江苏省2016届高考英语一轮复习第13讲虚拟语气课件(共51张PPT)

1、Definition陈述语气（陈述语气（the Indicative Mood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。或感叹等形式。虚拟语气（虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。的与事实相反的愿望。1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、if条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、if条件句中虚拟语

2、气的及大考点；条件句中虚拟语气的及大考点；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句区别区别:If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.陈述语气陈述语气If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虚拟语气虚拟语气If I am free, I will visit you. If I were a bird,

3、I would fly into the sky. （虚拟条件句）（虚拟条件句） (真实条件句真实条件句）If + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If +

4、主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条

5、件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话, ,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气一、一

6、般条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去现在现在 将来将来一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气一、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时时 间间 If If 条件句条件句主主 句句过去过去had donewould should +have done sthcouldmight现在现在助动词助动词 be用用 were 实义动词实义动词 do 用用 did would should + do sthcouldmight将来将来did / were did / were should doshould dowere to dowere to dowould should + do sth

7、couldMight1.If you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; might2.If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrive

8、d3.If he _，he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken4.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brot

9、her.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 5.If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have preventedIf If虚拟句的注意点虚拟句的注意点注意点一注意点一 条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语从句中有如果条件状语从句中有were, had, should时时, , 可

10、可以去掉以去掉ifif从句倒装成：从句倒装成：Were / Should / Had + +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should

11、snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.1.Were it(_) not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2.Had I (=_) known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone (=_)call,please take a message.What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked fartherB. if Bob should

12、walk fartherC. had Bob walked fartherD. if Bob walked fartherC考题点击：考题点击：(=If it wereIf I hadIf anyone should 1._the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should pass2._five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive

13、 B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive 3._it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willIf you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明

14、现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。） 主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气( (混合条件句混合条件句):): 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

15、 If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowDIf you hadnt bought the ticket last week, how would you go now? 考题点击：考题点击： 虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，虚拟语气中，常出现从句与主句表示不同时期的事情，此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语气此时，从句与主句则分别用不同时态的虚拟语

16、气。注意点二注意点二 混合虚拟语气（错综条件句）混合虚拟语气（错综条件句）常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：常用含蓄虚拟语气的情况：规则规则1：if only 意为意为“要是要是 就好了就好了”(与与wish后面的虚拟语气类似后面的虚拟语气类似)规 则规 则 2 ： w i t h o u t / b u t f o r 如 果 没如 果 没有有，就会就会规则规则3：otherwise / or 否则，不然的话，就否则，不然的话，就会会。注意点三注意点三 含蓄虚拟语气含蓄虚拟语气3. without/but for/ 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight, pe

17、oples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without/but for .中中. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known n

18、othing about it .I might have given you more help , but I was too busy . 3. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.考题点击：考题点击：I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have takenDBut for your help, w

19、e couldnt have succeeded. Nothing could live without the sun.考题点击：考题点击：Without your help, we _ such rapid progress.A. couldnt make B. wouldnt makeC. will not have made D. wouldnt have madeD名词性从句中的虚拟句名词性从句中的虚拟句句式一：句式一：wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后

20、一个时态。例如语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.2)与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 : wish + (that)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.3)与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 : wish + would/could/might+doI wish he would f

21、orgive me.句式二句式二： 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。动词原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省可以省略。略。常见的动词有常见的动词有:一个坚持一个坚持insist; 两个命令两个命令order, command ; 三条建议三条建议suggest , advise, propose;四项要求四项要求demand, request, require,注意：注意：: suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 时时 insist表表坚持认为坚持认为时时不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气He ordered that the stud

22、ents (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. The doctor suggested that she (should) have an operation at once. 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v(should) + v原原. . 的形式出现。的形式出现。 1.My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before

23、coming here. 3.His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.4.The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time 2.My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible 考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the exami

24、nation? A. take B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowedDBB句式四：句式四：would rather/prefer that从句从句(从从句用虚拟语气

25、句用虚拟语气)(1)表示愿望与表示愿望与“现在事实相反现在事实相反”，从句用一，从句用一般过去时般过去时(2)表示愿望与表示愿望与“过去事实相反过去事实相反”，从句用过，从句用过去完成时，去完成时，would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.基本句型：基本句型： 1. It be+过去分词过去分词+that+(s

26、hould)+动词原形动词原形+过去过去分词：分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposedIt is required that nobody (should) smoke here.Its suggested that everybody (should) buy a dictionary.2. It be+形容词形容词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+形容词形容词:important, necessary, natural, right, wrong, better,proper, funny, strange, surprising

27、It is necessary that we (should ) have a walk now.Its important that we (should) take good care of the patient.3. It be+名词（名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形动词原形+在在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词

28、原形动词原形。My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.1)表语从句表语从句:2)同位语从句同位语从句:I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.考题点击：考题点击：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped B

29、. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACA考题点击：考题点击：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave an advice that they _ each other. A. helped

30、 B. must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentACA1、用在由、用在由as if,as though引导的状语从句中，表示引导的状语从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表和现在事实相反或对现在的怀疑，用过去时；表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成时;表示表示将来用将来用would + 动词原形。（动词原形。（

31、 as if/ as though 从句：从从句：从句的虚拟语气与句的虚拟语气与wish 后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似后的宾语从句虚拟语气类似）It seems as if the man were his brother.This device operated as though it had been repaired。【注意注意】as if / as though连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚连接的从句表示可能的事实时，不需用虚拟语气拟语气He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陈述语气陈述语气He speaks Engl

32、ish as if/ though he were from the USA.虚拟语气虚拟语气as if /though + Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来 :did /were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States. would+动词原形动词原形(将来将来)2.用在用在lest, for fear that和和in case引导的状语引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用从句中，这时谓语动词用sho

33、uld+动词原形动词原形或或动词原形。动词原形。She closed the windows lest she catch cold.考题点击：考题点击：1. We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B.exploded C. explode D.had explodeCC几种特殊句型中的虚拟几种特殊句型中的虚拟 1.If onl

34、y (1) 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了.比较比较if only与与only if only if

35、 表示表示“只有只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. if only 则表示则表示“如果如果就好了就好了”。其从句中的谓语。其从句中的谓语动词用过去时或过去完成时。动词用过去时或过去完成时。If only I knew more.If only the alarm clock had rung.2.Its (high/low) time 从句：从句： It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但加动词原形，但should不可省略。不可省略。 It i

36、s time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed. 类似的结构为类似的结构为 would rather 从句从句： I would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon.考题点击：考题点击：It is time that you _ the whole book.A.must go over B.can go overC.went over D.have gone overC3.情境中提供虚拟语气情境中提供虚拟语

37、气 Suppose there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 3. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired.A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt getC. were driving ;wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.Witho