2021届高考英语二轮复习第一部分专题八定语从句课件

1、第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移专题八定语从句专题八定语从句第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-2-词汇复习8(根据汉语提示填入以d开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以d开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】no one can deny that with the 1.development(发展)of economies in the past decades,the standard of peoples life has been increasing r

2、apidly.however,the quality of air and water is declining,peoples health level is dropping,and some good land has been destroyed/damaged as well.people who take exercise at dawn dare not go out without a defense.they feel it 2.dangerous(危险的)to their health,and their feeling of happiness is 3.decreasi

3、ng(减少) a great deal.they demand/desire the government make a 4.decision(决定) and take measures without 5.delay(耽误) to improve the present situation which will make a great difference.第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-3-译文 不可否认,随着数十年经济的发展,人们的生活水平迅速提高。然而,空气和水的质量却在降低,人们的健康水平却在下降,一些好

4、的耕地也被破坏了。黎明晨练的人们不做防护不敢出去。他们感到健康有危险,他们的幸福感也下降了很多。他们要求政府立即做出决定并采取措施来改善目前的局面,这将产生巨大的影响。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-4-语言表达要流畅,定语从句来帮忙;引导词语确定好,前后关系最重要。1.(2020全国卷改编)understanding her good intentions,i eat all the food is provided by mom with appreciation.2.(2020天津卷改编)dr.rowan, s

5、ecretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.thatwhose解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句为定语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,先行词是the food,且被all修饰,故用关系代词that引导。解析:考查定语从句。句意:dr.rowan不得不自己打字,他的秘书两周前辞职了。分析句子结构可知,whose引导定语从句,并在从句中做定语,修饰secretary。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-5-3.(2019江苏卷改编)we

6、 have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.解析:考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,定语从句结构完整,只缺少状语,根据先行词age可知,此处用when引导定语从句。4.(2019天津卷改编)their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.解析:考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子处在一个只会说个别词语而不能说完整句子的阶段。先行词

7、是stage,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以填where。 第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-6-5.(2018江苏卷改编)self-driving is an area in which china and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.解析:考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。先行词为area,关系词在从句中做地点状语,由于前面有介词in,故用which。6.(2018全国卷改编)the chines

8、e ministry of agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语,修饰先行词a soil-testing program,故填that或which。第一部分第一部

9、分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移基础自诊夯基固本-7-7.(2016浙江卷改编)scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of which has been proved.解析:考查定语从句。前后两句之间用“,”隔开,说明后一句为非限制性定语从句,且先行词theories表示物,故用which。8.the number of smokers,asis reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just o

10、ne year.解析:考查定语从句。句意:正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。分析句子结构可知, is reported位于句子中间且前后有逗号隔开,此处不能填it;结合句意分析,此处应填as,引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容,意为“正如,正像”。 第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-8-一、基本情况 第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-9-二、考点(一)定语从句只能用that引导的情况:1.当先行词是最高级或被最高级修

11、饰时。this is the most interesting book that i have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的一本书。2.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。the second foreign country that i expect to visit is greek.我想去参观的第二个国家是希腊。3.当先行词是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代词时。he didnt refer to anything that had happened to him these yea

12、rs in his letter.在信中他没有提及这些年发生在他身上的任何事情。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-10-4.当先行词既有人又有物时。do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?5.当先行词被the only,the very,the right,the same等修饰时。he was the only person that witnessed the accident.他是唯一一个目击这次事

13、故的人。this is the very good dictionary that i want to buy.这正是我要买的那本好词典。6.在以which,who,whom引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用that。who is the man that is standing there?站在那边的那个人是谁?which is the t-shirt that fits me most?最适合我的t恤衫是哪一件?第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-11-7.在there be句型中。there are few books

14、 in the library that are helpful for my experiment.图书馆里很少有对我的实验有帮助的书。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-12-(二)定语从句只能用which引导的情况:1.关系代词指物,做介词的宾语。china has 56 nationalities,each of which has its own characteristics,forming the various and colorful chinese culture.中国有56个民族,每个民族都有自己的

15、特点,它们形成了丰富多彩的中国文化。2.关系代词指前面的整个句子,引导非限制性定语从句时。he failed in the exam,which made his father very angry.他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-13-(三)whose和of whom,of which引导的定语从句this is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.=this is the scientist the name

16、 of whom is known all over the country.=this is the scientist of whom the name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-14-the classroom,whose door is broken,will soon be repaired.=the classroom,the door of which is broken,will soon be repair

17、ed.=the classroom,of which the door is broken,will soon be repaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-15-(四)关系代词as 的应用范围1.as 和which一样可以引导非限制性定语从句,这两个关系代词都指整个主句内容(as 通常译为“正如”),且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。as is known to everybody,the moon t

18、ravels round the earth once every month.=the moon travels round the earth once every month,as/which is known to everybody.众所周知,月亮每月围绕地球转一周。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-16-as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为实义动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。the weather turned out to be very good,as w

19、as more than we could expect.天气变得非常好了,这超出了我们的预料。it rained hard yesterday,which prevented me from going to the park.昨天雨下得很大,这使我没能去公园。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-17-2.当先行词被the same,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。i bought the same book as you have.我买了一本跟你的一样的书。this is such an easy math p

20、roblem as everyone can work out.(比较:this is such an easy math problem that everyone can work it out.)这是一道如此简单的数学题,每个人都能解决。注意 当先行词被the same修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。the same.as(指同样或同类的),the same.that(指同一个)this is the same pen as i lost.这支钢笔与我丢的那支一样。this is the same pen that i lost.这就是我丢的那支钢笔。第一部分第一部分专

21、题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-18-(五)定语从句关系词的判断方法1.方法一:观察从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就要求必须用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.=this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year.这是我去年待过的小山村。ill never forget the days when i worked toge

22、ther with you.=ill never forget the days (which) i spent with you.我永远不会忘记和你在一起工作过的日子。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-19-2.方法二:判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。thi

23、s museum is the one that you visited a few days ago.这座博物馆是你前几天参观的那个。this is the museum where/in which the exhibition was held.这是在举办展览的那座博物馆。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-20-(六)“介词+关系词”中介词的确定1.根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。this is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.(speak of

24、 意为“谈及”,相当于talk of)这不是老师在课堂上谈及的那本书。the two things of which they felt proud were jims gold watch and dellas hair.(be/feel proud of 为固定短语,意为“以自豪”。)他们感到自豪的两样东西分别是吉姆的金表和德拉的头发。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-21-2.根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。ill never forget the day on which i first met him.(表示具

25、体的某一天,用介词on)我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。the boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.(“朝方向”,用介词in)那个男孩指着他要跑去的方向。he came to a farm,on which he finally settled.(“在农场上”,用介词on)他来到了一个农场,并在那里最终定居了下来。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-22-(七)定语从句的几个特别之处1.“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时我们可以见到“介词+wh

26、ere”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。he stood at the window,from where he could see nothing but a blank wall.他站在窗边,从那里除了一面白墙外他什么也看不到。(from where= from at the window,而不是from the window)he was thrown into a castle from which no one could escape.他被扔进了一座城堡中,没人能从那儿逃走。(from which=from the castle)第一部分

27、第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-23-2.分隔式定语从句。定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。the only bridge across the river fell down in the flood,which had been there for decades.那座在河上存在了数十年的唯一一座桥在洪水中垮塌了。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-24-3.抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。先行词为stage,situa

28、tion,point,case等词且关系词在从句中做状语,这时用where引导定语从句;occasion 之后用when引导定语从句,the way (表示“方式”) 后的定语从句用“that/in which/省去关系词”三种结构引导。they have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。in the past five years,there have been few occasions when the whole family can get together.在过

29、去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的时候。i dont like the way that he laughed at me.=i dont like the way in which he laughed at me.=i dont like the way he laughed at me.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移高频考点探究突破-25-4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引导的名词性从句,有时可转换为“先行词+关系词”引导的定语从句。whoever spits i

30、n public will be punished here.=anyone who spits in public will be punished here.任何在公共场合吐痰的人在这儿都将受到惩罚。the parents will use what they have to send their son to the best university.=the parents will use all that they have to send their son to the best university.这对父母将会倾其所有送他们的儿子去上最好的大学。第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句

31、专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-26-一 二 三 四一、用适当的关系词填空1.students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.2.among the many dangers which/that sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.3.please send us all the information that y

32、ou have about the candidate for the position.4.until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,which is quite unexpected.5.i didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade,when i went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究

33、突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-27-一 二 三 四6.well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.7.when i arrived,bryan took me to see the house where i would be staying.8.the book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.9.many countri

34、es are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.10.as is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-28-一 二 三 四二、用定语从句完成下列句子1.this is the best film that i have seen (我看过的) in the

35、past few years.(see)2.the result must have been disappointing,as/which could be seen from(从可以看出) the disappointed look on his face.(see)3.youd better ask your teachers and parents for advice,by which means(通过这种方式) you will make a wiser decision.(means)4.nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smar

36、tphone whose functions are more practical(它的功能更加实用).(function)5.this is the reason why he is leaving now(他为什么现在离开).(leave)第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-29-一 二 三 四6.mary brown moved to a place which lies near the sea(靠近大海),so she could go swimming every day.(lie)7.he got hims

37、elf into a difficult situation where he must make a final decision all by himself (在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定).(make a decision)8.its the same person that we wanted to find(我们要找的) yesterday.(find)9.learning strategies,to which (the) teachers attach/have attached(老师们认为重要的) importance,have not yet drawn eno

38、ugh attention of students.(attach)10.anyone who wants to show his personal talent(凡是想展示个人才华的人) can go in for the cctv programme “amazing chinese”.第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-30-一 二 三 四三、语篇填空when i left art college,i quickly realized i couldnt earn a 1._ (live) as an artist

39、.the art college invited me back to do some part-time work and i promised.while i was doing that,the vice principal said there was a school up the road which was looking for 2.art teacher.i told him i didnt really want to be a teacher 3., from my experience,teachers were not liked. living an because

40、 第一部分第一部分专题八定语从句专题八定语从句基础自诊夯基固本高频考点探究突破新题演练能力迁移新题演练能力迁移-31-一 二 三 四the school was quite a rough area.on the top floor 4. (be) a big art room which clearly hadnt been used for long.i had a conversation with the headmaster and 5. (decide) i would have a go.and i absolutely loved it.i had such a good time with the