第十一周状语从句

1、第十一周 状 语 从 句一、时间状语从句1when, while, asNancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in Sydney last year.南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩得很开心。I want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。When/While/As I

2、was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边，(一边)”或“随着”。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用

3、。2when的特殊用法Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.(2010全国卷)汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：when还可表原因，意为“既然”。3表示“刚就，一就”的常用表达The

4、moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011辽宁高考)他刚完成演讲学生们

5、就开始欢呼起来。I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when .和once(一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一就”。(2)no soone

6、r . than .，hardly/scarcely . when .的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。4before与sinceYou must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013湖南高考)在做任何决定之前，你必须学会顾及自己的情感和理智。John thinks it

7、 wont be long before he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西高考)约翰认为他不久就会为他的新工作做好准备。It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.(2014山西四校模拟)几年之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011四川高考)据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。(1)before表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来

8、得及就，在之前”。(2)It will be一段时间before .“多久之后才”。(3)It wont be long before .“不久之后就”。(4)It was一段时间before .“过了多久才”。(5)It is一段时间since .“自从多久了”。5表示“每次；下一次”的常用表达Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你来这里的时候，一定记着把你儿

9、子带来。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当；每次；下次”等。6till, until和not . untilHave you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？I wont tell the student the an

10、swer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)not . until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。二、地点状语从句A number of high buildings have arisen w

11、here there was nothing a year ago but ruins. (2012山东高考)很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。Where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。Where(ver) theres plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。1地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。三、条件状语从句She says that shell have

12、 to close the shop unless business improves.(2013江西高考)她说如果生意还没有起色的话，她就不得不把店关掉。You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.(2012江西高考)只要你答应不开得太快，我可以把车借给你。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。Suppose/Supposing (that) they r

13、efuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(if . not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一), on condition that(条件是), suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。四、让步状语从句Although regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to b

14、edtime.尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.(2012湖南高考)不论你怎么努力，你如果不减少进食的量就很难减肥。Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。Much as I like it,

15、I wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A(2012湖南高考)虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。引导让步状语从句的连词1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。2whether . or .(不管还是)；疑问词ever(不管；无论)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等；no

16、matter疑问词(不管；无论)。3as或though引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序。4从属连词while, when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。五、原因状语从句Mum, could I go out to play now?Let me see . Yes, since you have finished all your school assignments.妈妈，现在我可以出去玩吗？让我想想，是的，既然你已经把所有的学习任务完成。Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件

17、事。Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你一定知道了。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然), now that, seeing that, considering that(考虑到)。六、方式状语从句The house was greatly damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保

18、持原样直到警察到来。Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做你就怎么做，否则你会被解雇。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。七、结果状语从句Mike is such an honest worker that we

19、 all believe in him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。He was so clever a student that he was able to wo

20、rk out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。1引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so . that ., such . that .。在非正式语体中，由so . that ., such . that .引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such . as to .八、目的状

21、语从句When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so t

22、hat, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest等。1in order that, so that两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。2for fear that, in case (that)引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。考点一|时间状语从句1(2013陕西高考)I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroa

23、d.AsinceBuntilCbeforeDwhen2(2012山东高考)He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. Aas BifCunless Dthough考点二|地点状语从句3(2012四川高考)If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.Awhy BwhereCwho Dwhat考点三|条件状语从句4(2013重庆高考)_ we have enough evidence, we ca

24、nt win the case.AOnce BAs long asCUnless DSince5(2010江西高考)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough考点四|让步状语从句6(2013江苏高考)In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic p

25、ossibilities around the world.Awhatever BwhoeverCwherever Dwhichever7(2013辽宁高考)One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.Ahow BwhatCwhen Dwhere考点五|原因状语从句8(2013山东高考)Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.Aunless BuntilCalthoug

26、h Dsince9(2012重庆高考)Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless考点六|方式状语从句10(2011湖南高考)Jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever. Aas if Bin case Cwhile Dthough1(2014临沂一

27、中模拟)Mr. Smith doesnt go to his usual club, _ it is being decorated these days.Afor ByetCso Dor2(2014绵阳一诊)Try to be friends with your children, _ you will really know what they are thinking about.Aso BorCand Dbut3(2014吉林长春第二次调研)Stand over there, _ you wont be able to see it more clearly.Aif BbutCor Dand4Id love to find a job combining my major and interest upon graduation _ I can fully develop my potential.Aso that Bas thoughCin case Deven if5(2014泰安市模拟)We were going to go shopping last Friday _ it began to rain cats and dogs.Aafter BwhenCwhile Db