状语从句讲座2010-11-11

1、郑集中学英语组郑集中学英语组When he was young, he loved music .Though they lacked money, his mother managed to buy him a piano.Jay Zhou定义定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。定语或状语，或是整个句子。 准确掌握每一个连词的含义准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。同时要注意主从句的

2、时态呼应。状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别状语从句类别: 时间状语从句时间状语从句 地点状语从句地点状语从句 原因状语从句原因状语从句 目的状语从句目的状语从句 结果状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句条件状语从句 方式状语从句方式状语从句 比较状语从句比较状语从句 让步状语从句让步状语从句1 易混、易错点易混、易错点 (1) when/ as / while He hurried home, looking behind _ he went._ you have seen him, you would be happy._ I was waiting for the b

3、us, I met with a friend.总结总结: 1) as 表示主从句动作表示主从句动作_发生发生,译成译成_ 2)while从句只能跟从句只能跟_动词动词,常用常用_时时 asWhenWhile同时同时一边一边-一边一边延续性延续性进行进行引申义: While I accept the problem is difficult, I dontthink I wont work it out.Some people waste food while others haventenough.As modern industry is developing, there is more

4、and more pollution.Young as I am, I know a lot. Just do as I told you to. As everybody is here, lets begin. 虽然虽然而而随着随着虽然虽然像像因为因为Strike while the iron is hot.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.As every thread of gold is valuable, so every moment of time.(一寸光阴一寸金）As a man sows(播种), so he shall reap (收获

5、 ).A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets takes the place of dreams.(只要一个人还有追求他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想一个人才算老）2) till / until We will work hard until Zhengji Middle School becomes famous all over the country .否定 He didnt go to bed until midnight. 倒装 _ 强调 _ Not unti

6、l it becomes famous all over the country will we give up.It is not until it becomes famous all over the country that we will give up.(1) before 的多种引申义的多种引申义 He hung up before I could answer. It lasted four hours before the fire was controlled. 要过很长时间我们才能再见面要过很长时间我们才能再见面只要三天他就回来了只要三天他就回来了 （还没来得及就（还没来

7、得及就-）（过了（过了-之后才之后才-）It will be a long time before we meet again. 2It will be only three days before he returns.4)It will be three days _ you see him again.5)It will be three oclock _ you see him again.6)It is at three oclock _ youll see him again.7)It is three days _ you saw him last time.beforewhen

8、thatsince(2)hardly / scarcely when, no sooner than, as soon as, directly, immediately, the moment, the minute, 表示“一就” 英译汉：As soon as I have finished it , Ill give you a call. We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived than she started compla

9、ining.He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 1 易混、易错点易混、易错点unless / untilI didnt finish reading the book _ Mum came back.I cant finish the work _ you help me.We are going to have a barbecue _ it rains.结论结论:untilunlessunlessunless强调条件强调条件 而而until 强调时强调时间间if引导的真实条件句和非真实条件句引导的真实条件句和非真实条件句1)_

10、he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. (全国卷全国卷 II ) A If B Since C Though D When2)If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. (天津高考天津高考 ) A had discovered B had been discovered C has discovered D has been discovered AD3)We all know that , _ , the

11、 situation will get worse. (全国全国 ) A not if dealt carefully with B if not carefully dealt with C if dealt not carefully with D not if carefully dealt with4)_fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (湖北高考湖北高考) A Would you be B Should you be C Could you be D Might yo

12、u beBB鲜花店广告：趁着本店玫瑰花这么便宜，你可以买鲜花店广告：趁着本店玫瑰花这么便宜，你可以买几朵送给太太。几朵送给太太。戒烟广告：千万别跟吸烟的女子交朋友，除非你愿戒烟广告：千万别跟吸烟的女子交朋友，除非你愿意吻一只烟灰缸意吻一只烟灰缸(ashtray)。While roses in our shop are so cheap, you can buy some for your wife.You mustnt make friends with girl smokers unless you want to kiss an ashtray.1）no matter后接上后接上who、w

13、hat、where、how等疑问词，也等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。等。 汉译英：汉译英： 无论他说什么无论他说什么, 都别相信他都别相信他. 我会拒绝他给我的任何东西。我会拒绝他给我的任何东西。 2）as也可以引导让步状语从句也可以引导让步状语从句,要用倒装。要用倒装。 Child as (though) he is, he knows a lot. Much as I like it, I wont buy. Tryas he would, he couldnt lift t

14、he heavy box. No matter what he says, dont believe him.I will refuse whatever he gives me.4.地点状语从句地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where, whereverWhere - 在在地方地方Put the medicine where you can easily get it.Where that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.Where there is a wil

15、l, there is a way.Wherever - 无论哪里无论哪里He follows her wherever she goes.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.5.原因状语从句原因状语从句 because, as, since, now that, 和和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示这六个连词都用于表示原因原因, 但在语气上一个比一个但在语气上一个比一个弱弱.Because - 因为因为,通常从句放在通常从句放在主句后主句后.Mr Smith was v

16、ery upset because he couldnt find his luggage.He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.As - 因为因为, 通常放在句首通常放在句首As it is quite windy today, he decides not to go out.As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.Since -因语气较弱因语气较弱, 常译为既常译为既然然Since everybody has come, we

17、can set off.Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax.Now that - 既然既然Now that you are here, you can join us in the discussion.Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.considering that - 顾及到顾及到 ,考虑到考虑到Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing qui

18、te a good job. seeing that - 由于由于 Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput the meeting off. 6.结果状语从句结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that, sothatsuchthatSo that - 太太以至于以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词后面应用形容词或副词, 有时有时省略省略so只用只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.T

19、he flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.Such that -太太以至以至于于 用法与用法与sothat相同，但相同，但such 后面应用名词。后面应用名词。The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.7.目的状语从句目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词引导目的状语从句的主要连词有有:that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lestSo that -

20、 因而，以便，为了因而，以便，为了 有时有时so 可以省去可以省去Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin（箱（箱子）子） too.Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.(So) that - 以便以便, 从句中常常使从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：用一些情

21、态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等等 in order that - 为了为了, 与与so that 相同从句中常常使用一相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等等 School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. for fear that - 生怕生怕; 为了防止为了防止(某事发生某事发生)He took the name down for fear that

22、 he should forget it. The instructor emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.in case - 万一万一 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Please take an umbrella in case it ra

23、ins.8.比较状语从句比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有：引导比较状语从句的连词有：asas, not so (as)as, than, the more the more. asas - 像像一样一样If you dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the airport as early as possible.My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.Cultivation to the mind is as necessary

24、as food for the body.Not so (as) as - 不像不像The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.9. 方式状语从句方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由方式状语从句常由:as, as if, as thoughas -与与 一样一样 When in Rome do as the Romans do. Leave things as they are. as if, as though - 仿佛仿

25、佛, 由由as if或或 as though引导的从句中可引导的从句中可用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting forsomeone. (1) 连接词连接词 + 过去分词过去分词 Dont speak until spoken to. Pressure can be increased when needed. Unless repaired, the washing machine is of no use.(2) 连接词连接词+现在分词现在分词 Look out while crossing

26、the street. She waits outside the door as if waiting for someone在时间和条件等状语从句中在时间和条件等状语从句中,如果主句的主语如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致和从句的主语一致,可以把从句中的主语和可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略动词省略1)他一到达他一到达 郑集中学就发现她在捡废纸。郑集中学就发现她在捡废纸。2 当面对困难的时候，我们应该保持镇静。当面对困难的时候，我们应该保持镇静。 As soon as/ The moment/ The minute/ Directly/ Immediately he arrived at /O

27、n arriving at/On his arrival at Zhengji Middle School, he found her picking up waste paper . When we face / are faced with difficulty, we should keep calm. When facing( faced with difficulty), we should keep calm.3 直到他儿子成为班级的尖子生，他才表扬他儿子。直到他儿子成为班级的尖子生，他才表扬他儿子。4 张德胜试了好多次，但是都被拒绝了。张德胜试了好多次，但是都被拒绝了。 He d

28、idnt praise his son until he became one of the top students in his class.Not until his son became one of the top students in his class did he praise his son.It was not until his son became one of the top students in his class that he praised his son. Having tried many times, Mr Zhang was always refu

29、sed. Although he had tried many times, Mr Zhang was always refused. 1 The sky is covered with harmful substances. We can hardly see the blue sky.状语从句：状语从句： We can hardly see the blue sky_ the sky is covered with harmful substances.得分亮点：得分亮点：_ _ harmful substances, the blue sky can hardly be seen.2 T

30、here are too many cars in Beijing now. Traffic jam has been a headache. 状语从句：状语从句： There are too many cars in Beijing now,_ _ traffic jam has been a headache 得分亮点：得分亮点：_ too many cars, traffic jam has been a headache in Beijing now. becauseCovered withsoWith3.Time permits. A redesign of the city wil

31、l provide a better environment. 状语从句：状语从句：_ time permits, a redesign of the city will provide a better environment. 得分亮点：得分亮点：_ _, a redesign of the city will provide a better environment.IfTime permitting1._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success.A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. W

32、hatever2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easilywalk to the station.A. before B. that C. unless D. when3.-Our holiday cost a lot of money. - Did it ? Well, that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves.(2010江西）江西）A. unless B. as soon as C. though D. as long as4._ problems you have, you can always c

33、ome tome for help.A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which5. _ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.A. How B. Whatever C. However D. No matter6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?- Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her.A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless9. John plays football _ , if not better than, David.A. as