虚拟语气,倒装句

1、 课前检测1、 单词默写1. 友好的，外向的 2. 在意，计较3. 打败（写出与win的不同点） 4. 超出 5. 注释，说明 6. 两者都 7. 然而8. 必要的，必须的（写出做某事是必须的，句型） 9. 有些相似之处（词组） 10. 虽然，即使11. 相反的观点 12. 笑13. 搅拌器 14. 将牛奶倒入茶杯中15. 打开电灯 16. 切碎17. 用法说明 18. 混合在一起19. 把加到上 20. 煮沸21. 一片面包 22. 一汤匙糖23. 最后，最终 24. 极好的25. 核对，检查 26. 卷，裹 (v.)知识梳理 虚拟语气：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客

2、观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。1. 由if引导的条件状语从句 1) 与现在事实相反：从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were); 主句用情态动词(would/should/could/might) + v. 2) 与过去事实相反：从句中谓语动词用had done; 主句中用would/should/could/might + have + done 3) 与将来事实相反：从句谓语动词用A.过去式B. were to+v. C. should+v. ; 主语用would/should/could/might + v.例：If I were you, I would stu

3、dy English harder now. (对现在的虚拟)If he were here now, we could ask him questions. (对现在的虚拟)If you had taken the teachers advice last time, you wouldnt have failed the examination. (对过去的虚拟)If it were to rain(rained, should rain) tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (对将来的虚拟)if 引导的虚拟语气从句(if条件句)主

4、句与过去的事实相反had done情+have done与现在的事实相反were/did情+do与将来的事实相反should/were to do/ did情+do 4) 错综时间有时候从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在，这时候动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例：If he had come yesterday, he could join us now. 5) if的省略句如果if从句的谓语动词是were, had, should时，可以省略if，但必须倒装。例：Were I you, I would study English harder.Had you been here earli

5、er, you would have seen him.Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 6) without, but for可以代替条件状语从句例：without the Party, there would be no new China. = If there were no Party, there would be no new China.But for your help, I couldnt have finished my job in time. = If you had not h

6、elped me, I couldnt have finished2. 在以下几类词后面的从句中，谓语动词用(should) do；如果是被动语态，则为(should) be done这些词有，动词：order, demand, suggest, propose, request, require, insist, recommend, command 名词：order, demand, suggestion, proposal, request, advice等例：the doctor suggested that she (should) stay in bed for another t

7、hree days.We insisted she go with us.The teacher demanded the job be done at once.注：suggest作“暗示”、“说明”解释时不用虚拟语气 Insist作“坚称”“强调”解释时，往往说明已发生的事情，不用虚拟语气例：He insisted that he had been to Shanghai.(强调说)The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with us. (说明)We all agreed to his suggestion that w

8、e (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.The old professor gave an order that the experiment be finished before Saturday. 记忆：ARRRdisco记忆以上词3. wish后面的宾语从句的用法及if only引导的感叹句表示现在的愿望从句谓语动词用过去式were/ did表示过去的愿望从句谓语动词用had done表示将来的愿望从句谓语动词用would/should + do例：I wish it were July now.I wish you could go with

9、us tomorrow.We wish they had arrived two hours earlier.If only I had taken his advice last week! (要是上星期听他的忠告该多么好啊！)If only I were a bird!4. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ strange that + (should) do例：it is necessary/ important/ natural/ that we should clean our classroom every day. It was a pit

10、y/ no wonder that you (should) be careful. (很遗憾/毫无疑问你应该小心一点。)5. It is (high) time (that) + 过去式/should + do (should不可省, be用were)，意为：现在(早)该例：It is (high) time we studied hard. (现在是该努力学习的时候了。) It is time we had/ should have lunch. (是我们该吃午饭的时候了。)6. as if/though, even if/though 引导的表语从句或状语从句当说话人认为句子所述的是不真

11、实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下： （1）如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时例：You look as if you didnt care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。 He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 （2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”例：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。 The girl listened as if she had b

12、een turned to stone. 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。 （3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“wouldcouldmight动词原形”例：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。 It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。注：as if从句用陈述语气的情况当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。例：It sounds as if it is raining 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is

13、drunk 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。7. 用于“may + 动词原形”结构中，表示“祝愿”，“但愿”例：May you succeed!May you be happy!倒装句英语的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时候由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装语序。谓语动词完全移到主语前叫完全倒装。只将助动词或情态动词移到主语之前叫部分倒装。完全倒装：1. 以副词there, here, away, in, out, up, down, off, now, then等开头的句子例：There is a leaning tower in the city of Pisa. There be

14、/ exist/ happen/ live/ rise/ stand/ seemThere goes the bell.Here comes the bus.Suddenly the door opened and in came Mr. Smith.2. 分词+be+主语 Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. 部分倒装：1. 虚拟语气中，had/should/were提前例：Were I you (= if I were you), I would go to the United States.Should there be a

15、flood (= if there should be a flood), what should we do?Had they finished their job (= if they had finished their job), they would have told us.2. 以never, hardly, little, no sooner, not only, not until等含有否定意义的词开头的句子例：Never have I heard such a thing. (我从未听说过这样的事情。)Little does she care what she wears.

16、 (她对穿的不太在乎。)No sooner had he finished his task than a student stood up and put forward a question. (他的讲话刚结束就有一个学生站起来提出一个问题。)注：no sooner (过去完成时)than (过去时) (no sooner后句子要部分倒装)3. 以not onlybut also连接两个句子，前一分句要倒装，后一分句不倒装例：Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship. (不仅他所有的

17、一切都被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。)4. 在no soonerthan, hardlywhen句型中，意为：一就例：No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. = hardly had I got home when it began to rain.5. 以not until开头的句子例：Not until his father came back did the boy watch TV. = the boy didnt watch TV until his father came back. Not until he re

18、turned did I leave. 6. 以only+状语短语/句子开头的句子例：Only in this way can we learn English well.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (只有在1918年战争结束后他才能开心地重返工作岗位。)7. 以so, neither, nor开头的句子例：He is a teacher. So am I. (我也是。)He didnt go there. Neither/ nor did I.注：- It was ve

19、ry cold yesterday.- So it was. (的确)8. 以such开头的句子例：Such would be our home in the future. (我们未来的家庭就是这样的。) Such was Albert Einstein. (爱因斯坦就是这样一个人。)9. as引导的让步状语从句(表语或状语常放在句首，very, a/an要省略)例：Young as he is, he knows a lot.Hard as he worked, he made little progress.Hero as he is, he has shortcomings. 10.

20、用于某些表祝愿的句子例：May you succeed! (祝你成功！)Long live the Peoples Republic of China!课堂练习虚拟语气练习：1. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have

21、brought C. brought D. bring3. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were4. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened5. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tr

22、ied C. have tried D. didnt try6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had a

23、ttended C. would attend D. would have attended8. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 9. The two strangers talks as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It is high time we _ up our resul

24、ts. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum11 The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes12. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could

25、 not have succeeded C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded13. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take14. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt r

26、ead D. didnt read15. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York? A. had gone B. should go C. go D. will go16. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set17. Your advice t

27、hat_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited18. It was essential that we_ lease（条约、合同） before the end of the month. A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing19. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone20.

28、He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been倒装句练习：1I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy! A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt2Not until I began to work _how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did

29、I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 3No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B.has the game begunC. did the game begin D.had the game begun4. So difficult _it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well. A. Ive felt B have I felt C. I

30、did feel D. did I feel5_it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will6-I dont think I can walk any further. -_, lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I dont think so D. I think so7_, I have never seen anyone whos as

31、 capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so muchC. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much8_, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is5. Your father is ve

32、ry strict with you._. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he6. _ today， he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave7. Never in my life _ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seen have I hear

33、d or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see8. Here _！ Where is Xiao Liu? There _.A. comes the bus，is he B. comes the bus，he is C. the bus comes，is he D. the bus comes， he is9. _， I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much10. I

34、like football. I dont like volleyball. _.A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me11. _ the expense, I _ to Italy.A. If it were not， go B. Were it not for， would go C. Werent it for， will go D. If it hadnt been， would have gone12. So _ in the darkness that he didnt dare to m

35、ove an inch.A. he was frightened B. was he frightenedC. frightened he was D. frightened was he13. In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes. Yes, _ and_. After all, our life has greatly improved.A. so do they，so do you B. so they do，so you do C. so do they，so you do D. so they do，so do you14. You

36、 have an English class every day except Sunday. _.A. So we have B. So we do C. So have we D. So do we15. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _, so _ mine.A. does, will B. will, does C. will, would D. does, do课后作业虚拟语气练习：21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for age

37、s.A. has been B. was C. is D. had been22. It is important that the TOEFL _office your registration. A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm23. If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told24. I had hoped that John _a year

38、in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend25. Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt26. Everybody has arrived. Its time we the class. A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. should star

39、t27. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for28.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken29. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a

40、 few books on world history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read30. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling31._ the fog, we should have reached our destination.A. Becaus

41、e of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for32. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ _ in the experiment. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeed C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded33. The Law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. ha

42、d C will have D. have34. I recommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing35. I would have called you up for help had it been possible, but I _ your phone number then.A. hadnt had B. didnt hav

43、e C. shouldnt have D. couldnt have36. Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be37. I wish I_ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see38. Had you listened to the doctor, you_ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. wo

44、uld have been39._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave40.He is talking so much about America as if he_ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water. It looks as if it_.A. breaks B. had

45、 broken C. were broken D. had been broken42. He treated me as though_ his own son.A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were43. If only I_ a car of my own.A. have B. had C. would love D. should have44.Look at the trouble Im in ! If only I_ your advice.(2003上海)A. followed B. would follow C. had followe

46、d D. should follow45. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie倒装句练习：1._ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat2._ and the lesson began.A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came C. In came he

47、 D. came in Mr Brown3. Over _ , dead.A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled4.Where is my shirt, mum? _.A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it5. Where is your father? Oh, _.A. here he comes B. he here comes C. here does he come D. here comes he

48、6. The door opened and there _.A. enters an old man B. entered an old manC. did an old man enter D. an old man entered7. Now _ your turn to recite the text.A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is8. Often _ them not to smoke here.()A. we advised B. advised we C. did we advise D. had we advised9

49、._ playing soldiers.A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boysC. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys10. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. are hanging B. hanged C. hang D. hangs 11._ who was wounded in the stomach.A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldierC. Among them a soldier was