英语必修5moudle1

1、.单词荟萃1. confusing_ adj.使人困惑的 _confused_ adj. 感到困惑的confuse v使人困惑；混淆2. _differ_v. 不同，有区别 different adj. 有区别的，不同的 _difference_ n. 区别，差异3. _variety_ n. 种类variation n. 变化_various_ adj.各种各样的 _vary_ v. 变化，不同4. _announcement_n通告；宣告；通知 _announce_ vt.通告，宣告announcer n广播员，播音员5add v增加 _addition_ n. 增添，增加 _additi

2、onal_ adj.附加的，另外的_additional_adv. 另外6. _simplify_ v. 简化 simple adj.简单的 _simply_ adv.简单地，仅仅7. combination n. 组合，结合_combine_ v. 组合，结合8. _criticize_v批评 _criticism_ n. 批评 critical adj. 批评的9. _reference_n. 参考，查阅 refer v谈及，提及，涉及，参考.短语检测1有相同的特点 havein common 2有影响；使不相同 make a difference 3充满，填满 fill up 4四处走动

3、(旅行) get around5. 排队等候 queue up/stand in line6. 把A与B相比 compare A with B 7毕竟；终究 after all 8做某事有困难 have difficulty (in)doing sth.9引起，导致；通向 lead to 10(偶然)学会 pick up 11同意；支持 in favour of 12称A为B refer to A as B 13幸亏；多亏 thanks to 14毕业于 graduate from 15消失 wear off.佳句再现1. It doesnt _ make much of a differen

4、ce whether_ a teacher speaks British _or_ American English.老师说英国英语还是说美国英语没有多大影响。2. The other two areas _in which_ the two varieties _differ_ are spelling and pronunciation. 在两种英语中另外两个领域的区别是拼写和发音。3. The British use prepositions _where_ Americans sometimes _omit_ them英国人使用介词的地方，美国人有时省略4When the Irish

5、writer George Bernard Shaw _made the_ _famous remark_ that the British and the Americans are two nations _divided_ by a common language, he was obviously _thinking about_ the differences.当爱尔兰作家萧伯纳讲那句名言英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族的时候，他显然想到了他们的区别。5. _After all_ , there is probably _as much variation_ of pronun

6、ciation within the two countries as between them.毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两个国家之间的口音差别一样多。6A Londoner _has more difficulty understanding_ a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话可能比听懂纽约人讲话更难。7This nonstop communication, the experts think, _has made it easier_ for British pe

7、ople and Americans _to understand each other_ . 专家们认为，这种不间断的交流使得英国人和美国人彼此理解变得更容易了。8But it has also _led to_ lots of American words and structures _passing into_ British English, _so that_ some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但是，这也导致了大量的美语单词和结构进入英式英语。结果，现在许多人都认为英式英语将会消失。9. _By

8、 the 1850s _it was selling one million copies a year, _making it_ one of the most popular school books _ever_ .到19世纪50年代时，这本书每年都销售一百万册，使它成为最受欢迎的学校用书之一。1.besides, but, except 1. 基本区别 三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有”；而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如： Besides his wife，his daughter a

9、lso went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。 Nobody went to see him except /but his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。*注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除之外不再有 ”，与but, except 同义。如： No one passed the exam besides /except Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。2. 关于 but 与 except (1) 两者都可表示“除外不再有”，但含义上略有差别：but侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧

10、重指后面除去的部分。比较： All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。 All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。 (2) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首。如： 除我之外每个人都累了。 正：Everyone is tired but (except) me. 正：Everyone but (except) me is tired. 误：But (Except) me, everyone is tired.*注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思： 正：Except for me, everyone is

11、 tired.3. 关于 except 与 except for： except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如： All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。 His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。*注：若用于句首，则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。2.divide与

12、separate（1）.separate意为“分开”，侧重表示把原来在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来，分开后的部分具有相对的独立性。它常与介词from连用。另外它还有“分离、分手”的意思。如： The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones 孩子们正在把好苹果与坏苹果分开。 England is separated from France by the Channel 英吉利海峡把英国和法国分开。 We walked until midnight and then separated 我们散步到午夜才分手。 （2）.divi

13、de 意为“分割；分开”，强调把一个整体按等量或一定比例分开。它常与into连用。 The exam is divided into two parts3.prefer的用法1.prefer sth 喜欢某物 。如： He comes from Shanghai, so he prefers rice. 他是上海人，因此更喜欢吃米饭。 2.prefer doing sth 喜欢干某事 。如： I prefer going by bike.我宁愿骑单车去。 3.prefer sb to do sth 喜欢干某事 。如： I prefer you to go at once.我倒希望你马上就走。

14、4.prefer A to B 喜欢做A，不喜欢作B 。如： I prefer tea to coffee. 我喜欢茶胜过咖啡。 5.prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A，不喜欢作B 。如： I prefer swimming to skating. 我喜欢游泳胜过滑冰。 6.prefer to do A raher than do B 喜欢做A，不喜欢作B .如： I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。7.prefer to do A than do B 喜欢做A，不喜欢作B 。如： I prefer

15、to go at once than stay here.我愿意马上就走也不愿呆在这儿。 4comparevt. 比较；相比(1)compare A with B 把A与B相比compare A _ B 把A比作Bcompared with/to 和比起来(通常作状语)compare notes 交换意见；交流看法(2)beyond compare 无与伦比的；举世无双的【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子(1)That car is a real beauty. This one _cant compare with_ it. 那辆车真的很美，这一辆无法与之相比。(2)Scientists s

16、ometimes _compare_ the human brain _to_ a computer.科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。5differvi. (to be different from sth. in some way) 不同，有区别； (to disagree, not share the same opinion)有异议，(意见)有分歧 (1)differ (widely/greatly)in (from sb./sth.) 在方面(与大)不相同differ with sb. (about/on/upon/over sth.) (在某事上)与某人意见不同(2)different a

17、dj. 不同的difference n. 差异，区别be different from 与不同tell the difference between 说出之间的区别make a difference 有影响；使不同；起作用【活学活用】(1)Humans facial expressions _differ from those_ of animals. (differ) 人类的面部表情与动物的不同。(2)Our opinions _differ greatly/widely_ on this matter. (differ) 在这个问题上我们的观点很不一致。6.Suggest的用法1.要表示汉

18、语的“建议做某事”，英语通常用 suggest doing sth，而不能用 suggest to do sth；2.“建议某人做某事”，但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth，而说suggest sbs sb doing sth；3.要表示向某人提出某情况，suggest后不能接双宾语，即不能用suggest sb sth，而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如： 他建议坐飞机去，可我认为这样花费太大。 正：He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 误：He sugge

19、sted to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much. 他建议我们早点动身。 正：He suggested that we leave earlier. 误：He suggested us to leave earlier. 我向她提出一个解决问题的办法。 正：I suggested a way out to her. 误：I suggested her a way out. 当然，我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思(注意谓语用 “should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式)。如： I suggest that we

20、 (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。比较以下同义表达：他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说。正：He suggested not saying anything till they heard the facts.正：He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts.正：He suggested that they should not say anything till they heard the facts. suggest 后接宾语从句时，从谓语既可用陈

21、述语气，也可用虚拟语气，其区别与 suggest所表示的意思有关，若suggest 表示“建议”，则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义，则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如： She suggested that I (should) be the leader. 她提议由我来做领导人。 What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 Are you suggesting that Im not suited for the

22、 job? 你的意思是说我不适合做这 。*注：按英语习惯，suggest的派生名词suggestion也具有与其词根动词相似的用法，如当suggestion表示“建议”时，若其后接一个that引导的宾语从句，则该从句也习惯上要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如： The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议，引起了激烈的争论。 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from th

23、e team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。7 presentvt. (to give or hand over sth. to sb., esp. formally at a ceremony)颁发，赠送；(to give a speech in which you offer an idea, plan, etc. to be considered or accepted)陈述；(to show or describe sb. or sth.)呈现，介绍n. 礼物；现在 adj. 出席的，在场的；现在的，现存的(1)present sth. to sb./present sb. with s

24、th.向某人赠送(展示、表达)某物(2)_at_ present 目前，现在for the present 目前，眼下；暂且(3)be present at 在场，到场【温馨提示】 在场的，出席的：people present at thepresent adj. meeting (后置定语) 当前的，现在的：our present difficulties(前置定 语)【活学活用】根据语境判断present在下列句中的含义 Who will present the prizes at the closing ceremony? _颁发_ I dont like the way the mov

25、ie presents its characters. _呈现_(3)You must present your passport to the customs officer. _出示_(4)The touching scene is still present in my mind. _存在的_8attemptn. & v. (to make an effort to accomplish sth.; to try to do sth.) 试图，尝试(1)attempted adj. 企图的；未遂的(2) attempt to do sth.attempt at doing sth.mak

26、e an attempt to do sth. 尝试(试图)做某事【活学活用】He _attempted to escape/attempted at escaping/made an attempt to escape from prison, but he couldnt find anybody to help him. 他试图从监狱逃跑，但找不到人帮他。1havein common 有相同的特点(1)have much/a lot/a great deal in common with与有很多共同之处 have not much/nothing/little in common wit

27、h 与没多少/没有共同之处(2)in common with sb./sth. 与一样(3)in common 共有；共用；共同【活学活用】(1)Their methods _have nothing in common_ . 他们的方法没有相同之处。(2)_In common with_ many others, she applied for a training place. 和许多人一样，她申请参加训练。2make a/some/no/little etc. difference(to sb./sth.)(to have an important/no/little effect or

28、 influence on sth. or sb.) (对某人或某事)(没)有影响；(不)起作用【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子It _makes no difference to me_ whether you stay or go. 你留下还是离开对我来说无所谓。2英译汉A few kind words at the right time make all the difference. _在适当的时候说几句贴心的话效果迥然不同_3after all(in spite of what has been said, done or expected)终究， 归根结底 (表示结果与预想的不同

29、，多置于句尾)；(to be used to say that sth. should be remembered or considered)毕竟，别忘了(导出原因，多置于句首) all in all总的说来 not at all 一点儿也不；不用谢 in all 一共； 总计 _above_ all 首先；尤其是；最重要的是【活学活用】根据语境用all短语填空(1)_All in all_ , it was a great success. (2)Do you mind if I stay a little longer?No, _not at all_ . (3)_In all_ , t

30、here were 215 candidates. (4)He is strong, brave and,_ above all_ , honest. (5)You should forgive him for his forgetfulness;_ after all_ , he is over seventy. 4refer to提到，谈及；涉及，与有关；查阅，参考refer toas把称作referto 将送交给(以获得帮助等)【活学活用】根据语境选择refer to合适的意义a. to mention or speak about someone or somethingb. to l

31、ook at a book, map, piece of paper, etc. for informationc. to be relevant to sb./sth.; to concern sb./sth.(1)What I have to say refers to all of you. _c_(2)He gave the speech without referring to his notes. _b_(3)When I said someone was stupid, I wasnt referring to you._a (4)The children like referr

32、ing to him as “Grandpa Li”. _a_1 It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.（1）.whether和if均可用来引导主语从句，但if引导的从句不能位于句首。如： Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他们是赢是输於我都一样.（此时whether不能换作if ） Its doubtful whether therell be any seats left. 说不上还有没有空

33、座位了. (此句whether能换作if) (2).whether和if均可用来引导宾语从句。如： I dont know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能来. She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她问我是否有兴趣为她工作。( *注: 在两个供选择的从句之间若用or字, 则须重复whether一字. ) I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any

34、assistance. 我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的. *注: 当强调宾语从句并将其提前时只能用whether。如: Whether Ill have time to go with you I am not sure.我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。 从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。如: She was undecided about whether she should accept his offer.她拿不定主意应该不应该接受他的好意。 当whether和or not连用时，只用whether不用if。当or not放在whether引导的从句句尾，则可

35、以 用if来替换。如: I dont know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回来。 Ill be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴。（4） 动词discuss，decide,consider等后习惯上也常用Whether引导从句，不用if。如： They discussed whether they should leave at once.他们讨论了是否应该马上离开。 We discussed whether the house should be sold. 我们讨论了这房子

36、是否应卖掉。 （5）当whether和or 连用表示明确的选择时，只用whether不用if。如: He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。 He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他开车去还是坐火车去, 犹豫不决。(3).表语从句用whether引导不用if. 如: The doubt was whether you had broken the beautiful vase. 疑问是你是否打坏

37、了这只漂亮的花瓶。(4). 同位语从句用whether引导不用if. 如: The question whether well build another lecture building hasnt been settled. 是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。(5). 在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。如: The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna. 问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳. She doesnt knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道

38、。2A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人讲话可能比听懂纽约人讲话更难。句型公式“做某事很费劲/有困难”：havedifficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.havedifficulty/trouble with sth.There isdifficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.【相关拓展】have a hard time (i

39、n) doing sth.做某事有些艰难【活学活用】1根据汉语意思完成句子I _had great difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing_ the work. 做这份工作我遇到了很大的困难。2单项填空Can you imagine what difficulty he had _C_ the work?A. to do B. do C. doing D. done3However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters a

40、ll speaking with different accents然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员操着不同的口音【句式点拨】find表示“发现/觉得处于某种状态”时，后面可以加复合宾语： doingfind sb./oneself/sth. done (to be) adj./n.prep. phrase【温馨提示】(1)当该结构中宾语是oneself时，常表示主语“不知不觉发现自己”。(2)find后面所跟的不定式作宾补一般是to be adj./n., to be往往省略， 普通的实义动词不能用于该结构。【活学活用】(1)She woke to _f

41、ind her father standing_ by her bed. 她醒来发现爸爸正站在床边。(2)When she opened her eyes, she _found herself in a different world_ . 当她睁开眼睛的时候，发现自己在一个不同的世界里。(3)He made for the door and _found it locked_ . 他走向门，发现门锁了。 .单词拼写1.He likes to collect varieties_ of stamps.2.You need to p_resent_ your ideas to your man

42、ager clearly. 3.The situation in this country is improving _steadily_ (稳定地)4It was obvious_ to everyone that the child had been badly treated. 5My r_emarks_ were not aimed at you. .选词填空fill up， get around， after all， in favour of， make a difference1The sea air has _made a difference_ to her health.2

43、. My mother was against my plan while my father spoke _in favour of_ it.3. You shouldnt scold him for the mistake. _After all_ , he is just a boy of 5.4. The girl asked me to _fill_ her car _up_ .5. I have been here for half a year, but havent _got around_ the town so far. .单项填空12010福建卷 In this day

44、and age，women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more.Its great to have the two _D_.A. linked B. relatedC. connected D. combined2In order not to worry his parents, he never told them about the difficulty he had _A_ his own company. A. setting up B. having set up C. to set up D. set up32

45、011湖北卷 The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _D_ though slow.Ashaky BheavyCcasualDsteady4Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _D_ with his old one.Acomparing BcomparesCto compare Dcompared5The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _B_his notes. Abringing up Breferring toClooking for Dtrying on62011安徽卷 To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，_B_，honest.A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after all7.The two kinds of cellphones differ _B_ shape, but they are similar _ e