锦绣前程Unit4

1、Unit4Behind beliefs新鲜预读Reading： idiom meaning misunderstand Bible Greek translate originally underline image come from animal bibllical language example improve comprehension communication skills English-speaking carrierProject：Buddhist temple remind Emperor palace hall interpreter his dream officia

2、ls monk White House refer to vary architecture be shaped like in use history destruction friendship state protection tourist attraction 专项攻关 词汇和短语：1. expression 1) n.“词语；表情；表达”。例句： “Shut up!” is not a polite expression.“住嘴!” 不是一句礼貌用语。I could tell from his expression that he was angry.我从他的表情看出他生气了。 H

3、is clear expression of the plan made it easy for us to understand. 他清楚地说明了计划，我们很容易明白。仿句：彼得拉看着自己盘子里的食物，面露厌恶的表情。_.Keys: Petra looked at her plate with an expression of disgust.2) express v. 表达,表示例句：I cant express how grateful I am. 我说不出我有多么感激。仿句：学会把意思表达清楚是受教育的一个重要方面。_.Keys: Learning to express oneself

4、 well is an important part of education. 2. translate into 将译成,相当于 putinto例句：Can you help me translate this poem into English? 你能帮我把这首诗译成英文吗？仿句：你能把这句话翻译成英语吗？_.Keys: Can you translate the sentence into English? 3. by and by 相当于短语 later on 例句：The clouds will disappear by and by. 乌云不久就要消散了。 仿句： 河里的冰不久就

5、会溶化。 _.Keys:By and by the ice in the river will melt. 4. underline1) v. 强调，加强例句：The report underlines the importance of protecting the environment. 这篇报道强调了保护环境的重要性。仿句：他在会议上强调的是每个人必须知道他们应该做的。_.Keys: What he underlined at the meeting is that everyone must know what they should do 2）v. 在下划线例句：The teach

6、er asked the students to read the text and underline the words that they didnt understand. 老师叫同学们阅读课文并划出他们不理解的词语。仿句：划出这些关键词，下次你们就可以轻松地认识它们。_.Keys ：Underline the key words, and you can easily recognize them the next time.5. mend ones ways 1) 改邪归正，改过自新例句：In the past, he was a troublemaker, but now he

7、has mended his ways. 过去，他是个惹事生非的人，但现在已经改邪归正了。 仿句：如果David不改邪归正，他将不会毕业。_.Keys ：If David doesnt mend his ways, he will not be able to graduate.2) 相关短语：find ones way out 找到出路feel ones way 摸索着前进fight ones way 突破-而前进make ones way （艰难）朝-走force ones way 挤出一条路have ones way 随心所欲push ones way 挤过去面。6. in other

8、words 1) 换言之，也就是说例句：In other words, our objective is to avoid losing. 也就是说，我们的目标是要避免失败。In other words, if you break the rule, you will be punished. 换言之，如果你违反了规则，你将受到惩罚。仿句：换句话说，只有这样我们才能按时完成工程。_.Keys ：In other words, we can complete the project on time only in this way.2) 相关短语：find the words 用恰当的语言表达k

9、eep ones word 信守诺言in a word 总之，一句话，简言之word for word 逐字逐句have a word with sb. 与某人交谈have words with sb, 与某争吵7. polish1) polish vt. 磨光，擦亮，提高，改进例句：He polished his floor with a special chemical. 他用一种特殊的化学物质来擦亮地板。Dont polish those badges; the gilt will wear off if you do. 不要擦那些徽章，否则光泽会给磨掉的。Its an honest b

10、ook but it hasnt been polished. 这本书写得真诚坦率，但还未经润色。仿句：他用手帕把皮鞋擦亮。_.Keys ：He polished his shoes with a handkerchief.2) 短语polish up磨光，擦亮，提高，改进例句：He polished up an old copper coin. 他擦亮了一枚古铜币。仿句：如果我想去法国旅游，我需要提高我的法语。_.Keys ：Ill need to polish up my French if Im going to France for my holidays.3) polish n.鞋油

11、，去污剂，亮彩，磨擦例句：Your shoes need a polish你的鞋需要擦一擦。He bought a tin of brown polish他昨天买一听褐色鞋油。A hot plate can spoil the tables polish.热盘子会毁桌面的光滑。仿句：你的文章有潜质但缺少文采。_.Keys ：Your writing has potential but lacks polish.4) 相关短语：polish away 擦去polish out 擦去polish off 急急忙忙做完(工作等); 很快吃完(食物) 俚杀死, 干掉; 打败(对手)polish the

12、 apple 讨人欢心; 拍马屁8. bear 1）v.承受，承担例句：The beam cannot bear the whole weight of the ceiling. 这根大梁无法支撑整个天花板的重量。仿句：他将承担所有的费用。_.Keys ：Hell bear all the expenses.2）v. 忍受，经受（常用于bear sth. / to do sth. / doing sth. / that从句）例句：I dont feel very well. I cant bear this weather. 我感到不太舒服。我受不了这种天气。He could not bear

13、 that they should be so impolite. 他受不了他们这样无礼仿句：她无法忍受遭人嘲笑。_.Keys ：She cant bear being laughed at.3）v. 带有；生育（孩子）例句：My grandfather was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars.我爷爷在战争中负了重伤，现在还留有伤疤。仿句：她有可能永远不能生孩子。_.Keys ：She might never be able to bear children.9. figure 1) n. 数字；钱数例句：His score

14、 is now well into double figures. 他的得分现在已达到两位数了。仿句：据估计他的财产已达两亿美元的金额。_.Keys ：It is estimated that his property is up to a figure of $200 million. 2）n. 体形，体态例句： My sister has a nice figure. 我妹妹身材很美。 仿句：她吃这么多，究竟是怎样保持优美的身材的？_.Keys ：How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?3）n. 人物，重要人

15、物例句：He was the outstanding political figure of his time. 他是他那个时代的著名政治人物。仿句：他是历史上的伟大人物之一。_.Keys ：He was one of the great figures in history. 4） n. 人影，塑像，雕像 例句：This is the figure of Lu Xun in marble. 这是鲁迅的大理石雕像。 仿句：我看不清远处的一个黑色人影。_.Keys ：I cant make out a dark figure in the distance. 5）v. (经过思考后)认为，以为例

16、句：I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive. 我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。仿句：我想不同的人喜欢不同的事。 _.Keys ：I figure that different people like different things. 6） v. 计算例句：It took me hours to figure those algebra problems out. 我花几个小时才算出那些代数题。仿句：拉里计算了他上个月的开支。_.Keys ：Larry figured his expenses for the p

17、ast month. 7) 短语 figure out 计算出，演算出，解决例句：Can you figure out how to do it?你能想出这件事该怎么办？仿句：孩子们没有花很多时间就算出了正确的答案。 _.Keys ：It didnt take the children long to figure out the correct answer. 10. picture1) n. 图画，照片, 形象，印象例句：A picture of a waterfall hung on the wall. 一幅绘有瀑布的画挂在墙上。Archaeologists are trying to

18、build up a picture of life in Mayan cities. 考古学家正努力再现玛雅城市的生活。仿句：我还清晰地记得我第一次见到巴黎时的情形。_.Keys ：I still have a vivid picture of the first time I saw Paris.2) v. 拍摄，画，描绘例句：The billboard pictured a handsome, thirtyish man smoking a cigarette. 在这个广告牌是一位30岁左右的英俊男子在抽烟的照片。The situation is realistically pictur

19、ed in the first chapter. 第一章真实地描绘了这一状况。仿句：那个男孩向他父母叙述他在学校一天情况。_.Keys ：The boy pictured his day at school to his parents. 3) v. 想像，设想例句：Rob had pictured her as kind of serious, but she wasnt like that at all. 罗布想像她有点严肃，但她根本不是那样。仿句：我无法设想村子里没有那座旧教堂像什麽样子。_.Keys ：I cant picture the village without the old

20、 church. 11. instruct 1) v.命令，指示例句：Our staff have been instructed to offer you every assistance. 我方工作人员奉命为您提供一切帮助。It does not pertain to the young to instruct their elders. 年轻人不应该对老年人发号施令。仿句：我们依照指示交回了调查表。_.Keys ：We returned the questionnaire as instructed. 2) v.教授，指导例句：His uncle instructed him in Fr

21、ench. 他的叔叔教他法语。仿句：需要更大的努力来教导孩子们的道路安全意识。_.Keys ：Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety. 3) v.（正式）通知例句：I want you to instruct them that they have to attend an important meeting to attend this afternoon. 我要你通知他们今天下午他们都得出席一个重要会议。仿句：我的代理人通知我，你还欠我100磅。_.Keys：I have been instructed by

22、 my agent that you still owe me 100 pounds. 12. possession 1) n. 所有物，财产例句：I packed my remaining possessions into the trunk. 我把我剩下的财物装进了箱子里。仿句：人们不得不收拾起仅有的一点财物逃到国外去。_.Keys：The people had to gather up their few possessions and escaped abroad. 2) n. (正式)拥有，占有 例句：He gave up possession of the house. 他放弃了这

23、房子的所有权。仿句：这所房子自16世纪以来一直归这个家族所有。_.Keys：The house has been in the familys possession since the 1500s. 3）possess v. 拥有；占有例句：He never possessed much money, but he always possessed good friends. 他从来就没有多少钱，但他一直有一些好朋友。 仿句：他的房子烧毁以后，他的全部财产都完了。 _.Keys：He lost all that he possessed when his house burned down.

24、4) 相关短语：be in ones possession / have sth in ones possession 拥有某物come into ones possession 为某人所得到，落入某人之手take/have possession of sth 拥有某物，拿到某物13. center around 以为中心例句：His activities in London center around this spot. 他在伦敦的活动以这个地点为中心。仿句：我所有的工作应该以孩子们为中心，而不是物质的东西。_.Keys：All of my work should center aroun

25、d the kids not material thing.14circumstance 1) n情况，情形例句：I cant imagine a circumstance in which I would be quarrelling with her. 我想象不出一种我会跟她吵架的情形。仿句：由于无法控制的情况，讲座取消了。_.Keys：Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled. 2) 短语under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不例句：At no time and und

26、er no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国在任何时候，在任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。Under no circumstances shall I leave you. 在任何情况下我都不会离开你。仿句：你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。_.Keys：Under no circumstances are you to leave the house. 3) 短语in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此例句：The result was the best that

27、could be expected under the circumstances. 在这种情况下，这是我们能期待的最好结果。仿句：我原计划第二天离开的，但在这样的情况下，我决定又住了一夜。_.Keys：I planned to leave the next day but under the circumstances I decided to stay another night. 词汇短语课堂专练：一、单项选择1. The pain will go away _, while the scar will be left for ever.A. one by one B. on time

28、C. by and by D. just now2. I often goes to the old man _ shoes with a cloth when my shoes needs _.A. polishing off; to polish B. polishing up; polishing upC. polishing up; polished up C. polished up; to be polished up3. The teacher blamed Tom for his bad behavior, but theres no sign of _ his ways.A.

29、 him repairing B. him mending C. he mending D. he repairing4. My leg really hurts-Im not sure how much longer I can _ it.A. control B. bear C. treat D. limit5. Does the young man standing there _ the company? No. The company is _ his father. Ain possession of; in the possession of Bhave possession o

30、f; in the possession of Ctake possession of; in possession of Dhave possession of; in possession of6. Some schools teach but fail to _ their students. A. educate B. instruct C. enlighten D. editorial7. Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard - _, you failed.(NMET 1999)

31、A. in the end B. after all C. in other words D. at the same time8. She spent a happy afternoon _ her coins and stamps. A. making out B. sorting out C. figuring out D. turning out9. This is _ the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstances B. on no accountC. by no means D. for no reason10

32、. The whole family has_ a period of considerable hardship and unhappiness.A. undertaken B. underlined C. undone D. undergone二、用下列短语的适当形式填空： center around under no circumstances figure out polish up in other words mend ones ways translate into by and by have possession of instruct sb. in 1. They _ a

33、big orchard and a big house. 2. Its very likely to clear up_.3. We must take some measures _ our plan.4. She said that _ would she allow us to skip the meeting. 5. Ill have to _ my Spanish before I go to Spain this summer. 6. He promised to_ but he broke the law again.7. Help me to _ these _ Chinese

34、 please.8. She _me _ the use of the telephone.9. How men first learnt to invent words is unknown;_, the origin of language is a mystery.10. Women often struggle to _ how to gain respect from male colleagues.【答案解析】一、单项选择1.C（A.one by one指一个接着一个，B. on time 准时 C. by and by 指不久D. just now 刚才的意思）。 2.B（pol

35、ishing up 分词做old man的后置定语，指擦鞋；第二个空格need doing=need to be done, 指鞋子需要擦亮）。 3.B（此题考查在“ of+宾格+分词结构的问题。mend ones way指“改邪归正，改过自新”）。4.B（control 控制 bear 忍受 treat 对待；治疗 limit 限制）。5.B（take /have possession of sth.占有某物，be in the possession of sb.某物在某人的控制之下）。6.A（译文：有些学校只教书而不育人。educate多指以教授和指导为手段，以培养个人的能力和品质为目的的

36、教育，强调动机和效果；instruct指对人进行必要的技术指导、示范等；enlighten指对于不开化状态的人们的开导、启迪等，使其摆脱愚昧或错误见解；editorial社论）。7.C （。“没有达到要求的标准”实际上就是“没有通过”。in the end意为“终于，最后”；after all意为“毕竟，终究”；at the same time意为“同时”。）。8.B （从coin和stamp可以猜出是她的业余爱好，coin和stamp需要sort out（分类）。make out认出，figure out思考，turn out生产、证明为。参考译文：她整个下午都在给硬币和邮票分类，过得很高兴

37、。）。9.C（by no means决不：He is by no means discouraged.他决不气馁。A.under no circumstances无论在什么情况下都不要，强调不受环境变化的影响。B.on no account无论持任何理由决不，无论如何不要，强调不管有无原因都一样。D.for no reason没有任何理由。本句是强调一种既存的事实，而不是将要发生的事情，当然不能选A、B。C才是最佳答案。）。10.A（形近动词辨析四个动词有三个是由under+动词构成的，四选词的意思分别是：undertake“着手，承担”；underline“划底线”；undo“取消”；und

38、ergo“经历，承受”。）。二、用下列短语的适当形式填空Keys: 1. have possession of 2. by and by 3. centering around 4. under no circumstances 5. polish up 6. mend his ways 7. translate into 8. instructed;in 9. in other words 10. figure out 句型： 1.The son had left home to waste his time and money leading a life of luxury, but l

39、ater mended his ways and came home. 儿子离家浪费了他的光阴和金钱过着奢侈的生活，但后来改邪归正回到家里。 分析：1）waste money/time (in) doing sth 浪费钱/时间做某事例句：He wasted his time (in) doing nothing. 他无所事事，浪费光阴。She wasted her time and money (in) paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。 仿句：不要浪费时间和他讲话。 Key: Dont waste time talking to him. 2) a waste of

40、time/money doing 浪费时间/金钱做某事例句：Its a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的。仿句：买这样的东西是浪费金钱。 Key: Its a waste of money buying this kind of products.3) 相关句型：It is no harm/good/use+doingIt is useless+doingThere is no good/use+in+doingThere is no use to do sth/for sthThere is no need to do sthThere is no do

41、ubt about/that-clauseThere is no sense+in+doingThere is no point+in+doing2. For instance, children are often referred to as the apple of their parents eye, meaning that their parents love them very much and are very proud of them. 例如，孩子们常常被指是父母掌上明珠，意思是他们的父母非常爱他们为他们而自豪。 分析：1) 提到，谈到例句：We agreed never

42、to refer to the matter again. 我们一致同意永远一再提这件事。仿句：尽管她没有提到任何名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。 Key: Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.2) 参考，查看，查阅例句：For further particulars, please refer to Chapter Ten. 详情请看第10章。仿句：请在不查阅词典的情况下完成练习。 Key: Complete the exercise without referring to

43、a dictionary. 3) 涉及，关于例句：The new law does not refer to land used for farming. 这条新的法律不涉及农用土地。仿句：左栏里的数字是关于我们海外销售额。 Key: The figures in the left-hand column refer to our sales abroad. 3. Biblical idioms originally had straightforward and clear meanings because they were often meant to underline the mor

44、al of a story and to give audiences an image to help them understand the story better.圣经习语原本都有着直白、清晰的意义，因为它们通常意在强调某一故事的寓意，给听众或读者一个意象以帮助他们更好地理解故事。分析：1) 短语mean to do sth 意欲，打算例句：Ive been meaning to phone you all the week. 整整一星期以来我一直打算给你打电话。 Is this picture meant for me ? 这张画儿是打算给我的吗？ 仿句：我从来没打算让她看那些评论。

45、 Key: I never meant her to read those comments. 2）mean sth/doing sth 使有可能，预示例句：This snow means no sport this afternoon. 这场雪使今天下午的体育活动搞不成了。仿句：迟到预示着他放弃了比赛。 Key: His being late means giving up the match. 3) be meant to do sth 应该做某事例句：I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day

46、. 星期日我本应工作的，但却闲混了一整天。仿句：我以为警察的职责就是保护人民。 Key: I thought the police were meant to protect people.4) mean adj. 卑鄙的，不善良的，吝啬的例句：It was mean of you to eat all the food. 你把所有的食物都吃光了，你可太坏了。Dont be so mean to her. 不要对她如此刻薄！仿句：他对钱总是很吝啬。 Key: Hes always been mean with his money. 4. It was the White Horse Templ

47、e that first brought the meaning of temple to the word si. 起初就是白马寺使得temple 这个词对应“寺”这个字。分析：it 引导的强调句型。构成是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.”,被强调部分可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语(从句)等。例句：I met him in the street this morning. 今天早上我在大街上遇到了他。It was I who met him in the street this morning.（强调主语）It was him that I met in the street this morning.（强调宾语）It was in the street that I met him this morning.（强调地点状语）It was this morning that I met him in the street.