阅读简答(公开课)

1、Step 1 . 考纲解读考纲解读 阅读简答题是综合考查考生阅读简答题是综合考查考生阅读理阅读理解与书面表达能力解与书面表达能力的一种新型主观性测的一种新型主观性测试题型。它以回答问题的方式极好地检试题型。它以回答问题的方式极好地检测考生对英语基本语法知识的掌握程度测考生对英语基本语法知识的掌握程度和语言文字的表达、驾驭能力，即和语言文字的表达、驾驭能力，即对信对信息进行加工息进行加工、整合和处理的能力整合和处理的能力。Step 2 .命题分析命题分析1、语篇及选材特点语篇及选材特点 高考简答题的高考简答题的体裁灵活多样体裁灵活多样，多为说明文，多为说明文（07、08年）、记述文（年）、记述文

2、（09、10、11年），也有年），也有议论文和新闻。文章层次分明，条理清晰，易读议论文和新闻。文章层次分明，条理清晰，易读易懂，易懂，词数词数260260340340不等不等。2、设题特点设题特点 测测试试问题既涉问题既涉及到及到词义猜测、细词义猜测、细节理节理解解、逻、逻辑推辑推理，理，又涉及又涉及到对文章到对文章主旨大意主旨大意的概的概括或括或归纳。归纳。四种四种题型在题型在近五年高考英语近五年高考英语试卷中试卷中的的分布如下：分布如下：词义猜测题词义猜测题 细节理解题细节理解题逻辑推理题逻辑推理题主旨大意题主旨大意题2007年年1(73)1(74)1(75)2008年年2（73、74）

3、1（75）2009年年1（73）2（74、75）2010年年3（81、82、83）1（84）2011年年4（81、82、83、84）Step 3. 评分原则及标准评分原则及标准 简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上上，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。，用正确简洁的语言回答问题。在在评分时评分时同时考虑内容和语言同时考虑内容和语言。8181、8282题满分为题满分为2 2分，分，8383、8484题满分为题满分为3 3分。分。 评评分标准：分标准： 1 1、语言错误扣、语言错误扣0.50.5分，每题语言错误扣分，每题语言错误扣分不超过分不超过0.50.5分（标点符号和大小写错

4、误忽分（标点符号和大小写错误忽略不计）；略不计）； 2 2、涉及无关内容者扣、涉及无关内容者扣0.50.5分；若答案有分；若答案有相互矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆相互矛盾的内容，则内容互相矛盾的部分皆不得分；不得分； 3 3、整句原封不动照搬，扣整句原封不动照搬，扣0.50.5分分； 4 4、答案超过规定词数者扣、答案超过规定词数者扣0.50.5分；分； 5 5、若答案涵盖两个方面，答错的一方面、若答案涵盖两个方面，答错的一方面减半扣分。减半扣分。Step 4. 解题技巧解题技巧技巧技巧1：如何快速定位原文？：如何快速定位原文？ 用来定位原文的关键词的方法一般有两种：用来定位原文的关键词

5、的方法一般有两种： 1 1、原词定位原词定位。题干中有一些外表有特点且醒。题干中有一些外表有特点且醒目的字，目的字，如人名、地名、数字、大写字母、专有名如人名、地名、数字、大写字母、专有名词等词等。 (1) (2010Hunan, 82) .and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Womens Club of Toronto. As the name suggests, members are U. S. citizens living in Toronto, who join together for fellows

6、hip and community service. Q: Why did Linda join the American Womens Club of Toronto? (No more than 10 words) Answer: She joined it for fellowship and community service.2 2、近义词定位近义词定位。如：。如：alter/ change；choicealternative;allow/permit等。等。 (2) (2008Hunan, 73) The sculptors bring out their favorite too

7、ls that work best on the hard iced snow, but they are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity. Q: What kind of tools are the sculptors NOT permitted to use?(No more than 6 words) Answer: The tools that use electricity / The tools using electricity. Step 4. 解题技巧解题技巧 技巧技巧2：如何确定答案的基本形式：如何确定答案的

8、基本形式? ? (1)(1)以以WhatWhat提问：用提问：用_回答。回答。(2)(2)以以WhyWhy提问：若询问目的，用提问：若询问目的，用_回答；回答； 若询问原因，用若询问原因，用_回答。回答。(3)(3)以以HowHow提问：用提问：用_回答。回答。名词、动名词、不定式、名词、动名词、不定式、 名词性短语名词性短语/从句从句For/To doBecause/Because ofBy短语、形容词、句子短语、形容词、句子(1) (2011Hunan, 82) Instead of stopping at the end of the slope, I decided to see if

9、 I could just jog to the end of the street. I had tried a few months ago and failed miserably. Q: What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago?(No more than 11 words) Answer: She failed to jog to the end of the street.(2) We should take the size of package into consideration. Q: What sh

10、ould we consider ? (No more than 3 words) Answer: The packages size. (3) (2009Hunan, 74) Hershey stood stiffly with hands on his hips. Color rose in his face. He said something in a low voice. Then he smiled. “Its not your fault, son,” he said. “I need to watch where Im going.” Q: Why didnt Hershey

11、fire Grandfather? (No more than 10 words) Answer: Because he realized it was his own fault.(4) With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species.Q: Why are some scientists trying to clone some animals? (No more than 5 word

12、s)Answer: To save the endangered species.(5) (2011Hunan, 84) I normally jog because I want to look good. I want to run because it makes me feel good. Q: How is running different from jogging to the author? (no more than 14 words) Answer: Running makes her feel good while jogging makes her look good.

13、 (6) Out west you head into the real Australian Outback(澳洲内地)，home to the Red Kangaroos, a group of fascinating lizards(蜥蜴) and a wide range of other animals adapted to dry conditions.Q: How is the climate of the Australian Outback? (No more than 3 words) Answer: Its dry.技巧技巧3：如何转换表达方式：如何转换表达方式? ? 1

14、 1、把定语从句改成非谓语动词、介词短语或名词、把定语从句改成非谓语动词、介词短语或名词作定语。作定语。(1) Those who are always working hard and have proper ways of studying often succeed. Q: What kind of students can succeed?（No more than 7 words） Answer: Those working hard with proper studying ways.(2) Teenagers that are getting into some or other

15、 kinds of addiction have become one of the biggest problems faced all over the world and especially in America. Thats why almost every state in America has specially designed treatment centers and rehab centersQ: Why do most American states have treatment and rehab centers to give addiction treatmen

16、t to youngsters? (No more than 10 words) Answer: Because teenagers getting into addiction has become a big problem. 技巧技巧3：如何转换表达方式：如何转换表达方式? ? 2 2、把状语从句改成非谓语动词。把状语从句改成非谓语动词。 (1)Some new regulations have been worked out in order that the students time for exercise will be guaranteed. Q: Why have some

17、 new regulations been worked out? (No more than 5 words)Answer: To guarantee students exercise time.(2) The treatment centers in Wyoming have various treatment programs designed especially for youngsters. They work along with their families so that they can plan a suitable program for them.Q: Why do

18、 treatment centers in Wyoming work with childrens families? （No more than 7 words）Answer: To plan a suitable program for youngsters/ teenagers. 技巧技巧3：如何转换表达方式：如何转换表达方式? ? 3 3、通过通过抓同义词、关键词转换句子结构。抓同义词、关键词转换句子结构。 One likely development of the “graying” of the U.S. will be a gradual change in the family

19、 unit. The other likely development will be a change in the proportion (比例比例) of the nations workforce. Q: What are the developments of the “graying” of the U.S.? （No more than 6 words） Answer:Family unit and workforce proportion changes.技巧技巧3：如何转换表达方式：如何转换表达方式? ? 4 4、用反义词、反义结构缩写。、用反义词、反义结构缩写。 Mulch(覆盖物覆盖物) helps keep the soil from getting too dry. Q: What is the use of mulch? （No more than 6 words） Answer: Mulch helps keep the soil wet.技巧技巧3：如何转换表达方式：如何转换表达方式? ? 5 5、简化短语、简化短语 all of a sudden once in a whi