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. WhoeverAA2.宾语从句I dont know where the sound came from.Dont be satisfied with what you have achieved.I think (that) he will win the game(否定）否定）You can buy whatever you need in the shop当主句是

8、I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. I insist that she -( do) her work alone. The commander ordered that troops - (set off )at once. 表建议，命令，坚持，要求表建议，命令，坚持，要求command, o

9、rder, suggest, advise, insist, desire, demand, beg, require, request等动词如等动词如果后面加上宾语从句的话果后面加上宾语从句的话, 从句谓语部分必从句谓语部分必须用（须用（should） do1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.it找出下列句子中的错误找出下列句子中的错误 I hate it when people speak with their mouths full. Ill see to (保证保证) it that

10、 everything is ready in time. He made it clear that he would leave office soon. We must bear it in mind that we are Chinese. it +从句从句介词介词+ it +从句从句it +adj. +从句从句it + 介词短语介词短语 +从句从句it+ n.+从句从句it +过去分词过去分词+从句从句It It 形式宾语形式宾语主语主语+谓语谓语名词性从句在句中要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序, ,从句从句的引导词必须始终置于的引导词必须始终置于_ 1.No one can be

11、 sure _ in a million years. what will man look likeB. what man will look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like陈述陈述总结归总结归纳纳：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were

12、how excited 句首句首 I dont know_ A when has she gone B where she has gone C how did she leave D why did she goB2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than s总结总结归纳：归纳：3) )主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用从句谓语可根据需要选用各种各种时态时态1. He said that he will go to the statio

13、n.3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months. 1 1）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时态的某种时态2 2）主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语客观事实，格言，谚语等等 ，从句谓从句谓语动词语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas beenwould宾语从句that不能省略的情况 1.动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词的宾语从句可以省略that，其余的宾语从句tha

14、t 不能省去。 Ex.He said (that) Hangzhou is a beautiful city and that he wanted to visit it 2.谓语动词和宾语从句之间有插入语的时候 I noticed， for the first time, that he was wearing his fine green coat 3.It 做形式宾语时候3.表语从句 引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词。 1. 由that引导 The fact is tha

15、t he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。 My idea is that we should start making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备

16、工作。 2. 由whether引导 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 由连接代词引导 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。 W

17、hat I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 5. 由关系代词型what引导 Thats what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。 Thats what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。 Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. 他们追求的是名利。 He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。 6. 由as if / as though引导 It isnt as if you were

18、 going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。 7. 由because引导 It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。 Thats because you cant appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。 If Im a bit sleepy, its because I wa

19、s up all night. 如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。 Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。 【注意】because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。 4. 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句常放在以下名词后：同位语从句常放在以下名词后：Proposal，suggestion，fact， thought，truth，hope， information，doubt，problem，belief，news，word，

20、question, report ,message , decision ,request 对它们做进一步的解释说明，把同位语从句删去不影响主句对它们做进一步的解释说明，把同位语从句删去不影响主句引导词：引导词：that，whether，how，when，where ， why They were worried over the fact that you were sick. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。明天放假的消息不实。 Ive come to the conclusion

21、that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论我得出结论:这样做是不明智的这样做是不明智的I have no idea when he will be back He has solved the problem why the radio was out of orderIt is a question how he did it The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted. 同位语和定语从句的区别同位语和定语从句的区别1.同位语从句同位语从句 中的从句中的从句 是一个完整的句

22、子，是一个完整的句子， 不缺少不缺少主语主语 也不缺少宾语。关系词只起做连接作用不做主也不缺少宾语。关系词只起做连接作用不做主语或宾语。被从句解释说明的名词语或宾语。被从句解释说明的名词 是让大家记的那是让大家记的那些常用的名词些常用的名词 定语从句中定语从句中 的从句的从句 （1）不是一个完整的句子，缺）不是一个完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语时要用关系代词少主语或宾语时要用关系代词that，which，who，whom。（。（2）从句中动词或动词短语为不及物用）从句中动词或动词短语为不及物用法时或主语宾语不缺时用关系副词法时或主语宾语不缺时用关系副词when，where，why同位语被分离同位语

23、被分离 The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。 The news got around that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built here. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。 Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。 The thought came to him that maybe the e

24、nemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。 The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必： that,what ,which , whether, if, who, whom,whose, whatever ,whichever,whoever ,whomever,whoseverwhen, where, why, how 重点重点 30. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, bi

25、rds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京) A. that B. as C. why D. when 31. We suggested that the meeting _ A.should put off B.be put off C. was put off D.putting off 33. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future. ( 04广东 )A. that B. how C. such D. so58. - Cou

26、ld you do me a favor?- It depends on it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever 2. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（07年年天津卷）天津卷） A. this B. that C. it D. these 1).Sydney kept his promise _ (what /that)he would visit me this coming Christmas.2).We are going to disc

27、uss the question _ (whether/if)we should do it.3)The question _ (why /that) he did it in such a way has not been answered. thatwhetherwhy2. 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句常放在以下名词后：同位语从句常放在以下名词后：Proposal，suggestion，fact， thought，truth，hope， information，doubt，problem，belief，news，word，question, report ,message , decis

28、ion ,request 对它们做进一步的解释说明，把同位语从句删去不影响主句对它们做进一步的解释说明，把同位语从句删去不影响主句引导词：引导词：that，whether，how，when，where ， why They were worried over the fact that you were sick. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。明天放假的消息不实。 Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得

29、出结论我得出结论:这样做是不明智的这样做是不明智的I have no idea when he will be back He has solved the problem why the radio was out of orderIt is a question how he did it The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule be adopted. 同位语和定语从句的区别同位语和定语从句的区别1.同位语从句同位语从句 中的从句中的从句 是一个完整的句子，是一个完整的句子， 不缺少不缺少主语主语 也不缺少宾语。关系词

30、只起做连接作用不做主也不缺少宾语。关系词只起做连接作用不做主语或宾语。被从句解释说明的名词语或宾语。被从句解释说明的名词 是让大家记的那是让大家记的那些常用的名词些常用的名词 定语从句中定语从句中 的从句的从句 （1）不是一个完整的句子，缺）不是一个完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语时要用关系代词少主语或宾语时要用关系代词that，which，who，whom。（。（2）从句中动词或动词短语为不及物用）从句中动词或动词短语为不及物用法时或主语宾语不缺时用关系副词法时或主语宾语不缺时用关系副词when，where，why2. Try to understand the difference betwee

31、n them by yourselves * the news that we have won 146 gold medals makes Chinese excitedThe news that you told us last night is not trueThe order when we should set out hasnt reached us The order that the captain gave is being carried outThe days when we spent together are unforgettableThe place where

32、 we will get is still far from hereAnswer my question whether you are comingHave you any idea what time it starts？同位语被分离同位语被分离 The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。 The news got around that he had won a car in the lottery. 消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built he

33、re. 谣传这里要盖一所新学校。 Report has it that the Smiths are leaving town. 有传言说史密斯一家要离开这座城市。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。 The order soon came that all citizens should evacuate the village. 不久命令下来，所有居民都必表语从句 引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if

34、, as though, because等连词。 1. 由that引导 The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。 His sole requirement was (is) that the system work. 他唯一的要求是这个制度能起作用。 My idea is that we should s

35、tart making preparations right now. 我的意见是我们马上就开始做准备工作。 2. 由whether引导 The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 由连接代词引导 You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The

36、 question is who (m) we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。 What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道的是我们应走哪条路。 4. 由连接副词引导 The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。 Thats where I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。 Thats why he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。 Tha

37、ts why I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。 Thats where you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。 5. 由关系代词型what引导 Thats what I want to stress. 这是我想强调的。 Thats what we are here for. 我们来这里就为了这个。 Fame and personal gain is what theyre after. 他们追求的是名利。 He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的他了。 6. 由as if / as though引导 It i

38、snt as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 Now it was as though she had known Millie for years. 现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。 It is not as though we were poor. 又不是我们家里穷。 7. 由because引导 It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。 Thats because you cant appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。 If Im a bit sleepy

39、, its because I was up all night. 如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。 Its because I passed a slip of paper for John to Helen in class. 这是因为我在上课中替约翰传纸条给海伦。 【注意】because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。 30. We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. (2004 北京) A. that B. as

40、C. why D. when31. I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. ( 04 湖南 ) A. which B. why C. what D. how32. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago . ( 04 天津 ) A. what B. which C. that D. where33. Parents are taught to under

41、stand _ important education is to their childrens future. ( 04广东 )A. that B. how C. such D. so40. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. ( 05 浙江 ) A. who B. that C. as D. which44. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （ 06江苏 ）

42、A. if B. where C. whether D. that 45. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（ 06辽宁 ）A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever46. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning. （ 06全国I ）A. when B. which C. where D. what 57. Doris success lies in the fact

43、_ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. （ 06上海春季 ）A. which B. that C. when D. why 58. - Could you do me a favor?- It depends on it is.A. which B. whichever C. what D. whateverLesson 4 1.People mind bad language in programmes _ (watch) by children ,according to a research _(publish) yes

44、terday2.Some bad language can _ the dialogue and the situation _ (使有趣/意思)3.People were asked to _ (品论) scenes from films 4.Leeds University _ (总结) that people _ between bad language _(use) in programmes for adult and _ (代词) meant for childrenwatchedpublishedmakefunnyconcludedMade a distinctionusedth

45、oseComment on2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, reques

46、t, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. I want to

47、know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I dont car

48、e about whether you have money or not. 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。 4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态； I know that he studies English every day. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he ha

49、s studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English last term. 如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 The teacher told us th

50、at the sun rises in the east.5)当主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。 连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 3. 表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。 引导表语从句的关