MedicalTerminologyAWordBuildingApproach7thEditionricech07

1、a word-building approach copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricechapter seventh editionmuscular system7 copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building appro

2、ach, seventh editionjane rice describe the muscular system. describe the three basic types of muscle tissue. explain the primary functions of muscles. analyze, build, spell, and pronounce medical words. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building

3、 approach, seventh editionjane rice comprehend the drugs highlighted in this chapter. describe diagnostic and laboratory tests related to the muscular system. identify and define selected abbreviations. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building

4、 approach, seventh editionjane rice the muscular system is composed of all the muscles in the body and works in coordination with the skeletal and nervous systems. muscles provide the mechanism for movement of the body. produce heat. help maintain posture and stability. copyright 2012 by pearson edu

5、cation, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice muscles make up approximately 42% of body weight. muscles are composed of long, slender cells known as fibers. each muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue and encl

6、osed in a fibrous sheath or fascia. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane riceinsert table 7-1 copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh

7、 editionjane ricefigure 7.1skeletal muscle consists of a group of fibers held together by connective tissue. it is enclosed in a fibrous sheath (fascia). copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice each fiber wi

8、thin a muscle receives its own nerve impulses and has its own stored supply of glycogen as fuel for energy. blood and lymphatic vessels in muscle tissue supply nutrition and oxygen to muscles. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach,

9、 seventh editionjane rice as a person grows older: the number and size of muscle fibers diminish the water content of tendons is reduced decrease in handgrip strength can make performing routine activities such as opening a jar or turning a key more difficult. copyright 2012 by pearson education, in

10、c.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane riceclick on the screenshot to view an animation of the muscular system.back to directory copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editi

11、onjane rice three basic types of muscles: skeletal smooth cardiac composed of striated or smooth muscle tissue and classified according to their functions and appearance. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane r

12、icefigure 7.2types of muscle tissue. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice skeletal muscle also known as voluntary or striated muscle. controlled by the conscious part of the brain and attaches to the bone

13、s. has a cross-striped appearance (striated). varies in size, shape, arrangement of fibers, and means of attachment to bones. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.3selected skeletal muscles and th

14、e achilles tendon (anterior and posterior view). copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane riceinsert table 7-2 copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building appr

15、oach, seventh editionjane ricetable 7.2 (continued)selected skeletal muscles copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice the process of skeletal muscle movement contractility extensibility excitability elasticit

16、y copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice a newborns movements are uncoordinated and random. muscular development proceeds from head to foot and from the center of the body to the periphery. head and neck mu

17、scles are the first ones that the baby can control. a baby can hold his head up before he can sit erect. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice muscles have three distinguishable parts: the body or main por

18、tion. the origin (the more fixed attachment of the muscle to the stationary bone). the insertion (the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that it moves). copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice means

19、 of attachment for skeletal muscle: tendon (a band of connective tissue, varies in length from less than 1 inch to more than 1 foot). aponeurosis (a wide, thin, sheetlike tendon). copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh edit

20、ionjane rice muscles and nerves function together as a motor unit. skeletal muscles perform in groups and are classified as follows: antagonist prime mover or agonist synergist copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh edition

21、jane ricefigure 7.4coordination of antagonist muscles to perform movement. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice smooth muscle also called involuntary, visceral, or unstriated. not controlled by the consci

22、ous part of the brain. under the control of the autonomic nervous system. includes muscles of internal organs of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract plus certain muscles of the eye and skin. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building a

23、pproach, seventh editionjane rice cardiac muscle muscle of the heart (myocardium) is involuntary but striated in appearance. under control of the autonomic nervous system. has specialized neuromuscular tissue located within the right atrium. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserv

24、ed.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice cardiac muscle contraction can occur even without an initial nervous input because of pacemaker cells. cardiac muscle cells rely on an ample blood supply to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products, such as c

25、arbon dioxide. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice in the older adult, the heart muscle becomes less able to propel the large amount of blood that is needed by the body. this makes a person feel tired mo

26、re quickly, and it takes longer for recovery to occur. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice muscles are responsible for movement. the types of movement are: locomotion, when chemical energy is changed int

27、o mechanical energy. propulsion of substances through tubes, as in circulation and digestion. changes in the sizes of openings, as in the contraction and relaxation of the iris of the eye. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, sev

28、enth editionjane rice muscles help to maintain posture and produce heat. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.5common sites of amputation. (a) upper extremities. (b) lower extremities. the surgeon

29、 determines the level of amputation based on blood supply and tissue condition. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.6lipoatrophy, wrist. (courtesy of jason l. smith, md.) copyright 2012 by pearso

30、n education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.7dupuytrens contracture. (courtesy of jason l. smith, md.) copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionj

31、ane rice dactylospasm dermatomyositis diaphragm diathermy copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.8dermatomyositis. (courtesy of jason l. smith, md.) copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all righ

32、ts reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.9diaphragm, the major muscle of breathing. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.10the 18 tender points o

33、f fibromyalgia. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice md can affect people of all ages. no specific treatment exists for any of the forms of md. physical therapy, orthopedic appliances, and corrective orth

34、opedic surgery could be needed to improve the quality of life in some cases. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.11this young boy with muscular dystrophy needs to receive tube feedings and home n

35、ursing care. he attends school when possible and is able to use an adapted computer. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.12gowers maneuver (a) and (b) the child first maneuvers to a position supp

36、orted by arms and legs. (c) the child next pushes off the floor and rests one hand on the knee. (d) and (e) the child then pushes himself upright. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane riceinsert table 7-3 copy

37、right 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricetable 7.3 (continued)types of patient positions copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionj

38、ane ricefigure 7.13total hip prosthesis. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane ricefigure 7.14giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. (courtesy of jason l. smith, md.) copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all ri

39、ghts reserved.medical terminology: a word-building approach, seventh editionjane rice skeletal muscle relaxants skeletal muscle stimulants neuromuscular blocking agents anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-bu

40、ilding approach, seventh editionjane rice aldolase (ald) blood test test performed on serum that measures ald enzyme present in skeletal and heart muscle. calcium blood test test performed on serum to determine levels of calcium. copyright 2012 by pearson education, inc.all rights reserved.medical terminology: a word-building a