深圳牛津八年级下C7语法直接引语和间接引语

1、 语法知识 直接引语和间接引语1、 如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的人称间接引语中的人称一人称与主句部分主语一致的代词二人称与主句部分宾语一致的代词三人称不变化、不更新He said to me. My brother wants to go with me.（He said.为主句，he为主句的主语;me为主句的宾语，My brother wants to go with me.为直接引语，将要变成间接引语即宾语从句）“一随主”是指在直接引语中有第一人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中主语的人称相应的代词。如：He sa

2、id. My brother wants to go with me. He said his brother wanted to go with him.说明：my是直接引语中的一人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语要变成与主句he said 中的主语he相一致的形容词性物主代词，即his;me是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词宾格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he said 中的主语he 一致的人称代词宾格,即him“二随宾”是指直接引语中有第二人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中宾语的人称相应的代词。如：He says to Kate. I am y

3、our brother ? He tells Kate he is her brother。说明：I 是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词主格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate中的主语he相一致的人称代词主格，即he;your是直接引语中的二人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate中宾语Kate一致的形容词性物主代词，即her. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语中的三人称的代词变成间接引语时不需要改变人称。如：Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr. Smith said Jack

4、 was a good worker。（Jack是三人称，变成间接引语时依然是Jack。）2、 如何变时态：1、 当主句为一般现在时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态不变，依然用直接引语的时态。如：Lily says to us,I will go to America with you Lily tells us that she will go to America with us.2、 当主句为一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态要做相应的调整，用成相应的过去时态。如：直接引语的时态间接引语的时态备注一般现在时一般过去时重点学一般将来时过去将来时重点学现在进行时过去进行时重点学现在完成时过去

5、完成时重点学一般过去时过去完成时重点学现在进行时过去进行时必学1) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so. She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves around the sun and

6、the moon moves around the earth” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有

7、具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20,1980 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980。直接引语是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时

8、的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。3、 如何变句型(语序)：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引

9、导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me, You have seen the film, havent you?She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me wh

10、ether I had finished the homework.选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when

11、 they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通

12、常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 注意（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要

13、求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist, advise等动词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked.He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .he advis

14、ed me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.四、如何变时间状语和地点状语：指示代词 this -that these- those表示时间的词 now - then today- that day this week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc)yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) beforeth

15、ree days(a year)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词 here -there5、 如何变动词：动词 bring - take come go练习陈述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.” She says 2)She said,”I am a teacher.” She said 一般疑问句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me.

16、He ( ) me 2)“Are you from Japan?”he said to me. He ( ) me 特殊疑问句3)“When does the train arrive?” Please tell me. Please tell me 4)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me. Please told me 祈使句/请求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom. Mother ( ) Tom 2)“open the window.” Mr Li said to me. Mr Li (

17、 ) me 3)“Would you like to show me your book?” Kate says to me. Kate ( ) me Exercise three把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般现在时1)“We go to school on Saturday.” They say 2)“I want to give your sister a Christmas card.” Kelly says 3)“I will visit my daughter in March.” He says 4)She says, “Im glad to meet you.” She t

18、ells us 把直接引语变成间接引语(陈述句)一般过去时5)“I am a teacher.” He said 6)“We are at the coffee shop.” They said 7)“I dont have any books about animals.” Rik told Annie 8)“The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said Exercise four把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般现在时1)I really dont know.“Did they go to the park yesterday?” I

19、 really dont know 2)The principal wants to know.“Do the students study hard?” The principal wants to know 把直接引语变成间接引语(一般疑问句)一般过去时3)They wondered.“Shall we buy some food for picnic?” They wondered 4)“Is your mother a doctor or not?” Lucy asked me. Lucy asked me Exercise five把直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般现在时1)J

20、ack wants to know.“Where does your cousin live?” Jack wants to know 2)Do you know. “Whose book is it?” Do you know 把直接引语变成间接引语(特殊疑问句)一般过去时3)“What do you want?” Sally asked me. Sally asked me 4)“How much sugar shall we put in a cake?” She knew. She knew 把下列的直接引语变为间接引语。1. “I saw a note on my desk.” sh

21、e said. 2. Mother said, “Well go to the park tomorrow.”3. He said to me, “Your brother broke it.”4. Tom said, “My sister was here three days ago.”5. “We stayed there for two weeks.” she told me.6. She said, “I have given up smoking.” 7. “Weve known each other for about three years.” the young man to

22、ld him.8. “I havent seen her these days.” he said. 9. “Mother gave me a new book as a present yesterday.” Mary said.10. “Do you like English or Chinese?” the teacher asked me.11. “What did you do yesterday?” she asked me.12. “Would you like an apple?” mother asked me.13. “Dont open the door.” she sa

23、id to me. 14. “Come here early tomorrow.” the teacher said to us.15. “Did you go to the cinema last night?” she asked.16. “Keep the door closed.” the old man said.17. “Did you go there by train or by bus?” the teacher asked.18. “They are playing on the playground.” Jim said.Homework一、把下列直接引语变成间接引语1H

24、esaid:“Iveleftmybookinmyroom.”_2Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”_3ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”_4Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”_5Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”_6 Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Dontwasteyourtime.”_7Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”_8Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”_9Myfathe

25、rsaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”_10.Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”_11Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents._12Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”_13Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”_14. Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”_15. Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus._16. Mr.Greensaidtothem,

26、“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”_17Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately._18Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”_19 Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”_20.Shesaidtous,“Illcomeheretomorrow.”_21.“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked._22“Ihavegainedthefirstplacei

27、nthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily._23.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls._24. “Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme._25 “Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.二、单项选择1.Heasked_forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch

28、C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.Heaskedme_.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseen thefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.askedtocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.Hes

29、aid_.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6.“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhav

30、ealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8. Heaske

31、d,“Howareyougettingalong?”Heasked_.A. howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematter10.Hesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;dontdoC.toldme;dont

32、doD.toldme;nottodo参考答案1.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.3.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.4.Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.5.TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.6.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.7.ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.8.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.9.Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.10.Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.11.Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.12.Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.13.Theengineersaidhewasatcol