2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法讲练学案(9页word版)

1、2020届二轮复习短文语法填空中语法考点大搜索练学案语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一 篇地道的英语文章中，在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的 基础上，挖去10个空所为，这10个空根据有无提示词可分为 有提示词类和无提 示词类两种。试卷年份语篇类型主题语境有提示词类无提示词类谓语动词非谓语动词词类转换名词代词比较级冠词介词副词代词连词与从句全国卷I2019说明文人与自然动物介绍22211112018说明文人与自我跑步运动122111112017说明文人与自我健康饮食22111111全国卷U2019记叙文人与自我人物介绍232122018说明文

2、人与自然生态保护2231112017说明文人与社会地铁历史2131111全国卷山2019记叙文人与社会旅行经历2231112018记叙文人与自然森林偶遇131111112017记叙文人与自我人物介绍2221111命題规if探究总从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下:、有提示词类：设置7个小题咼频考占谓语动词12题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面 的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。非谓语动词13题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设 1题。派生词13题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设 1题。名词01题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可

3、能会考查名词的所有格。形容词和副词类01题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。低频考点，代词：01题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。二、无提示词类：设置3个小题咼频介词01题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介考点词，一般不涉及短语介词。冠词01题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的 冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。从属关联词02题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、 状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。低频考点并列连词01题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。其他01题：包括助动词（如强调谓语动词的do, does, di

4、d ;构 成部分倒装的do, does, did ；构成一般疑冋句的do, does, did），构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词（before, ago, however, any way.）等。高效备寺策崎丹芒龙心如何应对提示词为动词题2在弁词乔应布实馬用动弼同作非谓语$.覆示主副剧18卄用现徑竹两4.老示At动m完虛用过去分闾S.惟动词恥y+ M*零的媒谁用动翳伺ft fV-L dKide, refUH*爭的宾蔚用不定式ffMM书据軒作诃子虞5转换为窑词戒盼弄同= ItiM 诅）作目的狀语姜用冨定武U护忡已灯谐序动词.而11汎 井刊1沖时I 一対臺一愷抠h疋文?浴蛊一覘擦芍主语的

5、关慕：i 电 甦 KM kBttMV【思维流程】撷示词井析旬7诫仆若铃中没有别的谓语动輛. 有MM.但耳之昂井列类鬲示例1(2019 全国卷 I )ln recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut65. (report) in creases in bear sightings around human settlements , leading to a66. belief that populations are in creas ing.分析：分析句子结构可知，缺少谓语， 故应填谓语动词。由时间状语fn recent years可知，句子用现在元成

6、 时；再由主语 some Inuit people可知， 谓语动词应用复数形式，故谓语动词 用 have reported示例2(2019 全国卷 n )When we got a call 68.(say) she was分析：分析句子结构可知，句中已有 谓语动词got，空处应填非谓语动词。苦崔3中不惟调追动网*而11 乂 不作卡迥旌閒词时short-listed, we thought it was69.a joke.再由句意可知，say与前面的a call之 间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语 saying.作后置疋语，修饰 a call。提示词为扶他词悭吓同为冋客河T如丽有羔示比较的亦”不

7、和讦詁冷比紇锻F如黑旬中含自住朮范国粕i n fn)或事皿咚星茅丽屈F 阳竝屈级如采惦胧功诃、序春词、谢同或切十用刷训如何应对提示词为其他词题【思维流程】示例1(2018 全国卷 I )Two of the authors of the review also made a study published ir 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.(cause).分析：

8、cause表示“原因， 起因”时是可数名词，且前 面有all修饰，故填 cause的复数形式causes示例2(2019 全国卷 川)They also shared with us many 67.(tradition) storiesabout Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.分析：所填词修饰名词 stories，故应用 tradition 的 形容词形式traditional。示例3(2019 全国卷 I )It is difficult to figure out a global populati on o

9、f polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied.分析：此处修饰动词 studied,故应用形容词poor 的副词形式poorly。示例4(2019 全国卷 I )Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be con gregati ng聚集) around human settlements , leading to the分析：根据空格后的than 可知，此处应用high的比 较级形式higher。如宋作解讪州氏恪旳式提示

10、诃为代河如沿作宦涪用庄痒诃性物主代诃illusion（错觉）that populations are 68.（high） than they actually are.示例5（2018 全国卷 川）When the gorillas and I frighte ned each other, I was just glad to find 68.（they） alive. True to agorilla nsaggressive nature, the huge ani mal 69.mea nt（mea n） me no real harm.分析：分析句子结构可知， 此处作find的宾语，

11、alive 为宾语补足语，故此处要用 人称代词的宾格。故填 them。示例6（2016 全国卷 I ）On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68.（it）mother.分析：根据空格后的名词mother及前文中的a lively three-mo nth-old twin 可知 此处作定语，要用形容词性 物主代词its。如何应对纯空格题【思维流程】隈据讪丁堂患，1T定兵体坨fl去介词、it词 抚词戊就河|示例1（2019 全国卷 I ）Modern methods 6

12、3. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.分析:a method of/for doi ng sth做某事的方法。示例2（2018 全国卷川）I was searchi ng 67. these three wester n lowla nd gorillas I observ ing.分析：search for意为“寻找” een为固定搭配， 故填介词for。示例3（2019 全国卷 I ）Of 69.nineteenrecog ni zed polar bear subpop

13、ulati ons, three分析：此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群，故are declining, six 7O.are（be） stable, one is in creas ing, and nine lack eno ugh data.用定冠词the。示例4（2019 全国卷 n ）When we got a call68.saying（say） she was short-listed , we thought it was 69.joke.分析：joke “笑话，玩 笑”，是可数名词。空 格后用了单数joke，故 其前用a。示例5（2017 全国卷 n ）However, the

14、 railway quickly proved to be a great success and with in six mon ths, more tha n 25,000 people were using 67.every day.分析：指代前句中的therailway，故填 it。示例6（2016 全国卷川）ln much of Asia, especially the so-called“rice bowl ” cultures qfCJapan Korea, 61.Vietnam,food is usually eate n with chopsticks.分析：这里列举了亚洲

15、；hi na的一些国豕，匕们为并列关系，应用and。示例7（2019 全国卷 n ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62.she ope ned withher late husba nd Les.分析：分析句子结构可 知，逗号后是非限制性 定语从句，the pet shop 是先行词，疋语从句中 缺少opened的宾语，故 用 whicho示例8（2019 全国卷 I ）While they are rare north of 88 , there is eviden

16、ee 61 theyrange all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Can ada.分析：分析句子结构可 知，所填词引导同位语 从句，解释说明evidenee 的具体内容，从句不缺 少成分且意义完整，故 用that引导。【即时训练】As the rain starts to pound on the window you may find your dog hiding under a lowpiece of furniture or in the corner of a dark roomt s no

17、t unusual for a dog to attemi(become)grounded during storms by seeking 2. lowest place in thehouse or some place near the house s pipes.But why ? As you might suspect , noise is one of the 3.(reason).Thunderstormscan frighten dogs with noise phobia, 4. is asevere fear of loud noises.Noise phobias ca

18、n start at any age and worsen over time if 5.(leave) un treated.Another reason is static electricity(静电).During a thunderstorm , static electricity inthe clouds builds up, eventually 6.(burst)into lightning.Dogs can sensethis static electricity , and often even before the storm reaches our own neigh

19、bourhood.Static electricity 7.(feel)by dogs through their fur.Itcould be 8.(help)to gen tly lead your dog to the bathroom and into thebathtub as the porcelain瓷 器)may 9.(actual)help block static electricity.At the same time , try not to take care 10. your dog toomuch.Otherwise, your dog may think tha

20、t its behavior is something you d like to seeaga in.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了狗害怕暴风雨的原因及狗的主人可采取的应对办法。1. to become 考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth意为“企图做某事”。2. the 考查定冠词。形容词最高级前需加定冠词the。3. reasons 考查名词复数。由one of the可知，设空处需填名词的复数形式，故填 reasons 4. which 考查关系词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰noise phobia，且在从句中作主语，故填 which o 5.left 考查非谓

21、语动词。if从句常省去主语(与主句主语相同时)be动词，此处省略 they are,故填 left。6.bursting 考查非谓语动词。static electricity与burst之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表意料之中的结果，故填bursting。7.is felt 考查时态和语态。由by dogs可知，Static electricity与feel之间是被动关系，且此处描述客观情况，故填is felt。8. helpful 考查形容词。设空处作表语，且句子意为“小心地把你的狗领到澡盆里可能会有用”，故填helpful。9. actually 考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词 help，

22、故填副词actually。10.of 考查介词。take care of意为“照顾”。B(2019 重庆市七校联考)As the effects of global warming, rising sea levels and natural disasters become more serious 1 before， and some local communitiesare taking action.Among them is one community in Florida 2. localpeople and government officials are proving suc

23、cessful in protecting 3. (coast)cities from the dan gers of risi ng sea levels.s 27The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested 4. (way)to address the problem.It has persuaded the state government 5. (ba n) new developme nts on land n ear the coastl ine and recomme nded

24、buildi ng sand dunes (沙丘)along beaches.Kristin Jacobs one of the group s foupdiesided to take action in 2008 after it became 6. (gradual) clear that her statewater authorities couldn t agree on jo联合的)action.While some Florida gover nment officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or 7.(cold)，the people 8.(live) in these locations arecerta in of the n eed to protect their com mun ities.At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under a limited