动词时态基础讲解

1、动词时态动词时态语法专题语法专题(一一)英语中的十六种时态：英语中的十六种时态：1.一般现在时一般现在时 9.现在完成时现在完成时2.一般过去时一般过去时 10.过去完成时过去完成时 3.一般将来时一般将来时 11.将来完成时将来完成时 4.一般过去将来时一般过去将来时 12.过去将来完成时过去将来完成时5.现在进行时现在进行时 13.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 6.过去进行时过去进行时 14.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 7.将来进行时将来进行时 15.将来完成进行时将来完成进行时8.过去将来进行时过去将来进行时 16.过去将来完成进行时过去将来完成进行时 The Father and H

2、is SonFather: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _ (be) the best pupil in his class.Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States.waswaswaswaswasknow 1. 一般现在时一般现在时:do does用法：用法： A)表示现在的状态、特征、表示现

3、在的状态、特征、情况情况They live in the same building.B)经常性、习惯性动作经常性、习惯性动作（常与（常与usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。）He works eight hours every day. C) C) 客观事实和普遍真理客观事实和普遍真理, ,格言或警句格言或警句 等）等） The sun rises in the east. It snows in the winter. practice makes perfect. D)表示按

4、规定、计划及安排要发生的情况表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况. (一般用于一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用等动词中，常与时间状语连用)The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. 下午两点开会下午两点开会The plane takes off at ten. E）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，）在条件、时间、让步状语从句中， 如果如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时一般现在时,代替将来时。代替将来时。 Ill not go unl

5、ess Im invited. Tell him the news as soon as he comes.(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun. (2) We always care for each other and help each other.(3)The shop will close at 11：00 pm. 1. Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _ in a hospital. A. work works B. works work C. work a

6、re working D. is working work 2. One of the boys_ a black hat. A. have B. there is C. there are D. has 3. We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow. A. dont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt rain 4. He said the sun _in the east and _in the west. A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; s

7、ets 5. Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music. A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking listen 6. Jenny_ English every evening. A. has study B. studies C. study D. studied 7. A Midsummer Nights Dream_at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.A. op

8、ens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened8. My plane _ at 9 o clock tomorrow morning. Will you come to see me off?A) will be leave B) leavesC) will have left D) is left9. When Bill _, ask him to wait for me.A. comes B. will come C. has come D. came2. 一般过去时一般过去时1.结构结构: did/was/were用法：用法：A.表示过去发

9、生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday, last night)B表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用）We often played badminton together when we were children我们小时候常在一起我们小时候常在一起 打羽毛球。打羽毛球。(表过去习惯性的动词，也可用表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/ used to do 句型）句型）. 他过去常乘公共汽

10、车去上班。他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。He used to/ would go to work by bus. 3. 一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表常和表示将来的时间状语连用示将来的时间状语连用基本结构基本结构: will/shall +动词原形动词原形 I shall graduate next year. You wont succeed without their support.其他将来时的表达方式：其他将来时的表达方式：1）be going to do表示打算、计划、决定要做的事表示打算、计划、决定要做的事;“有迹象表

11、明或预示着将发生有迹象表明或预示着将发生Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。看那乌云，快要下雨了。2)be about to do表示眼下马上就要发生的动作表示眼下马上就要发生的动作 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。他马上要去北京。3) be +to do表示表示计划中约定计划中约定的必须将发生的行为；的必须将发生的行为；按职责义务必须去做的事情按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作Youre to deliver these flowers before 10. 你在

12、你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。点钟之前把这些花送去。4)be+doing主要用于主要用于go, come, leave, start等表示去向的等表示去向的短暂性动词。如：短暂性动词。如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。明天我要走了。 You _ your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。 Look at the dark clouds.It_ 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 . 小男孩就要摔倒了。 The little boy _fall over. 我们马上出发。 We_ to start off.are to hand inIts going

13、 to rainis going toare about在在“祈使句祈使句+and/or+陈述句陈述句”句型中，陈述句型中，陈述句中只能用句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如：或情态动词加动词原形。如：Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。努力学习，你就会通过考试。1._ straight on and youll see a church You wont miss it A Go B Going C If you go D When going 2. Stand over there _ youll be able t

14、o see it better A or B while C but D and Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese fr

15、iends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit We are confident that the environment _by our further efforts to reduce pollution. A. had been improved B. will be improved C. is improved

16、 D. was improved4.现在进行时现在进行时结构结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing用法用法:A. 表示说话时正在进行的动作表示说话时正在进行的动作Someones knocking at the door. B. 表示表示现阶段现阶段内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作但说话时动作未必正在进行。未必正在进行。He is teaching at a night school.C. 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动(用现在进行时表示将来用现在进行时表示将来)Hes arriving tomorrow morning.

17、 D.现在进行时与现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等等频度副词连用，频度副词连用，连用，连用，表达厌烦、愤表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪（表责怪,不满不满）You are always forgetting the important things.他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏）He is always working hard.这个男孩上课老说话。这个男孩上课老说话。The boy is always talking in

18、 class. 三、对现在进行时的考查三、对现在进行时的考查由由上下文语境上下文语境表示时间。表示时间。1) Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbors _ for a party（2004年北京卷）年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

19、phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change5.过去进行时过去进行时结构：结构：was/ were + doing用法：用法：A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状通常有时间状语语例：例：Mar

20、y was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.B. 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用长的动作要用过去进行时过去进行时，而另一个动作用，而另一个动作用一般过一般过去时。去时。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。I was washing my hair when you knocked at the fron

21、t door. C.瞬间动词瞬间动词come，go，leave，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。示过去将要发生的动作。（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时（用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时 ） He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 练习1. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N)A. read was fallingB. was reading fellC. was reading

22、was fallingD. read fellB2. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promisesB. promised C. will promise D. had promisedB3. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called B

23、4. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leave D. LeaveD5. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Giving B. GiveC. Given D. To giveB 3 -English has a large vocabulary， hasnt it? -Yes_ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and com

24、municate （2004年上海卷） A Know B Knowing C To know D Known 4 Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertise-ments showing happy families （2004年湖南卷） A will often see B often see C are often seeing D have often seen 5. Follow your doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse.（2005辽宁） A. or B

25、. and C. then D. so 6.过去将来时过去将来时1)基本结构基本结构 : would/ Should +动词原形动词原形表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发表示以过去某一时间为参照，在过去看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句和常用于宾语从句和间接引语间接引语 。The boy promised he _ (work) hard.I told my parents I _ (return) early.would workshould /would return 2).其他表示过去将来的句型其他表示过去将来的句型 was (were) going

26、 to was (were) to +动词原形动词原形 was (were) about to 7.现在完成时现在完成时结构结构: have (has) +过去分词过去分词现在完成时表示现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态延续到现在的动作或状态,可能刚刚结束也可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。常与下边这些时间状语连用常与下边这些时间状语连用：如如:so far, up to now, recently, during/over/in t

27、he past ten years, since+时间点时间点, for+一段一段时间，时间，ever, never, just ,already, yet, 等等等等.在下列句型中要用现在完成时在下列句型中要用现在完成时:1.This/ It is the first/second time + that 从句从句(完成时完成时)这是我第二次来北京了。这是我第二次来北京了。2.This (that / It)is the +形容词最高级形容词最高级 . that 从句从句这是我看过的最好的电影。这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the best film that Ive (ever

28、) seen.3.It has been+ 一段时间一段时间 + since从句从句（ 主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后后要用一般过去时要用一般过去时 ）他参军以来已经有两年了他参军以来已经有两年了.It has been two years since he joined the armyThis is the second time that I have come to Beijing.1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have

29、met C. met D. meet ；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。完成时。2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。等待的动作由过去开始，

30、持续到现在，应用现在完成时。 1. Shakespeares play Hamlet _into at least ten different films over the past years A.had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made2. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would be B. is C. has been D.

31、will be3. It is the most interesting film that I_ sinceI came to our college.A. see B. have seen C.seeing D.had seen 8.过去完成时过去完成时结构结构：had + done表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。 既既过去的过去。过去的过去。常与时间状语常与时间状语by the end of +过去时间点，过去时间点，before+过去时间过去时间/过去动作过去动作, by+过去时间，过去时间，until then 等连用等连用 eg. They

32、had got everything ready before I came.到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了 。Until then, we _for six months. hadnt heard from him 过去完成时，经常过去完成时，经常以以“过去过去”为背景为背景，要想表达比这，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，常用此时，常用此时态。态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!h

33、ad sold gotNow过去的过去过去的过去When the police arrived, the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. had run awayhad begun常见考点有：常见考点有：把过去完成时放在含有把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。中考查。1) When the old man _ to walk ba

34、ck to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid过去完成时典型用法过去完成时典型用法:表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其等，其过去完过去完成时成时表示过去未曾实

35、现的愿望或意图。表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。含有惋惜的意思。I had intended to call on you yesterday 我本来昨天打算要去看你。 （但没去）I had hoped to see more of Shanghai. 我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）Hardly had+主语主语 donewhen+ 主语主语did ; No sooner had +主语主语+donethan + 主语主语did scarcely had +主语主语 donewhen+ 主语主语+did 意为意为“一一.就就”他刚睡下门铃就响了。他刚睡下门铃就响了。Hardly had s

36、he gone to bed when the bell rang.3.it/this was the first/second.time that had done It was the third time that the boy had been late. 翻译以下句子：翻译以下句子： 1.到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。 2.这是我第一次当众讲话。这是我第一次当众讲话。(用用 it is) 3.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。 1.By yesterday evening the news had spread

37、 through the world. 2.It is the first time Ive spoken in public 3.The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night. 4.他总是开着窗子睡觉。他总是开着窗子睡觉。 5.他一来，她就离开他一来，她就离开. （no soonerthan) 4.He always sleeps with the windows open. 5. No sooner had He come than she left 6、 将来完成时将来完成时(will have done)

38、1) 构成构成will / be going to have done sth.2) 概念概念: : 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与经常与before+将来时间或将来时间或by+将来时间将来时间连用，连用，也可与也可与before或或by the time引导的现在时的引导的现在时的从句连用从句连用。We will have learned 12 units by the end of this term.By the time you get home I will have cleaned

39、the house from top to bottom.1. By the end of this year Mr. Smith _in our company for exactly three years.A) is working B) has workedC) will work D) will have worked2. By the time you arrive in London, we in Europe for two weeksA. shall stay B. will have stayedC. have stayed D. have been staying3. D

40、uring the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _ sharply.A.was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. took B. is taking

41、C. takes D. has been takingOn Monday mornings it usually _me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years A. had been made B. was made C. has been mad

42、e D. would be made Oh no! Were too late. The train _. Thats Ok. Well catch the next train to London. A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.-I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has

43、saved D. saves 9.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 ( has / have been doing) 现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时与与现在完成时现在完成时的区别如下：的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an art

44、icle. 2.有些延续性动词，如有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表表短暂动作的动词短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）等）一般不能用现在完成进行时一般不能用现在完成进行时。强调：已完成性强调：已完成性强调：持续性，未完成性强调：持续性，未完成性1)Now

45、 that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.（2004年北京卷）年北京卷） had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. h

46、ave painted 典型例题典型例题(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延

47、续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BDHave a try1.By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding 2.The conference _ a ful

48、l week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lastedC. would last D. has lasted 1. - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. -I know. By next month, he _enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves 2. By the time you get to the office I _all th

49、e documents for meeting. A. am preparing B. prepare C.have prepared D. Will have prepared Practice _ perfect. (make) 2. We often _ together when we were children.(play)3. I _ at an evening school these days. (study)4. I did tell my friends what_ to them if they didnt follow my advice. (happen)5. I c

50、alled Jim many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. His mother _ (talk ) on the phone all the time.would happen was talkingFill in the blanks with the correct form of given words.Fill in the blanks with the correct form of given words. exercisesmakesplayedam studying 6.When the police

51、 arrived, the thieves _away (run). 7.Look at the clouds; it _ (rain) .8. The Chinese _paper for two thousand years. (make)9. Hurry up, the plane _ (take) off at 6 oclock.10. This is the first time that I _her song. (hear)have been making is going to rainhad runhave heardtakesExercisesI usually _ up

52、at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.I _ (be) in Beijing for two years.How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6. I _ never _ (hear)

53、of that man before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go

54、) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay Jenny Jenny _

55、(be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parents _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit)

56、 her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit 1 I dont know if she _, but if she _ I will let you know. A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. comes, will come D. will come, comesD B2.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must

57、act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running outC. have been run out D. are being run out3My father retired from the steel factory last month, and he _ there for more than twenty years .A worked B has worked C had been working D was working A4.We had hoped to catch the 10：2

58、0 train, but _ it was gone.A. found B. had foundC. would find D. would have foundA5.This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西陕西) Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seenD 6You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004

59、年福建卷）年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 7 7You _ television. Why not do something more active？A. always watch B. are always watchingC. have always watched D. have always been watchingBB8.Mr Smith _ tonight.” “ But he promised.” doesnt come B. isnt comingC. didnt come D. h

60、adnt come9 Ann is in hospital. Oh，really？I _ know. I _ go and visit her.(2009江苏江苏) Adidnt；am going to Bdont；would Cdont；will Ddidnt；willkey points10 Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, Im terribly sorry. _.” A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont noticeDB11Has Sam fini